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Thermal Comfort & Environment
- 1. GETTING HOT UNDER THE COLLAR? WHAT’S THE SET-POINT? Dr Nigel Oseland Swanke Hayden Connell Architects November 2006
- 4. UKCIP – Summer Temperature Change (UKCIP02 Climate Change Scenarios (2005)
- 5. Dissatisfaction & Importance Based on 68 buildings and 7200 responses Important but Satisfied Important and Dissatisfied
- 6. Workplace Likes & Dislikes RyderHKS (2004) Likes Dislikes 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Temp & air-con Layout Lack of space Lack of windows Stairs & lifts % dissatisfied 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Modern, open, light Large windows Location Nothing Period building % satisfied
- 8. Productivity – Tin Plate Production Vernon (1919)
- 9. Productivity – Typist Study Wyon (1974) 9°C
- 10. Productivity – Typist Study Wyon (1974)
- 11. Productivity: Data Processing Kroner, Stark-Martin & Willemain (1992) Productivity change(%) 20 10 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 Move to new building Time (weeks) 5 6 16%
- 13. Productivity: Data Processing Kroner, Stark-Martin & Willemain (1992) Productivity change(%) 20 10 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 Move to new building Time (weeks) 5 6 16% 3%
- 16. Standards - Temperature (met) (1.2) Clothing: Winter = 1 clo (suit), Summer = 0.5 clo (trousers & short-sleeve shirt) ISO 7730 (2005)
- 18. Standards – Temperature Offset ISO 7730 (2005) 0.15 clo = 1°C
- 19. History of Suits
- 26. Adaptation & PMV Oseland, Humphreys, Nicol, Baker and Parsons (1998)
- 27. Adaptation & PMV Oseland, Humphreys, Nicol, Baker and Parsons (1998) Availability of local cooling desk fan ceiling fan opening window Consumption of drink/food cold drinks warm drinks/food Revised temperature Note: no account is taken of the effect of posture, activity vigour or fit of clothing. + 2.8 K + 2.2 K + 1.1 K + 0.9 K - 0.9 K Y Y N
- 29. Adaptation - ASHRAE ASHRAE (2004) UK running mean = 20°C, Jul mean max = 22°C, Jul 2006 highest = 36.5°C Mean monthly outdoor temperature (°C) 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 30 28 26 24 22 20 18 Neutral temperature (°C)
- 30. Adaptation - CIBSE CIBSE (2006) UK running mean = 20°C, Jul mean max = 22°C, Jul 2006 highest = 36.5°C Outdoor running mean temperature (°C) 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 30 28 26 24 22 20 18 heated/cooled Neutral temperature (°C) - free running
- 31. Adaptation Humphreys (1975), (DeDear & Brager (1998) August max mean = 23°CJul 2006 = 36.5°C Neutral temperature ( ° C) Mean daily outdoor temperature (°C) 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 30 28 26 24 22 20 18 free - running heated/cooled Neutral temperature ( ° C)
- 32. Adaptation Oseland (1997) Binned operative temperature ( ° C) 34 32 30 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 Mean reported thermal sensation 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Ventilation: AC (r = 0.83) NV (r = 0.96) Neutral
- 38. Adaptive Attributes Oseland, Humphreys, Nicol, Baker and Parsons (1998)
- 43. Legacy Stock
- 44. Adaptable Buildings Office Hotel Hospital Flat Room 13 m² office 1600 x 800 mm desks 6-person Meeting 12-person Meeting Single Room Double Room 6-person ward 4-person ward 2-person flat 1-person flat Single Room Twin Bedsit 14.4 m 7.2 m
- 46. Adaptable Reuse
- 47. Demand for Large Floorplates Northgate HQ2 More House 201 Bishopsgate 10 Bishops Square
- 48. Vicious Circle of Blame Property Environment Group (1992) Occupiers “ We would like to have sustainable offices, but few are being built” Constructors “ We can build sustainable offices, but the developers don’t ask for them” Investors “ We would fund sustainable buildings , but there is no demand for them” Developers “ We would ask for sustainable offices, but the investors won’t pay for them”
- 49. Vicious Circle of Blame Property Environment Group (1992) Occupiers “ We would like to have sustainable offices, but few are being built” Constructors “ We can build sustainable offices, but the developers don’t ask for them” Investors “ We would fund sustainable buildings , but there is no demand for them” Developers “ We would ask for sustainable offices, but the investors won’t pay for them”
- 52. THANK YOU Dr Nigel Oseland Swanke Hayden Connell Architects [email_address] nigel@aleximarmot.com
Editor's Notes
- Low emissions = 3 deg higher in summer High emissions = 5 deg higher in summer And less rain
- Tailoring developed gradually in Europe between the twelfth and fourteenth centuries. During King Louis XIV's reign, around 1650, men had stopped wearing the doublet, hose, and cloak and started to wear coats, vests, and breeches which we can recognise three components of modern male attire. By the start of the 1800's kings, consorts, and princes were dressing in a restrained manner identical to their subjects. Shift from dressing for concealing body to accentuate physical to practical to sporty, shift from emphasis on cloth to fit.
- Junichiro Koizumi, the Prime Minister 28 deg from June to September Estimated reduction of CO2 was approximately 460 thousand - equivalent to the amount of CO2 emitted from approximately one million households for one month.
- Siesta to avoid hottest part of day More control over environment at home
- W do like building lareg florplates Floor to wall efficiency, lower cost Maximise space Helps keep rents down But is it quality space? Plus limited use Market demand – large floorplates for city workers Key worker – government intervention Fire escape – separate core issue
- W do like building lareg florplates Floor to wall efficiency, lower cost Maximise space Helps keep rents down But is it quality space? Plus limited use Market demand – large floorplates for city workers Key worker – government intervention Fire escape – separate core issue
- W do like building lareg florplates Floor to wall efficiency, lower cost Maximise space Helps keep rents down But is it quality space? Plus limited use Market demand – large floorplates for city workers Key worker – government intervention Fire escape – separate core issue
- W do like building lareg florplates Floor to wall efficiency, lower cost Maximise space Helps keep rents down But is it quality space? Plus limited use Market demand – large floorplates for city workers Key worker – government intervention Fire escape – separate core issue
- W do like building lareg florplates Floor to wall efficiency, lower cost Maximise space Helps keep rents down But is it quality space? Plus limited use Market demand – large floorplates for city workers Key worker – government intervention Fire escape – separate core issue