Forest and Water Resources - Geography Notes of Class 10th

F o r e s t a n d W a t e r R e s o u r c e s G e o g r a p h y , 1 0 t h
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Harish Sharma D.T.P.Work (Typed) BY:Nikhil Dhawan
Jeevan Nagar, 9419310066 Mobile No. 9018580277
Forest and Water
Resources
1. What are reserved forests?
Ans. Reserved Forests are those which are permanently remarked either to production
of timber or other forests produces and in which right of grazing and cultivation is
seldom allowed.
2. What percentage in India is covered with forests?
Ans. About 23% of the total area is covered with forests.
3. What is National Park?
Ans. A National Park is relatively large area nowhere one or several ecosystem exists
and where plant and animals specious, geographical sites and habitats are of special
educative and recreative interests.
4. Why is irrigation necessary in India?
Ans. India is a kind of monsoons as such most of the rain fall occurs in the advancing
monsoon season which lasts for only few months. But this rainfall is uncertain,
sometimes, it starts early and sometimes late. Both affect crops very badly. Certain
crops like rice, jute, and sugarcane need much more water than the others. It can be
met only through irrigation. Timely and adequate irrigation ensures the productivity and
quality of crops.
5. What is a River Valley Project?
Ans. A river valley project is such a scheme which is carried to tackle various problems
associated with river valleys in an integrated manner. For example, they control flood,
check soil erosion, provide water for irrigation, generation hydroelectricity etc. these
projects are also called multipurpose projects because they fulfill a variety of purposes
at one and the same time.

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6. Name four states which have 40% of net sown area under irrigation?
Ans. The names of four states which have over 40% of net sown area under irrigation
arte Punjab, Haryana, U.P, Bihar, Jammu and Kashmir, Tamil Nadu and Manipur.
7. What is Watershed Development?
Ans. The watershed Development is a holistic approach. It includes programmes for
soil and moisture conservation, water harvesting, forestation, horticulture, pasture
development and up gradation of community land resources. These plans take into
consideration and capability and the local needs of the people. It seeks participation of
the local people.
8. What is Rainwater Harvesting?
Ans. It is a technique of increasing the recharge of ground water by capturing and
storing rain water by constructing structures. Such as dug wells, percolation pits, check
dams,. Rainwater is stored in ground water reservoirs by adopting artificial recharge
techniques to meet the household needs through storage in tanks. The objects of rain
water harvesting are:
1. To meet the increasing demand for water.
2. To reduce run off.
3. To avoid Flooding of roads.
4. To argument the ground water storage and raise the water level.
5. To reduce ground water pollution.
6. To supplement domestic water requirement during summer and long dry spells.
9. Name National Parks of the state of Jammu & Kashmir?
Ans. 1. Dachigam National Park (Srinagar) 2. Hemis High Altitude Park at Leh. 3. High
Altitude National Park at Kishtwar.
10. Where in our state are Wildlife Sanctuaries located?
Ans. The wildlife Sanctuaries in our state are at:
1. Overa (Phalgam) 2. Ramnagar (Jammu) 3. Nandi (Jammu) 4. Surin Sar,
mansard (Jammu).
11. How are forests useful to man?
Ans. It is said that forests are called green gold. Forests are renewable resources and
contribute substantially to our economic development. Forests play a major role in

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enhancing the quality of environment. Forests modify local climate, control soil erosion,
regulate stream flow, support a variety of industries, provide livelihood for many
communities and offer opportunities for reaction. They reduce wind force and influence
air temperature. Forests provide industrial wood, timber, fuel wood, fodder and several
other minor product is of great economic value to man. Forests also provide medicinal
herbs to man. Today, environmentally stability and maintenance of ecological balance
which are vital for sustenance of all life forms are more important than the direct
economic benefit.
12. Describe the methods of Forests Conservation?
Ans. Conservation of forests is a national problem. It must be tackled with perfect
coordination between forest department and other departments. People are
participation in the conservation of forests is of vital importance. We must celebrate Van
Mahotsava with zeal and vigor and plant trees in all such areas, which are unsuitable for
cultivation of crops. We should also create public awareness about the importance of
trees. All national day celebrations, programmes should follow a programme of tree
plantation. By adopting above discussed methods we will be able to conserve our
forests.
13. Describe the importance of water in life?
Ans. Water plays an important role in our daily life. Water is one of the musty important
constituent of life besides air and food. Some of the important uses of water are as
under:
1. Water is used for irrigation purposes.
2. Water is used for generating hydroelectricity.
3. Water is used for various domestic purposes such as washing, cleaning, cooking
etc.
4. Water is used in various industries, such as Iron and Steel industry, paper
industry, jute industry etc.
5. The growing urbanization with its modern life-style has been demanding greater
share of water day by day.
Above all, water has become indispensable for disposal of ever growing municipal
sewage and dirt of all sorts.
14. Why are the Himalayan Rivers perennial while the Peninsular Rivers
seasonal?

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Ans. There are a large number of rivers in India. Some of them are the Ganga, The
Yamuna, The Brahmaputr4a, the Indus, The Betwa, The Godavari, The Krishna etc.
The Indus, The Ganga and the Brahmaputra carry 60% of total surface water in India.
Thus on the basis of hydrology, the Indian rivers are divided into two groups:
a) The Himalayan Rivers and b) The Peninsular Rivers.
Most of the Himalayan Rivers have their sources in the glaciers and snowfields of
Himalayas, and, therefore are perennial in nature, while the peninsular rivers depend
upon monsoon i.e. rained hence are seasonal. Therefore, the peninsular rivers demand
storage of water for irrigation and power generation.
15. Describe Replenishable Ground Water Resources of India?
Ans. The primary source of water on the earth is precipitation that comes in the form of
rain and snowfall. A part of this is lost by evaporation. Most of it flows as run off in the
form of surface water and some of it percolates into the ground as subsurface water. It
is called ground water. Replenishable groundwater potential in India is about 434 billion
cubic meters. The bulk of this is found in the plains of India. So far, we have been able
to utilize only 37% of the available ground water resources.
16. Examine the importance of River Valley Projects in the development of Hydal;
and Irrigational facilities in India?
Ans. A river valley project when serves a number of purposes at a time is called
multipurpose project. Thus river valley projects serve so many purposes such as
irrigation, checking floods, developing hydro-electricity and providing fishing grounds
etc.
The river valley projects are quite important for developing irrigation
facilities. Under these projects dams and canals are constructed. For example, the
Rajasthan canal utilizes the water of Sutlej river irrigates the parched lands to
Rajasthan. Since Independence, the total irrigated area in India has increased to about
four times. Today it is about 85 million hectares. About 38% of the net sown area in
India is under irrigation. Due to these irrigational facilities there is great increase in the
food production.
The river Valley Projects are helpful in the development of hydro
electricity in an number of ways. Firstly, they store water in the rainy season, in the hilly
areas and as such hydroelectricity can be produced through out the year by falling
water from the high head. Secondly, water is a renewable resource so can be used
again and again in the production of electricity for towns, industries and villages and

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fo4r the other uses. Beside these projects also help in providing employment to large
number of people who are still unemployed.
17. Give the Classification of forests or What are the different types of forests
found in the country.
Ans. In India, various types of forests are: Tropical Rain Forests, Tropical Deciduous
Forests, Tropical Thorn Forests and Scrubs, temperate Forests, and Alpine and
Tundra vegetation. For the Purpose of Administration, forests are classified into three
types, namely:
1. Reserved Forests 2. Protected Forests 3. Unclassed Forests.
(a) Reserved forests: Those forests which are permanently earmarked either to
production of timber or other forests produced and in which right of grazing and
cultivation is seldom allowed. Of the total forest cover of India, 54.4% are reserved
forests.
(b) Protected Forests: Protected forests are those forests in which these rights are
allowed subject to a few minor restrictions. Out of total forests cover 29.2% is protected
forests.
(c) Unclassed Forests: These are largely inaccessible forests or unoccupied wastes.
Its percentage is about 16.4%
In India, forests are also classified according to density, namely: dense, open and
mangrove forests. About 59% of the forests area is dense, 40% open and less than 1%
is mangrove forests.
The total area under forests in Jammu and Kashmir State, as recorded during 2001-
2002, is 35640.50 sq.kms, out of which an area of 15410.50 sq.kms is reserved as wild
life area.
18. What is meant by a National Park and Wildlife Sanctuaries? Give examples
from Jammu and Kashmir?
Ans. National Park is a relatively large area where one or several ecosystems exists
and where plant and animal species, geomorphogical sites and habitats are of special
educative and recreative interests. In Jammu and Kashmir national parks are at
Dachigam (Srinagar), Hemis High Altitude Park at Leh and High Altitude Park at
Kishtwar.

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A wildlife Sanctuary is similar to a National park, but is dedicated
to protect wildlife and conserve species. The Wildlife sanctuaries in our state are at
Overa (Phalgam), Ramnagar (Jammu), Nandi (Jammu), Surin Sar, Mansar (Jammu).
Do It Yourself
1. Total Forests cover of India is about _________________ percent.
2. Number of Fish species in India is _____ animals ______ and birds ______.
3. Elephant is a typical animal of the ___________________.
4. Name the National Animal ______________and the national Bird____________
5. The Eastern National Canal; of Uttar Pradesh constructed in ______________
6. Indira Gandhi Canal utilizes waters of _________________________
7. Bhakra Nangal Project is built on river ______________
8. Number of wet lands in our country are ___________________-
9. Dachigam National Park is abode of _________________
10.Total number of National parks in our country are ______________.

Forest and Water Resources - Geography Notes of Class 10th

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Forest and Water Resources - Geography Notes of Class 10th