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            2004   .
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3.1
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5.11.                   ‹‹                                                                         ››
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                                 4urcomment@gmail.com




                     9
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1.1.                         A           E                           A
       2003 (                                I                  A                        )
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                                                           21/2004                        A
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                                     12
1. U                               11.
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3. U    I                          13.     U
4. U    A                          14.
5. U                               15.
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                                15
1.1.
     S<eK=S< w[}cw uRU’~ U¡”Áƒ ¾}KÁ¿ Ý“−‹ R“
ßq“−‹ c=ð^[luƒ ¯S¨ƒ ›eqØbM:: uIÑ-S”Ó ~ ¾çÅk¨<
¾RU’ƒ ’í’ƒ S<eK=S< uÅK<” u¨]¡’ƒ R”ÅT>Áck`Kƒ }eó
›É[Ô ’u`:: IÑ-S”Óe~ ŸSÓu=Á¨< ËUa K²S“ƒ ÁS[k²¨<”
¾S<eK=S<” leM ¾ð¨c R“ u¨]¡ ¾}’ðѨ<” ’é’ƒ ÁÔ“çð ’¨<::
u²=IU U¡”Áƒ S<eK=S< RU’~” u’é’ƒ ¾S}Óu` Sw~ uIÑ
S”Óe~ ›”kê R”Ç=cõ` U¡”Áƒ KJ’¨< Ѹ¨< û`+ S<K<
ÉÒñ” c=cØ qÃ…M:: u}KÁ¿ GÑ^© U`Ý−‹ LÃU ÃI
¾S<eK=S< ÉÒõ uÓMê }”çv`q ¨Ã…M:: ›G<”U µKñƒ S]−‹
w‰ dÃJ” µK<ƒ }nªT> û`+−‹U u}hK Ѹ¨< û`+ ¾°U’ƒ
’í’ƒ R”ÅT>cØ S<eK=S< ÁU“M:: Ÿp`w Ñ>²? ¨Ç=I Ó”
¾S<eK=S<” ›sU ¾T>g[i ¡e}„‹ Se}ªM ËU[ªM:: ¾‹Ó
U”ß R“ S”e›?¨<U ¾›=ƒÄåÁ ReMU“ Ñ<ÇÄ‹ ÖpLà U¡` u?ƒ
’¨<::
   ¾ReMU“ Ñ<ÇÄ‹ ÖpLà U¡` u?ƒ ¾S<eK=S<” IÑ-S”Óe¨©
Swƒ ¾TeŸu`' S”Óeƒ KGÑ` cLU R“ °Éу uT>Á¨×†¨<
°pÊ‹ S<eK=S<” ›Ò` GÃM ›É`Ô ¾       R“ uS<eK=S< R“
uS”Óeƒ SµŸMU SMµU Ó”–<’ƒ R”Ç=•` ¾TÉ[Ó ŸvÉ
 Lò’ƒ ¾}gŸS }sU ’¨<:: J•U ¾S”ÓeƒU J’ ¾S<eK=S<”
õLÔƒ TETELƒ dËM G<Kƒ ›e`ƒ ›S¨ƒ” uŸ”~ ›dM÷M::
Ÿp`w Ñ>²? ¨Ç=I ÅÓV Øó~ R¾u[¨ KMTƒ ¾}ssS¨< SÏK=e
u¡óƒ }Óv` LÃ uS<K< GÃK< }eT`…M::S<eK=S<” ŸS<eK=S<&
S<eK=S<” ŸK?L RU’ƒ }Ÿ¨Ã R“ ŸS”Óeƒ Ò` ¾T>ÁÒÛ I´w”
R`e u`e ¾T>ÁóÌ SÓKÝ−‹ R“ S[Í−‹ uTc^Úƒ I´w”
RÁ¨Ÿ ÃÑ—M::
   H>Å~ ÁcÒ¨< S<eK=S< T u[cw Ñ<Ç¿ ¨Å Ÿó Å[Í ŸSÉ[c<
uòƒ ¾T>Ÿ}K<ƒ feƒ ¾Ò^ ¾I´w ØÁo−‹ KS”Óeƒ
R”Ç=Ák`u<Kƒ K›e^ cvƒ c−‹ ¨<¡M“¨<” uò`T¨< cØ…M::

1. ¾›=ƒÄåÁ ReMU“ Ñ<ÇÄ‹ ÖpLà U¡` u?ƒ (SÏK=e) ›S^a‹
   uS<K< ¾I´u S<eK=S< ¨<¡M“ ¾K?L†¨< uSJ’< uI´u
   S<cK=S< uT>S[Ö< ›S^a‹ Ã}Ÿ<M”::

                         16
2.          A       I                        E
         A    A
3. ›¨K=Á ¾I´u S<eK=S< ’é }sU J• R”Ç=kØM SÏK=e RÌ”
   Á”d::
                            ............
     1. ¾›=ƒÄåÁ ReMU“ Ñ<ÇÄ‹ ÖpLà U¡` u?ƒ (SÏK=e)
        ›S^a‹ uS<K< ¾I´u S<eK=S< ¨<¡M“ ¾K?L†¨<
        uSJ’< uI´u S<cK=S< uT>S[Ö< ›S^a‹ Ã}Ÿ<M”::

    ¾›=ƒÄåÁ ReMU“ Ñ<ÇÄ‹ ÖpLà U¡` u?ƒ (SÏK=e)
›=ƒÄåÁ©Á” S<eK=V‹ Sw¨‹” ßu`     ¾NÃT•ƒ RŸ<M’ƒ
Ãeð” uT>K¨< ØÁoÁ†¨< Sc[ƒ u1968 uÅ`Ó ²S’ S”Óeƒ
uÃó }Sc[}:: uÑ>²?¨< }sS<” ¾T>Sƒ R“ ¾T>Áe}ÇɃ
ÓKcx‹ uS<eK=S< TIu[cw ¡w` R“ ›S’@¨ ¾’u^†¨< ’u::
uH>Ń Ó” }sS< u›”vÑ’’< Å`Ó ²S”  ¾’u[¨<” ¡w` R”£”
Á×uƒ }Úvß Là Å[c::
   uIÑ S”Óe¨‹” Ÿ}Å’ÑÑ<ƒ ›”kë‹ ›”Æ S]−‹U J’<
}¨ Ä‹ Ç=V¡^c=Á© uJ’ SMŸ< SS[Ø       R”ÇKv†¨< ’¨<::
u›=ƒÄåÁ ReMU“ Ñ<ÇÄ‹ ÖpLà U¡` u?ƒ (SÏK=e) Ó” U`Ý
Ÿ}µH@Å ›e^ cvƒ ¯S¨ƒ” ›eqØbM:: S]−‡ uI´w
µKSS[׆¨< u}ÚT] uÕa u` Ñw}¨< ¾}kSÖ<uƒ ¨”u`
¾T>ÖÃk¨<” ¾HÃT•ƒU J’ ¾›KT©> R¨<kƒ ¾K?L†¨< “†¨<::
  S<eK=S< S”Óe~” ¾SU[Ø Swƒ }cØ„ƒ ¾HÃT•ƒ
}sS<” ¾T>S ÓKcx‹” ¾SU[Ø Swƒ ¾S’ðÑ< R”qpMi
ŸSLUƒ ÁKð SMe ›Ø„K¨M:: }sS< K›e^ cvƒ ¯S¨ƒ
U`Ý ›KTµH@Æ w‰ dÃJ” S<eK=S< ¾}eTTuƒ ¾U`Ý e`œƒ
R” ¾K?K¨< ’¨<::
   ŸI´w U`Ý R“ õLÔƒ ¨<Ü eM×’<” ¾}q“ÖÖ<ƒ ›µLƒU
}sS<” KS”ÓeƒU J’ KI´u S<eK=S< R”ÇÃÖpU ›É`Ѩ<
›¢Li}¨<¨M:: SÏK=e I´u S<eK=S<” uT’nnƒ R“ ¾S”Óeƒ”
¾MTƒ °pÉ ›Ò» uTÉ[Ó uGÑ]… ›=¢•T> Là ›e}ªê* Tu`Ÿƒ
ÃÖupuƒ ’u`:: ¾GÑ]…” SMµU Ñê¨ K¯KU uTe}ª¨p ~]´U
R“ ¾¨<ß GÑ` ›=”ye}a‹ ¨Å HÑ^‹” R”Ç=Ñu< uTÉ[Ó [ÑÉ
K=ݨ}¨< ¾T>‹K¨< T>“U Ÿõ}— ’u`:: ’Ñ` Ó” SÍ=K=e ŸK?KA‹

                         17
}sTƒ u}hK ›e}ªê* Tu`Ÿƒ R¾‰K u¨]Ÿ< KGÑ]…U J’
KS<eK=S< TIu[cw ¾T>ðÃÉ lU ’Ñ` Se^ƒ ›M‰KU::
    }Ÿvwa ¾S•`” vIM uTÔMuƒU [ÑÉ SÏK=e T>“ ¾K¨<U::
¾}ݨ}¨< ›¨”                ›=eLU uS<eK=S< SµŸMU J’
ŸK?L EU’ƒ }Ÿ¨Ã Ò`    }vwa KS•` ¾T>Áe‹M É”p     ¨]¡
R“ ›e}UIa        ’¨<:: SÍ=K=e Ó” ÃI”” ›e}dcw uI´u<
KTe[ê wnƒU J’ õLÔƒ R”ÅK?K¨< }Óv um Ue¡` ’¨<::
   SÏK=e ¾®<KV‹ U¡` u?ƒ” uTUŸ” T>³“©“ ƒ¡¡K— ¾J’¨<”
¾›=eLU ›e}UIa KS<eK=S< ¾T>Áe}LMõ }œT’>’ƒ ÁK¨< R“
 Lò’ƒ ¾T>cT¨< ›µM R”ÇÕ` ›É`ÕM:: SÏK=e     R¾}S^
ÁK¨< x               ¾HÃT•ƒ R¨<kƒ uK?L†¨< ÓKcx‹
uSJ’< ¾I´w ›S’@¨ ›Ó˜}¨< I´u<” Te}T`U J’ SU^ƒ
›M‰K<U::
    ›=ƒÄåÁ  ¨LLp ¾GÃT•ƒ ›v„‹ ¾T>Ñ–<vƒ HÑ` “ƒ:: ’Ñ`
Ó” SÏK=e ¾}¨c’<ƒ” uTÓMM R“ ¾}kƒ u[Hw R“ R`³ƒ
c=cn¿ ‹L uTKƒ ¯LT¨<” ¾T>ÁcðêS<Kƒ Ømƒ “®<KV‹”” w‰
cwex SÖkT>Á ›É`Õ†ªM:: u²=IU U¡”Áƒ uS”Óeƒ ²”É
 Lò’ƒ ¾T>cT¨<    uI´w }œT’>’ƒ ÁK¨<   ¾I´u S<eK=S<”
›SKµŸƒ ›p×Ý ¾T>Áeô“ ¾T>Ñ^ T°ŸM K=•` ›M‰KU::
uS<eK=S< SµŸM KT>ðÖ Ÿ›=eLU ¨<Ü ¾J’< ÔÍ= ›e}dcx‹
µK< ¨ÃU ¨Åòƒ u=ðÖ ŸSÏK=e ¨<Ü T”U }ÖÁm K=J”
›Ã‹MU:: ¾®<KTR U¡` u?ƒ G<K<”U ¾HÃT•ƒ ›v„‹” Áµ}}
uTÉ[Ó uI´u< ›S’@¨ ÁL†¨< ¾HÃT•ƒ ›v„‹ R”Ç=Sƒ R“
I´u< Ÿ›”É ŸT>ÁU’¨< T°ŸM ƒ¡¡K—¨<” ›=eLU R”Ç=[Ç
vKSÅ[Ñ< KT>ðÖ ¾›SKµŸƒ Içë‹ }ÖÁm¨< ›µM SÍ=K=e w‰
’¨<:: u}KÁ¿ ›µvu=−‹ ¾T>¨¿ Óß„‹U SÏK=e        Lò’~”
u›Óvu< vKS¨×~ ¾}Ÿc~ “†¨<:: uIÑ-S”Óc~ õƒI” KTeð”
¾T>Áe‹K< ›”kë‹ ¾cð u=J”U u›eðéT>¨< ›µLƒ ¾}KÁ¿
‹Óa‹ S<eK=S< Sw~ E¾}Ñó R“ uÅM R¾Å[cuƒ ÃÑ—M::
S<eK=S<U uÅK?” õƒH© uJ’ SMŸ< SÏK=e ÁeðêUM—M ¾T>M
RU’ƒ eKK?K¨< G<K<U uÓK< SõƒH@ ¾ScK¨<” c=ðêU
Ãe}ªLM:: wf~”U KSÏK=e c=Ák`w ¾T>ÁÑ–¨< ULi K?L l߃
¾T>¨MÉ uSJ’< }eó ¾Sl[Ø eT@ƒ ¨<eØ ÃÑvM:: ÃIU
›LeðLÑ> ¨ÅJ’< Óß„‹ ¨<eØ KSÓvƒ U¡”Áƒ ÃJ“M::
                        18
SÏK=e u^c< ¡õƒƒ ¾}ðÖ ‹Óa‹ R“ Óß„‹ uK?L ¨Ñ”
Là uTLŸ¡ ¾u<É” R“ ¾›SKµŸƒ ‹Ó` KTeScM ÃV¡^M::
S<eK=S< Ó” u¾ƒ—¨<U ›µvu= ¾}ðÖ Óß„‹ SÏK=e
¾T>Öupuƒ” GÃT•¨©U J’ ›e}ÇÅ^© ULg vKSeÖ~ ¾}Ÿc~
uSJ“†¨< ¾›=ƒÄåÁ ReMU“ Ñ<ÇÄ‹ ÖpLà U¡` u?ƒ (SÏK=e)
}ÖÁm ’¨< ¾T>M RU’ƒ ›K¨<::
   K?L¨< ŸSÏK=e Ò` }Áõ ¾T>’d¨< ¾I´w ØÁo ¾S”Óeƒ
×Mn Ñw’ƒ ’¨<:: S”Óeƒ cLU” ¾T>ÁÅð`c< }Úvà‹ c=Ÿc~
×Mn SÓv~ ›Óvw’ƒ ÁK¨< }Óv` ’¨<:: uS<eK=S< }sU R“
uS<eK=S< TIu[cw Là ÁK¨< ¾S”Óeƒ ×Mn Ñw’ƒ Ó” ›K<¨©
×Mn Ñw’ƒ ¾T>SeK< “†¨<:: S”Óeƒ IÑ-S”Óe~” ¾T>é[`
›K<¨© ×Mn Ñw’ƒ SðçU ›KSðçS< ŸT>SKŸ¨†¨< ›µLƒ Ò`
ŸIÓ R“ ŸIÓ ƒ`ÕT@ ›”é` T¾ƒ R”ÅT>ÁeðMÓ RS<” ’¨<:: ’Ñ`
Ó” I´u S<eK=S< IÑ-S”Óeƒ }ØdDM S”Óeƒ ›K<¨© ×Mn
Ñw’ƒ ðêTEM ¾T>M eT@ƒ ›ÇwbM:: eT@~ R¨<’ƒ’ƒ µK¨<:
S”Óeƒ R`Uƒ K=ÁÅ`Óuƒ ¾I´w eT@ƒ S¨[U µKuƒ ÅÓV
S”Óeƒ Tw^]Á R“ ULi K=cØuƒ ÃÑvM::
   S<eK=S< ›”Ç”È ¾T>ÁÒØS<ƒ” ¾õƒI S³v„‹ ¾›eðéT>
›µLƒ ‹Ó` ’¨< wKA ›dM÷M:: ›G<” Ó” uS<eK=S< LÃ IÑ-
S”Óe~” ¾T>é[ }Óv^ƒ ¾T>ÁŸ“¨<’<ƒ uT>’>eƒ` Å[Í ÁK<
vKeMדƒ uSJ“†¨< Ó`¨ ðØau¨M::
   IÓ ›eŸv]¨< R“ IÑ S”Óe~” KTêÅp Seª°ƒ’ƒ ¾ŸðK¨<
›µM IÑ-S”Óe~” R¾×c ’¨< ¾T>K¨< ¾I´w eT@ƒ SkÖK< ŸIÓ
¾uLÃ ¾T>J” ›µM ¾KU IÓ R“ IÑ S”Óeƒ ŸKL ÃJ’<—M&
¾T>K¨< RU’ƒ Öõ„ I´w” eÒƒ ¨<eØ eKT>Ÿƒ R`Tƒ ¨ÃU
ULi u=cØuƒ uS<eK=S< R“ uS”Óeƒ SµŸM LK¨< SMµU
Ó”–<’ƒ ›e}ªê* Õ[ªM::
   ›K<¨© ×Mn Ñw’~ u›−”¨© }kÃa S”Óeƒ ÉÒñ”
ŸØmƒ ÓKcx‹ ¨Å I´w Á²<`:: S”Óeƒ uU`ÝU ÃG<” uK?L
I´v© ÉÒö‹” uT>ðMÓv†¨< }ÚvŒ‹ I´u< ÉÒñ” ÃeØ::
S”ÓeƒU S<eK=S<” eÒƒ ›É`Ô ŸTcw ›Ò` ›É`Ô uSÁ´
KT>’c< kLM ¾õƒI R“ ¾’é’ƒ ØÁo−‹ ULi ÃeØ:: u²=IU
¾Ò`Äi eT@ƒ R“ ƒww` TÇu` ÉLM ¾T>K< eT@„‹ ›w³—¨<
S<eK=U u}KÁ¿ SÉ[¢‹ R“ ¨<ÃÄ‹ ¾T>Á”çv`n†¨< Gdx‹
                        19
“†¨<::¾}sT‹” S]−‹” u’é’ƒ R”U[Ø ¾T>K¨< ØÁoU ÃI”
eT@ƒ Á’Ñu ’¨<::
   ¾›=ƒÄåÁ ReMU“ Ñ<ÇÄ‹ ÖpLà U¡` u?ƒ (SÏK=e)
¾S”Óeƒ”U ¾I´u S<eK=S<”U õLÔƒ ¾T>ÁTEL TÉ[Ó Ã‰LM
¾T>M RU’ƒ ›K::
   S”Óeƒ ¾GÑ]…” cLU R“ RÉу ¾SÖup    Lò’ƒ ¾}×Kuƒ
›µM R”ÅSJ’< }sS<” KI´w ’é TÉ[Ñ< Là ÁK¨< eÒƒ ƒ¡¡M
vÃJ”U ›Óvvw ’¨<:: ¾I´u< õLÔƒ S”Óeƒ” ŸeÒƒ ’é
ŸTÉ[ÓU ›Mö ¾I´u S<eK=S<” õLÔƒ ¾T>ÁTEL R“ ¾S”Óeƒ
›Ò` ¾J’ }sU R”Ç=Sc[ƒ ’¨<:: ÃI” ¯Ã’ƒ }sU uI´u
S<eK=S< R“ uS”Óeƒ p”’ƒ R“ ÓMê’ƒ u}VLuƒ ¨<ÃÃ
R¨<” TÉ[Ó Ã‰LM:: ¨<ÃÃ~” ¨<Ö?¨T KTÉ[Ó Ó” ¾Reƒ^}Í=
dÃJ” ¾›SKµŸƒ K¨<Ø TU׃ ÃðMÒM:: ¾›SKµŸƒ K¨<Ö<
¾T>Sר<   S}TS”     c=ðÖ`  eKJ’  S<eK=S<  TIu[cw
¾S”Óeƒ” eÒƒ ›e¨ÓÊ S}TS” R”Ç=cõ” uTÉ[Ñ< H>Ń LÃ
›c}ªê* Tu`Ÿƒ Õ`u¨M:: I´u< S”Óeƒ K¨<Ãà u”
ŸŸð} Ÿp ŸSð^^ƒ k`x ¨Å SÓvu~ ÃK¨×M ¾T>M }eó
›K¨<::
   Ÿ’²=I Sc[¨© Hdx‹ uS’dƒ I´u S<eK=S< SÏK=e”
uT>SKŸƒ ¾T>Ÿ}K<ƒ ›^ƒ Ñ<Ç¿‹ uS”Óeƒ SõƒH@ R”Ç=cÖ¨<
ØÁo¨<” Ák`vM::
  G-   uI´w ÁM}S[Ö< R“ I´u<” ¾Tè¡K<ƒ          ¾SÏK=e
       ›S^a‹ uI´w uT>S[Ö< S]−‹ Ã}Ÿ<M”::
  K- uIÑ-¨Ø S”ÑÉ ¾I´w ¨<¡M“ dÕ^†¨< “RÁe}ÇÅ” LK<
      ÓKcx‹ ›”Ç”É ¾S”Óeƒ ›µKƒ ¾T>cÖ<ƒ IÒ© ió”
      ÃlUM”::
  N-   ¾®<KV‹ U¡` u?ƒ     G<K<”U   ¾GÃT•ƒ   ›v„‹   ›µ„
       E”Ç=ssU ÃÅ[ÓM”::

  S- uSÏK=e ›Tµ˜’ƒ u›=ƒÄåÁ S<eK=V‹ Là uÓÉ R¾}Ý’
     ÁK¨< ¾›Ivi ›e}dcw ÃlUM”::




                          20
›Tµ      u›=ƒÄ
  2. uSÏK=e ›Tµ˜’ƒ u›=ƒÄåÁ S<eK=V‹ Là uÓÉ
     R¾}Ý’ ÁK¨< ¾›Ivi ›e}dcw ÃlUM”::

     ›Ivi R”ÅT”—¨<U ›e}dcw IÑ-S”Óe~ u›Ô“çð¨<
     ¾RU’ƒ ’é’ƒ }ÖpV ›SKŸŸ~” T^SÉ R“ S}Óu`
     ËLM::
   ¾R’@” ›SKµŸƒ µM}kuK¡ wKA TeÑÅÉ Ó” u¨]¡ ¡`eƒ“”
µM}kuM¡ wK¨< c=ÑÉK< R“ c=ÁdÉÆ Ÿ’u ›”vÑ’” S]−‹
}Óv` ¾p`ê R”Í= ¾Ã²ƒ K¨<Ø ¾K?K¨< IÑ-S”Óe~” ¾T>é[`
¾Óõ }Óv` ’¨<::
    SÏK=e K›S¨ƒ ›e}dcu<” c=Ác^ß Ømƒ ÅÒò R” ”
TÓ–ƒ ÁM‰K¨<” ›Ivi” µM}kuL‹G< uTKƒ w²<H’<” S<eK=U
RÁeÑÅÅ ’¨<:: ›SKµŸ~” ÁM}kuK¨<”U uT¨<Ñ´ R“ uTð”
¾K?L¨<” ¾RU’ƒ ’é’ƒ ¾SÒóƒ ›=-õƒH© }Óv` R¾ðçS ÃÑ—
M:: ¾Ømƒ ÓKcx‹” ÉÒõ R” ” TÓ–ƒ ¾}d’¨< ¾›Ivi u<É”
¾S”Óeƒ” R“ ¾SÏK=e” ÉÒõ }Ñ” ›É`Ô uw²<H’< S<eK=U
TIu[cw Là ݓ R“ iw` R¾ðÖ[ ’¨<::
   ›Ivi ›SKµŸ~” I´u S<eK=S< Là ŸSÝ” ›Mö S<eK=S<
RU’~” u’é’ƒ KTµH@É ¾Ñ’v†¨<” SeÍ=Ê‹ R“ SÉ[d−‹”
¾SkTƒ&I´u S<eK=S< ¾S[׆¨<” ›=TV‹ ¾Sk¾` R“
¾Teð^^ƒ IÓ vKuƒ HÑ` K=ðçS< ¾TËK< ¾uÅM }Óva‹”
RÁŸ“¨’ ÃÑ—M::
Ÿ²=IU uS’dƒ S<eK=S< ›Ivi” uT>SKŸƒ u¨ŸL†¨< ÓKcx‹
›Tµ˜’ƒ ¾T>Ÿ}K<ƒ ›^ƒ ’Øx‹ R”Ç=k`u<Kƒ ÖÃsM::
  G- ueMÖ“U ÃG<” uTeð^^ƒ ¾›Ivi” ›SKµŸƒ ›eÑÉÊ
    ¾   ØSl }Óv` ÃlUM”
  K- ›=TV‹ (›cÒЋ) &S<¯²=•‹ (¾cLƒ Ø] ›É^Ñ>−‹) R“
     ¾SeÍ=É ¢T> −‹ ¾›Ivi” ›SKµŸƒ µM}kuL‹G< uT>M
     ¾T>Å`ev†¨< ³‰& Ÿe^ Tv[` R“ ¾eU TØóƒ ¨<”ËL
     ÃlU
  N- S<eK=S< uw²< ƒÓM ¾Ñ’v†¨<” SeÍ=Ê‹   SÉ[d−‹ R“

                        21
}sTƒ” ¾SkTƒ õƒI ¾ÔÅK¨< }Óv` ÃlU::
  S- Ømƒ ÅÒò R” ” Tõ^ƒ ÁM‰K¨<” ¾›Ivi ›SKµŸƒ”
      KTeóóƒ S”Óeƒ ¾Á²¨< °pÉ ŸI´w Ò` ¾T>Ánp` R“
      ¾IÑ-S”Óe~” ›”kê 27 ¾T>Øe }Óv` uSJ’< S”Óeƒ
      ÉÒñ” ¨Å w²<H’< S<eK=U ÁÉ`Ó::


3. ›¨K=Á ¾I´u S<eK=S< ’é }sU J• R”Ç=kØM SÏK=e
   RÌ” Á”d::
    ›¨K=Á R.›.›. u1950 u›”É ›=ƒÄåÁ© ÓKcw }Sc[}:: u1975
T>i’] ƒUI`ƒ u?ƒ uSJ” °¨<p“ ›Ñ–:: u1977 ¾I´u S<eK=S<
Gwƒ J• ux`É S}ÇÅ` ËS[:: ›G<” ›¨K=Á ¾T>јuƒ Óu=U
¾I´w ŸJ’ u%EL x`Æ ¾}[Ÿu¨< ’¨<:: ReŸ p`w Ñ>²? u}KÁ¿
¾¨<Ü É`Ï„‹ c=[Ç ¾’u[ u=J”U ”w[ƒ’~ ¾I´u S<eK=S< R”Í=
¾É`Ï„‡ ›M’u[U:: up`u< u›¨K=Á ¢U¿’>+ ¾¨<eØ ‹Ó`
U¡”Áƒ ›¨K=Á KK?L › M }LMፎ ScÖቱ ŸT”U uLà S<eK=S<”
¾T>Áe¨pe SJ’< ÓMê ’¨<:: I´u S<eK=S< u›¨K=Á ²<`Á ÁK¨<
Sc[¨© ØÁo S”Óeƒ }sS<” uTÑÉ R“ KK?L ›dMö uTe[Ÿu<
Là ¾ðçT†¨< IÒ© H>Å„‹ Là ›ÃÅKU:: ¾I´u< ØÁo uT>Ÿ}K<ƒ
feƒ Sc[¨© ’Øx‹ ²<`Á ¾T>ÁÖ’Ø” ’¨<::
 1. ›¨K=Á ¾I´u S<eK=S< Gwƒ R”ÅSJ’< KI´w K=SKe
    c=Ñv¨< ›MS[Ø“†¨<U    ›Ã¨¡K<”U uT>L†¨< ÓKcx‹
    KT>S^ }sU ScÖ~
 2. IÑ ¨Ø uJ’ SMŸ< ¾}q×Öƒ” ¾S<eK=S<” }sU uw²<
    T>K=¾” ¾T>qÖ` w` Su´u^†¨< um S[Í ¾}Ñ–v†¨<
    ›µLƒ Kõ`É K=k`u< c=Ñv†¨< ›¨K=Á” R”Ç=Áe}ÇÉ
    SÅ[Ñ<
 3. }Sddà vI] R“ ¯LT ÁL†¨< ÓKcx‹ K›e^ cvƒ ¯S¨ƒ
    R¾}ð^[l ŸI´w ¾kS<ƒ” }sU Te}ÇÅ` R”ÇM‰K<
    S”ÓeƒU I´wU u}Óv` ›Ã…†ªM:: K’²=G< ¾›e}ÇÅ`
    R¨<kƒU J’ ¡IKAƒ KK?L†¨< ÓKcx‹ ›¨K=Á” u}ÚT]
    R”Ç=Áe}ÇÉ ScÖ~ IK=“U J’ IÓ ¾TÃÅÓð¨< }Óv`
    ’¨< ¾T>M ’¨<::

                          22
R’²=I” Sc[ƒ ›É`Ô ›¨K=Á KSÏK=e ScÖƒ ›M’u[uƒU
¾T>M p_¨ ¾’u[¨< S<eK=S< p_¨¨<” ¨Å }n¨<V ¾T>kÃ`
uÅM }ÚS[uƒ::
  G- ›¨K=Á” ê”ð— ¾J’¨<” ¾›Ivi ›”Í TeóõÁ T°ŸM
     KTÉ[Ó R”penc? SËS
  K- É`Ï~” ¾SU^ƒ ¾V^MU J’ ¾¡IKAƒ wnƒ R”ÅK?L†¨<
     uÓMê uT>Ádà SMŸ< IÓ R“ Å”w” ¾×c SUI^” R“
     c^}™” ¾Tv[` }Óv`     ŸSÏK=eU ¨<eØ
     ¾TÃSKŸ}¨< ›µM uT”›Kw˜’ƒ SðçS<
  N- IÒ© R“ cLT© KJ’¨< ¾}T]−‹ R“ ¾I´w ØÁo
    ›”vÑ’“© R“ ”kƒ ¾}VLuƒ ULi ScÖ~
  S- KGÑ` RÉу vK<uƒ ¾e^ Se¡ ›e}ªê* uTu`Ÿƒ LÃ
    ÁK< ›¨K=Á Áð^‰†¨< ÓKcx‹” R“ SUI^” eU TØó~
    R“ }sS<” ¾›gv] SðMòÁ wKA S¨”ËK< SÏK=e
    ›¨K=Á” KS[Ÿw ¾›e}ÇÅ`U J’ ¾e’-UÓv` wnƒ
    R”ÅK?K¨< I´u S<eK=S< R`ÓÖ— R”Ç=J” R“ }n¨<V¨<”
    R”Ç=ÁcT ÁÅ[Ѩ< }Úvß ’¨<::
Ÿ²=IU uS’dƒ S<eK=S< ›¨K=Á”     uT>SKŸƒ   ¾T>Ÿ}K<ƒ
ØÁo−‹” KS”Óeƒ Ák`vM:-
  1. SÏK=e S<K< KS<K< RÌ” Ÿ›¨K=Á R”Ç=Á¨×“ S”Óeƒ
     ¾ST` Te}T` H>Å~ R“ }sS< ¾T>c׆¨< ›ÑMÓKA„‹
     ucLU   R”Ç=Ÿ“¨’<  G<’@ −‹  ¨        R”Ç=SKe
     ÁÉ`ÓM”
  2. ›¨K=Á ¾I´w R”ÅSJ’< KI´u S<eK=S< ÃSKe:: ¾T>K<
     “†¨<::




                       23
E
                                                       A
A    E
                                                                   ‹‹A           ››
     A
                                  A                    E
     A       A        A                            /       E
    A
E                                              A                         23/2004

                  A                                                E
                                                       E       E
E                             A

E                                 A
                                                               E
                          A
                                                                         E
             05/2004
     E
                                                                   (8)



A
                                       A                   ‹‹                E
                 A                         A           A
         E
E    E           ››                                        E
A   E        A
                                                           “
                                  24
E                      ”
        26/2004                               E                A


                                                                                26
                                                  U                         7/2004
                    A                     E       A                        E
        A               A
A                               A
                                 E
A                                 A

A       E                                                  A
                                                                   A
A                       A                                              E
                        E                                      A
                                                                           E
E                                                                      A
A                           A

E
            A       A                                 E
                E                                      A
                                              A                                      A
                                                                                      A

        14/2004                       A                                         A
    A                                                                      E   A
                                A                              E

                                                                                 A
            A
E               A           A
                                          25
A               E
A                                                      (                26/2004) E


     E                         26
                     A                             A                                             I

                                           E                            A

                                                   E
A                                                                                        A

                 A                                             40



E                                              A

                                                                                     -
    1.                   A         /                                    / /      /
    2.                    A            A
         (                 )
    3.       /                                                          I
    4.                   A
    5.                   A                                     A         A                   A
    6.                    A        A                                                 I

    7.       I                     A
    8.           E             E                                             …
                                                           E                                     -




                                                                   26
‹       A               A               ›
                                       A
                                   A               E
               A


                                                                              2004
                                                                          A    A
2.1.
2.1.
                   A                                               I
           E                                                            I. .A. .
                                               I                          A
E                                                                              A
E                          A
I. .A. .
                       A       E
                                   I                   E


       I. .A. .        E                           E

                                           E       A                          A
A

                                               A           E
               A                                                   A
A                                  E                                           A
                                                                              E
               E                       A                           I-              I-
                                                                              A
          E


                                       27
I
                                                                                  A
    E                                                                     I           E
                                    (                )
                                                 A                                        A
E           E                                                    A



                        A                   E
                                                 E       E            E
            A                                            A
                    A                                                A
                                  A                          E
                                                      E                   E
                                                                     E                A



            E
            E                 A
                                                          ‹‹         ››
        A                   ‹‹A
A                       E                        ››
                E                                                             A
                        I
                        A                                A                        E


                    E           A
                A               A
A                                       A
                                                 A                                    A
                                                 E

                                            28
E


2.2.
2.2.                     ‹       A                A               ›


    2.2.1.
    2.2.1.     I
                             A
       I                                                              E        1966
A                                                     4 1968 E
‹‹ I             E                            ››

E                        E                                A
                                                  A           E                   -

                                 A
                                          A
           A
           A         E           A        E                            ( I
O                                             )       A

                         A
               E     A                                    A
                                                                  A        A

                         A                                            A
                                      E                                A
       E             E




                                     29
2.2.2.
     2.2.2.                                         E       E   E                        E
                              A            A
                               A                                                         A

E                         E                    E
                          E            A                                 I
                  E                        A            I                                              E
E                          A       A                                                             A
              E           E
                  E                                                              A

                                       A
                      E                                                          E           E
                                                                             A
                                                                                                  E
E             A
                                                                    A        A
A                                                                    E                       A
                                                                E        A       A
A                                          E
                                                                        A
E                     E        E
                                           A
          E                                                         A
E                                                                                    E
 A                                                                  E                    A
                                                                                                   E
                                                                    E                              E
                                                                     E                            E
                          I                                                 A                      E
                                                                                                 A

                                               30
A            A                                 A           A

                                             E

                                                                                   E
            A                                              A                   E
                                                                   A
                                                               A       E



                                                  A            E
A                                                      E
                    E                   A             A
                                                                                       A
                                                  E                E
A
                                             E                     E
            A                                         ‹‹
        E                               ››
                                                       E
                                                           A
                                            I              E
    E                               A                                                      E
                                                                                   E
A               E                   A
                        E                                                  E
        E                   E
                                                           E
                A
                    E
                                                       E

                                                 31
E                                             ‹‹E
A           ›› E                           E                              A
                                          A                                                          E
                            A                                                                E

                                      E                           A
                        E       ‹‹                  A                 A
            E                     A                  ››


    2.2.3.
    2.2.3.


        I                                                                                A
                                A

I. . .              -                                     A
                                                                                         E
 I. . .             -                 A         27 ‹‹
E                               A
                            E                                                                    E

                                                                                    ››
        A          27                                                 E
                                                          A
    A                                                         E
                -
                A                               E                 E                          -
A
                                E          ‹‹                     E           ››
                A


                                                32
A
             ‹‹                           ››                           E                            -
                                                                   E
                              A                                E       -
1.                                                         E                    E
     E                    E                                                    A

                      A
     E
2.                                                                         E
     A                                         A                                                A
                                  E                        E               A
                                      A                                             E
              A                                        E                       E
                      A
                                                           E           I. .A. .

A                                                  A
E                                                          A                                A
         A                                         E
                                                                                            E
                  A                                                                     -
                                                ‹‹                                          A
                                               ››          E               A
         E        E               E

                                                                                A
                                                                                    E
 E                                        A                                             A
                                      E
E                     E

                                                   33
E
    A                A           E   E
        A            E                                    I
                             E               A
                                 A
A                                        I A              A

E                                                                                         A
E


    2.2.4.
    2.2.4.                                                                    A


                         E                                                A
E                                                                 A
                 A                   E                                A           E
                                 A                A
                                         E                                                    A
                             E
                                                      A                               A

E        E
                 A
                                                                  E
                                              A           E
                                                              A
                 A                                                                        E
             E                                        A

                                                              A



                                         34
2.2.5.
    2.2.5.                                                               A
     E       I
                                                                    A

                 A           -                     A           12
             -
    1.               A                                                           A
    2.


                                                                                         A
                                 E                 E       A
                                  A

A
A                        A
E                        A                             A                                     -
                                           A                                      E
                                  E                                     ‹‹       ››


    2.2.6.
    2.2.6.                                             A
                                      10       E       E                         A
         3
                                               E                    A

     A       -                             A

E
                 -   A       A                                               U       A




                                  35
-                           A
75                           E
                                                               25
                     A
E                                                      E
 A                                       A




                                     A                                 E
                                                           A
E
A                                A                 A           A
                                                                   A
A                                A
                         A                                 A           A

E

A
A    E
             E                       A
     A                                                         A
                 E                                              A

‹‹       A                   A                ››

E
                         A




                                         36
2.2.7.
    2.2.7.                      E                                               A


                                A                                               I           E
       A           O E                      E

A                                                A             E
                                                                                A
A
                                        E


A                           E       E
E                   E
          A                                                                             A
               E                                     E        E        E
                                            A
A                                                                  A
                   ‹‹

          A                                              ››                                 A
A                                   A
      A                                                                                         A
          E             A                                                           E
           E

          E

                            A

                         A
               E                                              ‹‹           ››


                                            37
2.2.8.
    2.2.8.                           A                                         A


     A
                                                          A                    A
E                       E                                 E
                                                          E
         A                                            E                 A
    A                                                                    A
                                                                       A


        E                                                 A        A           A
                                              A                A
                                                           A



    I                            E
         E
                    A                             A            A
                                     A   A                                 E

            A
                            A                     A                    A
                                                          ‹‹               A
                            ››




                E                                                          E
A                                                         ‹‹ E             A

                                         38
››           A                                                    E
                                               A                                  A
        E                                     E               E
                         A                                E               E
                             A
                                         A            A                               A
                                          E                           A

                                 A
                                              A                                           A
                    E




                    A        E
A       E
            E                                                                 E
A                                                                     A

                             A                                    A


                                         E                                        A       A
                I                    A                        A
                                                      E                               ?
                                     I
            ?       I        I E                              I                               E
                               A                  ?
A                   A                    E
                    E                                                                             A
    ?
                                                                          A           E

                                     39
?       …                   E                         E
E                                                              I                  E
                                      A                          E           A
                                          A
I                                                                        A
             ‹‹ A                 A
E                   ››                                 E
                                                                     A       A


    2.2.9.
    2.2.9.


      E
E

                                                                 E            A
              A                               E                              A
              A
             E        A


                              A                            E
             A
                             A
                                                       E
                         A        A       E
A
                  A                           A        E
                          A


                      A


                                                  40
E                            E
                                                                             ‹‹A                ››   E
‹‹                   ››                                                       A
                                      I                                                          E
                                                           ‹‹           ››
A


     E
                  I
                                                                    !
                                                                E
     E                            E                                 A
                     A                             E                                            E
E
             E
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                              E                                                             A
                 E                                 ?

         A                                                                             ‹‹
             ››
                                                       A


         2.2.10.
         2.2.10.                  A       A                                        A


                                                                                   A

E                         A
E
                                              41
E

                                                                     A
                E                   A                                        A A


            A                                    A
    E                   E
A                                       A        E

                                        E                        -




                            I                                            A        O
                                                                                 E
A                                                    E

        A                                                        A
                                A                                            E
                                                                     E
                                    E   A                    E



2.3.                    A
2.3.1
                                                         A
                    A
        A           A                                                    I
                                            42
E                                                            A

                                                                                          A
I                        A                                                        A
E                    E                                       A       E
                                                                 A
                                                        ‹‹                A
                                                       ››                             A
                             E                A        A
    A                                A                           A                A
                                 E                                                            E
                                                  ‹‹                     ››
E
                   A                                   E
                 I A             E
A            A
                 E                        A
                     E                                               E
                                                             A                E
                 A                                                                    A
E                            E                E

2.3.2.
         E                       E

                                                                                      A
                                     A        A              A
         A                            A

                                                                                                  -



                                                  43
A                   E
                                              E            A
     E
                 E                                 A           A
                             A                                                 E

                         E
A        O E
                 E
E                                                     E
                                     A                                             A
                                                                                       E
         E
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                                         A
                                         E             E

A                                                 E

2.3.3.
             E


                                     A

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                                             44
E
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                45
E                                    A
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 A                                        A                E
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                                  E                 E
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                                          46
A                                 26

    3.   E    E                                                         E
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                      (           E             )
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                                                A                               30/2004

                  E                   A
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                                      47
30/2004     .


    A   A


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            26/2004     .
                        /
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    A       A




            -
•


    E               -
•                       /
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                                48
A
           A                     26 E   27/2004                    E   I

                                                               A
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                                                                   30/ 2004        .
                                                                           A       A
3.1.
               26/2004
           /                                                                       E
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                    E
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E
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                                                                               A


                                                           A
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 A                           E                    E
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                                        49
A

                                                                           A



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                    E

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                                            50
E

3.2.                                                                            E


                           A
                                                            I A                     A

                                                                 I
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       E                                                A         A             (
               )                                                            E
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                                                    ?



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                                                51
E                E                       E
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     A            E                                            A
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U                 E
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                 A                                                                     E
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 A           A            E
                      A
         E                                                                             A

E                                                                  (               A                   )
                                                   E
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                                              52
E                   E       E                        E
‹‹                                             ››                           A


                   E
               A           A                    A
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A


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3.3.
                                                                    A

           A                               A
 A                     -


                                           53
A
E                                                                         A
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                                                                              A
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         E                       E



                                                                          E
                                                  /
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                             E
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                                             54
A
                         A
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            E




                55
03/07/2004       .
I.
I. . . .
                                            A
                                        /


    -                               E




    A                                           E
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                                                56
A                                            A
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A          26/06/2004
         E     E

                                A                            A
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                                    A
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                                                 E                               E
‹‹         ››

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                                            57
I.
I. . . .


                                 /
    /       /                A       A




A       A           A




                A       /
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                        58
A
                                                                 A
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                                                            A    (
                           )
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     25
           A                                   A
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 A                                                 A
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                                                   59
-               12/2004
    -                   A
                I. . .


        -
                A                                            E
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20                                                               A
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                    E




                                        60
E
            A        !




A                        E
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    A




                                 2004


                             A   A




            61
A                    E                                            A
5.1.
                        A                                                A                           A
                                                                        A
                                            ‹‹                                       ››
‹‹             E                                     ››
                                                                                             E
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                   E
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                                            E         A
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                                        E

5.2.       “        ”       I                   E                                        E                   ?
           I
               E                        I
                         E                  A               E
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           I
                                  A                 A                                                            E
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                             A          ‹‹E                 A
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                                                                                 A
                                                                             E
                                                    E

                                                                62
E                    A
                   E
‹‹A                I            ››                                                    E

                                     A                                                         I

                                                 E                                                  E
               A                                             E                                 I
                    E                                       E
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      ‹‹       ››       I                E
                                                            A
                                         E                                                          A
  I                                                                     ‹‹E                                 ››
‹‹                  E                    A                                    A           ››
                                 (           )
A
                                          ‹‹         ›› E
                                         E                          A             E
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 E                                                                       A        A       …
E               E                                                                     A
                                                                E                                       E
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A                                                      ‹             ›
                                                                    A             E

                                                                                               ‹‹           ››
                                                                                  E
E          E                                                             E

                                                     63
5.3.                  A
       E
                                                      I
                 A                                                A
A
                                              A
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A                                                                         A
                         A                A               I
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                         A            I                   A                           E

“                             E

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                                              A
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                              “                                       E       E

                                              64
…..            ”


        I

A                                                                                                  E
                                                                            A
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A
            A                                              A
E
                                                       A            I                A
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    -



A                   E
AE                  A                                                   E             E
                         E
                                  ‹‹ E             A           ››
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            A                     E
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                E

                                              65
A
              A                                         ‹                           ›



                                                            A
       A                                                            A
                                                                            ‹                   ›
 I                          A                                                               A
E                 A             A
 I                                      A
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‹‹ E         A    ››                                E
  A               A                                                                 A
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        E
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             ‹‹
             E                                                                          A



E
                       ››                                       E               A
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         A                      E   ?               A           A
A



                                        66
E                                     A
A                                                               I
               A
E                              “                       …”
‹                                                                           A               ›
                   A                                                A       A
                                               A       E                    A
                                                                        A

                                                                    ‹                       A ›
               E
           A                                                   E
 E (               )                                            E                                       A
                                                                                                ‹
                                           A               ›    E
A
                                   A           A
                                                                            A
                                                                        A
A                                      A           ‹                        A           ›           A

                   A

5.4.
       I                   E                                                                     (              )
                               E                                                                A
                                                                            A
                                                       A                    A       A
 E         A                                                        E                                       A
A                      A                                                        E

                                                                                    A                   A
                                                   67
A


       I                A            A
                            A
                                         E
E                                                E            A
                                                                                       E

                                                         ‹E               A            ›
                            A                E                            A            A

                                                                  E                A
E                                                    A
                            A                E           E                 E                       A
 E     A                                                                    A
                                                     A                    E
 A                                                                                         A       A
                    E                                                          A               A
  A
‹‹                                           A                                                         ››
                    E       ‹‹                                        A       ››
‹‹ I                    A                            A                    A                ››
                                                                                            A
‹‹         ››                        A                            E
E

                                 /                                        A
                                                     E                     E
                A




                                                 68
A                               E                                                              A
                                                                  E            A

5.5.
                                    A             A
A                                                                                              E
                                                           E
 I     A                                                              A
       E         A                            E                                            A
                                                                                   A                A
                                                  A                   A                            I
E                              E
                     ‹‹       ?››                 E                       A

A                A                                                                 E
E                                                 E

                                    E                                                  A
E                                         E                    E
                                    ‹‹                                         E
E                                        ››                   A                    E       A
                          I                               A                   ‹‹
E      ››
                                                                      E
E
‹‹ A                 A                                E
            ››
                     A                   E                     ‹‹                      A

                                                                                   A                ››
                                                                                                      A

                                                      69
‹A
                                ›
                                E                                                   E
                                                                        E
E                                                     E
                          ‹‹                    ››                                           A
                                                                                              A
    A       A                       A                                       ‹
        ›


A



A

E                                    ‹‹ A
  A                       A                               A        ››
‹‹                                          E              A        A                   A
                         ››         ‹‹                A
                A                           I                                                     ››

    E                                   E                      E

                              I A                                                    A
                                                               E                    I
A                                                                      A        A
                    ‹‹                          !››                A
‹           ›                   E                                                        A



                                                70
A



                                                          A              I
     ‹‹A           ›› E        ‹‹       -                      ››
                                                     A
                   A                                      A              E        A

                                                                    ‹‹
     A
     ›› E                                                                                   E
                           E                         A

                                                ‹‹                            ››
‹‹         A                        ››
A
                                            A                                                        A
E                      I A
     A         E                                                             ‹‹
                                                                    E                            E
A    ››            I A                                         A                       ‹‹
                      E                     ››

     A                     E                                   A


                                    A                          A                                  ‹‹
                                                                                                ››
                                                                                       ‹‹
           !                                             !››
               A                                                                   I                     E
                       E            A

                                                     71
The Essential Elements of Effective Dates
The Essential Elements of Effective Dates
The Essential Elements of Effective Dates
The Essential Elements of Effective Dates
The Essential Elements of Effective Dates
The Essential Elements of Effective Dates
The Essential Elements of Effective Dates
The Essential Elements of Effective Dates
The Essential Elements of Effective Dates
The Essential Elements of Effective Dates
The Essential Elements of Effective Dates
The Essential Elements of Effective Dates
The Essential Elements of Effective Dates
The Essential Elements of Effective Dates
The Essential Elements of Effective Dates
The Essential Elements of Effective Dates
The Essential Elements of Effective Dates
The Essential Elements of Effective Dates
The Essential Elements of Effective Dates
The Essential Elements of Effective Dates
The Essential Elements of Effective Dates
The Essential Elements of Effective Dates
The Essential Elements of Effective Dates
The Essential Elements of Effective Dates
The Essential Elements of Effective Dates
The Essential Elements of Effective Dates
The Essential Elements of Effective Dates
The Essential Elements of Effective Dates
The Essential Elements of Effective Dates
The Essential Elements of Effective Dates
The Essential Elements of Effective Dates
The Essential Elements of Effective Dates
The Essential Elements of Effective Dates
The Essential Elements of Effective Dates

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The Essential Elements of Effective Dates

  • 1. [Pick the date] [Type the document subtitle] |
  • 2. E ! A A 2004 .
  • 3. I - E E A A A A ( E ) E E E E E A
  • 4. ……………………………………………………………………………………………6 A ................................................................................................ 10 1.1. ................................................................................................... 16 .............................................................................................. 24 2.1. ............................................................................................. 27 2.2. ‹ A A › ...................................................................................... 29 2.2.1. I A ........................................................... 29 2.2.2. E E E E A A ................................................. 30 2.2.3. ..................................................................................... 32 2.2.4. A .......................................................................................... 34 2.2.5. A ...... 35 2.2.6. A ......................... 35 2.2.7. E A ........................................................................................ 37 2.2.8. A A .......................................... 38 2.2.9. ........................................................................................ 40 2.2.10. A A A .......................................................... 41 3. A .......................................................................... 42 3.1 A ........................................ 42 3.2 E E ..................................................... 43 3.3. - E . 44 ................................................................................................ 46 4
  • 5. 3.1. ........................................................................................ 49 3.2. E ........................... 51 3.3. ................................................................................. 53 A ............................................................................................... 55 A ............................................................................................ 59 5.1. ........................................................................................ 62 5.2. I E E ? ... 62 5.3. A .............. 64 5.4. ............ 67 5.5. .................................... 69 5.6. A ................ 72 5.7. / / / / / A !............................................................ 73 5.8. A ............... 76 5.9. A A .................................................... 77 5.10. A ....................................................................................... 80 5.11. ‹‹ ›› E ................................................................................. 81 ............................................................................................ 101 • A ........................................................ 104 5
  • 6. I E E E A A A I A E E A A E A A I A A A E I I E 1923 / E E E ‹‹ ›› A ‹‹E A ›› ‹‹ ›› ‹‹ ›› I E E E E E E A A A A E E E A 1987 E - E A 6
  • 7. I E A A E ‹‹A ›› A A A A E A A A ( A A ) A A ‹‹E A ›› A A 9 U A 1 E A E A - A A E E A A A A E - 1. I E ( ) A A 2. A I E A A 3. A E E A A E E E 7
  • 8. E E E A A A E 40 A E E A A E A E E E A A E A A E A E E A A A E E E A E ‹‹ A ›› A E E A E E A 8
  • 9. E A E E A E A A E A A E E 4urcomment@gmail.com 9
  • 10. A 1.1. A E A 2003 ( I A ) I E ( ) A A A 21/2004 A A (50) I E E A E ‹‹ A E A ›› A A A E A E A " A I E A A A " E A E A A A " A A ! A A !" A ‹‹ ›› A E U A 10
  • 11. A E A ? A E E A E U E E A A E A A E E A I E A I E A E 11/2004 A E E E 11
  • 12. E A A I I 11 I I ? E E E / ? E A E E ( A E A E ) E A (20) A 12
  • 13. 1. U 11. 2. U 12. I 3. U I 13. U 4. U A 14. 5. U 15. 6. 16. 7. A A 17. A 8. 18. A 9. 19. 10. A 20. E 20 E U E A 17 A E E (60,000) E A A A A E A A A 1. A A …… E 2. …. 3. A …… 4. A ……… 13
  • 14. 5. 6. A 7. 8. A 9. 10. 11. A 12. A 13. 14. U U 15. 16. 17. A E A - 1. E 2. E E 3. E E 14
  • 15. A A A - 1. I. . . . 2. I. . . . 3. I. . . . A 4. E 5. I A / I. . . . E A A E - 15
  • 16. 1.1. S<eK=S< w[}cw uRU’~ U¡”Áƒ ¾}KÁ¿ Ý“−‹ R“ ßq“−‹ c=ð^[luƒ ¯S¨ƒ ›eqØbM:: uIÑ-S”Ó ~ ¾çÅk¨< ¾RU’ƒ ’í’ƒ S<eK=S< uÅK<” u¨]¡’ƒ R”ÅT>Áck`Kƒ }eó ›É[Ô ’u`:: IÑ-S”Óe~ ŸSÓu=Á¨< ËUa K²S“ƒ ÁS[k²¨<” ¾S<eK=S<” leM ¾ð¨c R“ u¨]¡ ¾}’ðѨ<” ’é’ƒ ÁÔ“çð ’¨<:: u²=IU U¡”Áƒ S<eK=S< RU’~” u’é’ƒ ¾S}Óu` Sw~ uIÑ S”Óe~ ›”kê R”Ç=cõ` U¡”Áƒ KJ’¨< Ѹ¨< û`+ S<K< ÉÒñ” c=cØ qÃ…M:: u}KÁ¿ GÑ^© U`Ý−‹ LÃU ÃI ¾S<eK=S< ÉÒõ uÓMê }”çv`q ¨Ã…M:: ›G<”U µKñƒ S]−‹ w‰ dÃJ” µK<ƒ }nªT> û`+−‹U u}hK Ѹ¨< û`+ ¾°U’ƒ ’í’ƒ R”ÅT>cØ S<eK=S< ÁU“M:: Ÿp`w Ñ>²? ¨Ç=I Ó” ¾S<eK=S<” ›sU ¾T>g[i ¡e}„‹ Se}ªM ËU[ªM:: ¾‹Ó U”ß R“ S”e›?¨<U ¾›=ƒÄåÁ ReMU“ Ñ<ÇÄ‹ ÖpLà U¡` u?ƒ ’¨<:: ¾ReMU“ Ñ<ÇÄ‹ ÖpLà U¡` u?ƒ ¾S<eK=S<” IÑ-S”Óe¨© Swƒ ¾TeŸu`' S”Óeƒ KGÑ` cLU R“ °Éу uT>Á¨×†¨< °pÊ‹ S<eK=S<” ›Ò` GÃM ›É`Ô ¾ R“ uS<eK=S< R“ uS”Óeƒ SµŸMU SMµU Ó”–<’ƒ R”Ç=•` ¾TÉ[Ó ŸvÉ Lò’ƒ ¾}gŸS }sU ’¨<:: J•U ¾S”ÓeƒU J’ ¾S<eK=S<” õLÔƒ TETELƒ dËM G<Kƒ ›e`ƒ ›S¨ƒ” uŸ”~ ›dM÷M:: Ÿp`w Ñ>²? ¨Ç=I ÅÓV Øó~ R¾u[¨ KMTƒ ¾}ssS¨< SÏK=e u¡óƒ }Óv` Là uS<K< GÃK< }eT`…M::S<eK=S<” ŸS<eK=S<& S<eK=S<” ŸK?L RU’ƒ }Ÿ¨Ã R“ ŸS”Óeƒ Ò` ¾T>ÁÒÛ I´w” R`e u`e ¾T>ÁóÌ SÓKÝ−‹ R“ S[Í−‹ uTc^Úƒ I´w” RÁ¨Ÿ ÃÑ—M:: H>Å~ ÁcÒ¨< S<eK=S< T u[cw Ñ<Ç¿ ¨Å Ÿó Å[Í ŸSÉ[c< uòƒ ¾T>Ÿ}K<ƒ feƒ ¾Ò^ ¾I´w ØÁo−‹ KS”Óeƒ R”Ç=Ák`u<Kƒ K›e^ cvƒ c−‹ ¨<¡M“¨<” uò`T¨< cØ…M:: 1. ¾›=ƒÄåÁ ReMU“ Ñ<ÇÄ‹ ÖpLà U¡` u?ƒ (SÏK=e) ›S^a‹ uS<K< ¾I´u S<eK=S< ¨<¡M“ ¾K?L†¨< uSJ’< uI´u S<cK=S< uT>S[Ö< ›S^a‹ Ã}Ÿ<M”:: 16
  • 17. 2. A I E A A 3. ›¨K=Á ¾I´u S<eK=S< ’é }sU J• R”Ç=kØM SÏK=e RÌ” Á”d:: ............ 1. ¾›=ƒÄåÁ ReMU“ Ñ<ÇÄ‹ ÖpLà U¡` u?ƒ (SÏK=e) ›S^a‹ uS<K< ¾I´u S<eK=S< ¨<¡M“ ¾K?L†¨< uSJ’< uI´u S<cK=S< uT>S[Ö< ›S^a‹ Ã}Ÿ<M”:: ¾›=ƒÄåÁ ReMU“ Ñ<ÇÄ‹ ÖpLà U¡` u?ƒ (SÏK=e) ›=ƒÄåÁ©Á” S<eK=V‹ Sw¨‹” ßu` ¾NÃT•ƒ RŸ<M’ƒ Ãeð” uT>K¨< ØÁoÁ†¨< Sc[ƒ u1968 uÅ`Ó ²S’ S”Óeƒ uÃó }Sc[}:: uÑ>²?¨< }sS<” ¾T>Sƒ R“ ¾T>Áe}ÇɃ ÓKcx‹ uS<eK=S< TIu[cw ¡w` R“ ›S’@¨ ¾’u^†¨< ’u:: uH>Ń Ó” }sS< u›”vÑ’’< Å`Ó ²S” ¾’u[¨<” ¡w` R”£” Á×uƒ }Úvß Là Å[c:: uIÑ S”Óe¨‹” Ÿ}Å’ÑÑ<ƒ ›”kë‹ ›”Æ S]−‹U J’< }¨ Ä‹ Ç=V¡^c=Á© uJ’ SMŸ< SS[Ø R”ÇKv†¨< ’¨<:: u›=ƒÄåÁ ReMU“ Ñ<ÇÄ‹ ÖpLà U¡` u?ƒ (SÏK=e) Ó” U`Ý Ÿ}µH@Å ›e^ cvƒ ¯S¨ƒ” ›eqØbM:: S]−‡ uI´w µKSS[׆¨< u}ÚT] uÕa u` Ñw}¨< ¾}kSÖ<uƒ ¨”u` ¾T>ÖÃk¨<” ¾HÃT•ƒU J’ ¾›KT©> R¨<kƒ ¾K?L†¨< “†¨<:: S<eK=S< S”Óe~” ¾SU[Ø Swƒ }cØ„ƒ ¾HÃT•ƒ }sS<” ¾T>S ÓKcx‹” ¾SU[Ø Swƒ ¾S’ðÑ< R”qpMi ŸSLUƒ ÁKð SMe ›Ø„K¨M:: }sS< K›e^ cvƒ ¯S¨ƒ U`Ý ›KTµH@Æ w‰ dÃJ” S<eK=S< ¾}eTTuƒ ¾U`Ý e`œƒ R” ¾K?K¨< ’¨<:: ŸI´w U`Ý R“ õLÔƒ ¨<Ü eM×’<” ¾}q“ÖÖ<ƒ ›µLƒU }sS<” KS”ÓeƒU J’ KI´u S<eK=S< R”ÇÃÖpU ›É`Ѩ< ›¢Li}¨<¨M:: SÏK=e I´u S<eK=S<” uT’nnƒ R“ ¾S”Óeƒ” ¾MTƒ °pÉ ›Ò» uTÉ[Ó uGÑ]… ›=¢•T> Là ›e}ªê* Tu`Ÿƒ ÃÖupuƒ ’u`:: ¾GÑ]…” SMµU Ñê¨ K¯KU uTe}ª¨p ~]´U R“ ¾¨<ß GÑ` ›=”ye}a‹ ¨Å HÑ^‹” R”Ç=Ñu< uTÉ[Ó [ÑÉ K=ݨ}¨< ¾T>‹K¨< T>“U Ÿõ}— ’u`:: ’Ñ` Ó” SÍ=K=e ŸK?KA‹ 17
  • 18. }sTƒ u}hK ›e}ªê* Tu`Ÿƒ R¾‰K u¨]Ÿ< KGÑ]…U J’ KS<eK=S< TIu[cw ¾T>ðÃÉ lU ’Ñ` Se^ƒ ›M‰KU:: }Ÿvwa ¾S•`” vIM uTÔMuƒU [ÑÉ SÏK=e T>“ ¾K¨<U:: ¾}ݨ}¨< ›¨” ›=eLU uS<eK=S< SµŸMU J’ ŸK?L EU’ƒ }Ÿ¨Ã Ò` }vwa KS•` ¾T>Áe‹M É”p ¨]¡ R“ ›e}UIa ’¨<:: SÍ=K=e Ó” ÃI”” ›e}dcw uI´u< KTe[ê wnƒU J’ õLÔƒ R”ÅK?K¨< }Óv um Ue¡` ’¨<:: SÏK=e ¾®<KV‹ U¡` u?ƒ” uTUŸ” T>³“©“ ƒ¡¡K— ¾J’¨<” ¾›=eLU ›e}UIa KS<eK=S< ¾T>Áe}LMõ }œT’>’ƒ ÁK¨< R“ Lò’ƒ ¾T>cT¨< ›µM R”ÇÕ` ›É`ÕM:: SÏK=e R¾}S^ ÁK¨< x ¾HÃT•ƒ R¨<kƒ uK?L†¨< ÓKcx‹ uSJ’< ¾I´w ›S’@¨ ›Ó˜}¨< I´u<” Te}T`U J’ SU^ƒ ›M‰K<U:: ›=ƒÄåÁ ¨LLp ¾GÃT•ƒ ›v„‹ ¾T>Ñ–<vƒ HÑ` “ƒ:: ’Ñ` Ó” SÏK=e ¾}¨c’<ƒ” uTÓMM R“ ¾}kƒ u[Hw R“ R`³ƒ c=cn¿ ‹L uTKƒ ¯LT¨<” ¾T>ÁcðêS<Kƒ Ømƒ “®<KV‹”” w‰ cwex SÖkT>Á ›É`Õ†ªM:: u²=IU U¡”Áƒ uS”Óeƒ ²”É Lò’ƒ ¾T>cT¨< uI´w }œT’>’ƒ ÁK¨< ¾I´u S<eK=S<” ›SKµŸƒ ›p×Ý ¾T>Áeô“ ¾T>Ñ^ T°ŸM K=•` ›M‰KU:: uS<eK=S< SµŸM KT>ðÖ Ÿ›=eLU ¨<Ü ¾J’< ÔÍ= ›e}dcx‹ µK< ¨ÃU ¨Åòƒ u=ðÖ ŸSÏK=e ¨<Ü T”U }ÖÁm K=J” ›Ã‹MU:: ¾®<KTR U¡` u?ƒ G<K<”U ¾HÃT•ƒ ›v„‹” Áµ}} uTÉ[Ó uI´u< ›S’@¨ ÁL†¨< ¾HÃT•ƒ ›v„‹ R”Ç=Sƒ R“ I´u< Ÿ›”É ŸT>ÁU’¨< T°ŸM ƒ¡¡K—¨<” ›=eLU R”Ç=[Ç vKSÅ[Ñ< KT>ðÖ ¾›SKµŸƒ Içë‹ }ÖÁm¨< ›µM SÍ=K=e w‰ ’¨<:: u}KÁ¿ ›µvu=−‹ ¾T>¨¿ Óß„‹U SÏK=e Lò’~” u›Óvu< vKS¨×~ ¾}Ÿc~ “†¨<:: uIÑ-S”Óc~ õƒI” KTeð” ¾T>Áe‹K< ›”kë‹ ¾cð u=J”U u›eðéT>¨< ›µLƒ ¾}KÁ¿ ‹Óa‹ S<eK=S< Sw~ E¾}Ñó R“ uÅM R¾Å[cuƒ ÃÑ—M:: S<eK=S<U uÅK?” õƒH© uJ’ SMŸ< SÏK=e ÁeðêUM—M ¾T>M RU’ƒ eKK?K¨< G<K<U uÓK< SõƒH@ ¾ScK¨<” c=ðêU Ãe}ªLM:: wf~”U KSÏK=e c=Ák`w ¾T>ÁÑ–¨< ULi K?L l߃ ¾T>¨MÉ uSJ’< }eó ¾Sl[Ø eT@ƒ ¨<eØ ÃÑvM:: ÃIU ›LeðLÑ> ¨ÅJ’< Óß„‹ ¨<eØ KSÓvƒ U¡”Áƒ ÃJ“M:: 18
  • 19. SÏK=e u^c< ¡õƒƒ ¾}ðÖ ‹Óa‹ R“ Óß„‹ uK?L ¨Ñ” Là uTLŸ¡ ¾u<É” R“ ¾›SKµŸƒ ‹Ó` KTeScM ÃV¡^M:: S<eK=S< Ó” u¾ƒ—¨<U ›µvu= ¾}ðÖ Óß„‹ SÏK=e ¾T>Öupuƒ” GÃT•¨©U J’ ›e}ÇÅ^© ULg vKSeÖ~ ¾}Ÿc~ uSJ“†¨< ¾›=ƒÄåÁ ReMU“ Ñ<ÇÄ‹ ÖpLà U¡` u?ƒ (SÏK=e) }ÖÁm ’¨< ¾T>M RU’ƒ ›K¨<:: K?L¨< ŸSÏK=e Ò` }Áõ ¾T>’d¨< ¾I´w ØÁo ¾S”Óeƒ ×Mn Ñw’ƒ ’¨<:: S”Óeƒ cLU” ¾T>ÁÅð`c< }Úvà‹ c=Ÿc~ ×Mn SÓv~ ›Óvw’ƒ ÁK¨< }Óv` ’¨<:: uS<eK=S< }sU R“ uS<eK=S< TIu[cw Là ÁK¨< ¾S”Óeƒ ×Mn Ñw’ƒ Ó” ›K<¨© ×Mn Ñw’ƒ ¾T>SeK< “†¨<:: S”Óeƒ IÑ-S”Óe~” ¾T>é[` ›K<¨© ×Mn Ñw’ƒ SðçU ›KSðçS< ŸT>SKŸ¨†¨< ›µLƒ Ò` ŸIÓ R“ ŸIÓ ƒ`ÕT@ ›”é` T¾ƒ R”ÅT>ÁeðMÓ RS<” ’¨<:: ’Ñ` Ó” I´u S<eK=S< IÑ-S”Óeƒ }ØdDM S”Óeƒ ›K<¨© ×Mn Ñw’ƒ ðêTEM ¾T>M eT@ƒ ›ÇwbM:: eT@~ R¨<’ƒ’ƒ µK¨<: S”Óeƒ R`Uƒ K=ÁÅ`Óuƒ ¾I´w eT@ƒ S¨[U µKuƒ ÅÓV S”Óeƒ Tw^]Á R“ ULi K=cØuƒ ÃÑvM:: S<eK=S< ›”Ç”È ¾T>ÁÒØS<ƒ” ¾õƒI S³v„‹ ¾›eðéT> ›µLƒ ‹Ó` ’¨< wKA ›dM÷M:: ›G<” Ó” uS<eK=S< Là IÑ- S”Óe~” ¾T>é[ }Óv^ƒ ¾T>ÁŸ“¨<’<ƒ uT>’>eƒ` Å[Í ÁK< vKeMדƒ uSJ“†¨< Ó`¨ ðØau¨M:: IÓ ›eŸv]¨< R“ IÑ S”Óe~” KTêÅp Seª°ƒ’ƒ ¾ŸðK¨< ›µM IÑ-S”Óe~” R¾×c ’¨< ¾T>K¨< ¾I´w eT@ƒ SkÖK< ŸIÓ ¾uLà ¾T>J” ›µM ¾KU IÓ R“ IÑ S”Óeƒ ŸKL ÃJ’<—M& ¾T>K¨< RU’ƒ Öõ„ I´w” eÒƒ ¨<eØ eKT>Ÿƒ R`Tƒ ¨ÃU ULi u=cØuƒ uS<eK=S< R“ uS”Óeƒ SµŸM LK¨< SMµU Ó”–<’ƒ ›e}ªê* Õ[ªM:: ›K<¨© ×Mn Ñw’~ u›−”¨© }kÃa S”Óeƒ ÉÒñ” ŸØmƒ ÓKcx‹ ¨Å I´w Á²<`:: S”Óeƒ uU`ÝU ÃG<” uK?L I´v© ÉÒö‹” uT>ðMÓv†¨< }ÚvŒ‹ I´u< ÉÒñ” ÃeØ:: S”ÓeƒU S<eK=S<” eÒƒ ›É`Ô ŸTcw ›Ò` ›É`Ô uSÁ´ KT>’c< kLM ¾õƒI R“ ¾’é’ƒ ØÁo−‹ ULi ÃeØ:: u²=IU ¾Ò`Äi eT@ƒ R“ ƒww` TÇu` ÉLM ¾T>K< eT@„‹ ›w³—¨< S<eK=U u}KÁ¿ SÉ[¢‹ R“ ¨<ÃÄ‹ ¾T>Á”çv`n†¨< Gdx‹ 19
  • 20. “†¨<::¾}sT‹” S]−‹” u’é’ƒ R”U[Ø ¾T>K¨< ØÁoU ÃI” eT@ƒ Á’Ñu ’¨<:: ¾›=ƒÄåÁ ReMU“ Ñ<ÇÄ‹ ÖpLà U¡` u?ƒ (SÏK=e) ¾S”Óeƒ”U ¾I´u S<eK=S<”U õLÔƒ ¾T>ÁTEL TÉ[Ó Ã‰LM ¾T>M RU’ƒ ›K:: S”Óeƒ ¾GÑ]…” cLU R“ RÉу ¾SÖup Lò’ƒ ¾}×Kuƒ ›µM R”ÅSJ’< }sS<” KI´w ’é TÉ[Ñ< Là ÁK¨< eÒƒ ƒ¡¡M vÃJ”U ›Óvvw ’¨<:: ¾I´u< õLÔƒ S”Óeƒ” ŸeÒƒ ’é ŸTÉ[ÓU ›Mö ¾I´u S<eK=S<” õLÔƒ ¾T>ÁTEL R“ ¾S”Óeƒ ›Ò` ¾J’ }sU R”Ç=Sc[ƒ ’¨<:: ÃI” ¯Ã’ƒ }sU uI´u S<eK=S< R“ uS”Óeƒ p”’ƒ R“ ÓMê’ƒ u}VLuƒ ¨<Ãà R¨<” TÉ[Ó Ã‰LM:: ¨<ÃÃ~” ¨<Ö?¨T KTÉ[Ó Ó” ¾Reƒ^}Í= dÃJ” ¾›SKµŸƒ K¨<Ø TU׃ ÃðMÒM:: ¾›SKµŸƒ K¨<Ö< ¾T>Sר< S}TS” c=ðÖ` eKJ’ S<eK=S< TIu[cw ¾S”Óeƒ” eÒƒ ›e¨ÓÊ S}TS” R”Ç=cõ” uTÉ[Ñ< H>Ń Là ›c}ªê* Tu`Ÿƒ Õ`u¨M:: I´u< S”Óeƒ K¨<Ãà u” ŸŸð} Ÿp ŸSð^^ƒ k`x ¨Å SÓvu~ ÃK¨×M ¾T>M }eó ›K¨<:: Ÿ’²=I Sc[¨© Hdx‹ uS’dƒ I´u S<eK=S< SÏK=e” uT>SKŸƒ ¾T>Ÿ}K<ƒ ›^ƒ Ñ<Ç¿‹ uS”Óeƒ SõƒH@ R”Ç=cÖ¨< ØÁo¨<” Ák`vM:: G- uI´w ÁM}S[Ö< R“ I´u<” ¾Tè¡K<ƒ ¾SÏK=e ›S^a‹ uI´w uT>S[Ö< S]−‹ Ã}Ÿ<M”:: K- uIÑ-¨Ø S”ÑÉ ¾I´w ¨<¡M“ dÕ^†¨< “RÁe}ÇÅ” LK< ÓKcx‹ ›”Ç”É ¾S”Óeƒ ›µKƒ ¾T>cÖ<ƒ IÒ© ió” ÃlUM”:: N- ¾®<KV‹ U¡` u?ƒ G<K<”U ¾GÃT•ƒ ›v„‹ ›µ„ E”Ç=ssU ÃÅ[ÓM”:: S- uSÏK=e ›Tµ˜’ƒ u›=ƒÄåÁ S<eK=V‹ Là uÓÉ R¾}Ý’ ÁK¨< ¾›Ivi ›e}dcw ÃlUM”:: 20
  • 21. ›Tµ u›=ƒÄ 2. uSÏK=e ›Tµ˜’ƒ u›=ƒÄåÁ S<eK=V‹ Là uÓÉ R¾}Ý’ ÁK¨< ¾›Ivi ›e}dcw ÃlUM”:: ›Ivi R”ÅT”—¨<U ›e}dcw IÑ-S”Óe~ u›Ô“çð¨< ¾RU’ƒ ’é’ƒ }ÖpV ›SKŸŸ~” T^SÉ R“ S}Óu` ËLM:: ¾R’@” ›SKµŸƒ µM}kuK¡ wKA TeÑÅÉ Ó” u¨]¡ ¡`eƒ“” µM}kuM¡ wK¨< c=ÑÉK< R“ c=ÁdÉÆ Ÿ’u ›”vÑ’” S]−‹ }Óv` ¾p`ê R”Í= ¾Ã²ƒ K¨<Ø ¾K?K¨< IÑ-S”Óe~” ¾T>é[` ¾Óõ }Óv` ’¨<:: SÏK=e K›S¨ƒ ›e}dcu<” c=Ác^ß Ømƒ ÅÒò R” ” TÓ–ƒ ÁM‰K¨<” ›Ivi” µM}kuL‹G< uTKƒ w²<H’<” S<eK=U RÁeÑÅÅ ’¨<:: ›SKµŸ~” ÁM}kuK¨<”U uT¨<Ñ´ R“ uTð” ¾K?L¨<” ¾RU’ƒ ’é’ƒ ¾SÒóƒ ›=-õƒH© }Óv` R¾ðçS ÃÑ— M:: ¾Ømƒ ÓKcx‹” ÉÒõ R” ” TÓ–ƒ ¾}d’¨< ¾›Ivi u<É” ¾S”Óeƒ” R“ ¾SÏK=e” ÉÒõ }Ñ” ›É`Ô uw²<H’< S<eK=U TIu[cw Là ݓ R“ iw` R¾ðÖ[ ’¨<:: ›Ivi ›SKµŸ~” I´u S<eK=S< Là ŸSÝ” ›Mö S<eK=S< RU’~” u’é’ƒ KTµH@É ¾Ñ’v†¨<” SeÍ=Ê‹ R“ SÉ[d−‹” ¾SkTƒ&I´u S<eK=S< ¾S[׆¨<” ›=TV‹ ¾Sk¾` R“ ¾Teð^^ƒ IÓ vKuƒ HÑ` K=ðçS< ¾TËK< ¾uÅM }Óva‹” RÁŸ“¨’ ÃÑ—M:: Ÿ²=IU uS’dƒ S<eK=S< ›Ivi” uT>SKŸƒ u¨ŸL†¨< ÓKcx‹ ›Tµ˜’ƒ ¾T>Ÿ}K<ƒ ›^ƒ ’Øx‹ R”Ç=k`u<Kƒ ÖÃsM:: G- ueMÖ“U ÃG<” uTeð^^ƒ ¾›Ivi” ›SKµŸƒ ›eÑÉÊ ¾ ØSl }Óv` ÃlUM” K- ›=TV‹ (›cÒЋ) &S<¯²=•‹ (¾cLƒ Ø] ›É^Ñ>−‹) R“ ¾SeÍ=É ¢T> −‹ ¾›Ivi” ›SKµŸƒ µM}kuL‹G< uT>M ¾T>Å`ev†¨< ³‰& Ÿe^ Tv[` R“ ¾eU TØóƒ ¨<”ËL ÃlU N- S<eK=S< uw²< ƒÓM ¾Ñ’v†¨<” SeÍ=Ê‹ SÉ[d−‹ R“ 21
  • 22. }sTƒ” ¾SkTƒ õƒI ¾ÔÅK¨< }Óv` ÃlU:: S- Ømƒ ÅÒò R” ” Tõ^ƒ ÁM‰K¨<” ¾›Ivi ›SKµŸƒ” KTeóóƒ S”Óeƒ ¾Á²¨< °pÉ ŸI´w Ò` ¾T>Ánp` R“ ¾IÑ-S”Óe~” ›”kê 27 ¾T>Øe }Óv` uSJ’< S”Óeƒ ÉÒñ” ¨Å w²<H’< S<eK=U ÁÉ`Ó:: 3. ›¨K=Á ¾I´u S<eK=S< ’é }sU J• R”Ç=kØM SÏK=e RÌ” Á”d:: ›¨K=Á R.›.›. u1950 u›”É ›=ƒÄåÁ© ÓKcw }Sc[}:: u1975 T>i’] ƒUI`ƒ u?ƒ uSJ” °¨<p“ ›Ñ–:: u1977 ¾I´u S<eK=S< Gwƒ J• ux`É S}ÇÅ` ËS[:: ›G<” ›¨K=Á ¾T>јuƒ Óu=U ¾I´w ŸJ’ u%EL x`Æ ¾}[Ÿu¨< ’¨<:: ReŸ p`w Ñ>²? u}KÁ¿ ¾¨<Ü É`Ï„‹ c=[Ç ¾’u[ u=J”U ”w[ƒ’~ ¾I´u S<eK=S< R”Í= ¾É`Ï„‡ ›M’u[U:: up`u< u›¨K=Á ¢U¿’>+ ¾¨<eØ ‹Ó` U¡”Áƒ ›¨K=Á KK?L › M }LMፎ ScÖቱ ŸT”U uLà S<eK=S<” ¾T>Áe¨pe SJ’< ÓMê ’¨<:: I´u S<eK=S< u›¨K=Á ²<`Á ÁK¨< Sc[¨© ØÁo S”Óeƒ }sS<” uTÑÉ R“ KK?L ›dMö uTe[Ÿu< Là ¾ðçT†¨< IÒ© H>Å„‹ Là ›ÃÅKU:: ¾I´u< ØÁo uT>Ÿ}K<ƒ feƒ Sc[¨© ’Øx‹ ²<`Á ¾T>ÁÖ’Ø” ’¨<:: 1. ›¨K=Á ¾I´u S<eK=S< Gwƒ R”ÅSJ’< KI´w K=SKe c=Ñv¨< ›MS[Ø“†¨<U ›Ã¨¡K<”U uT>L†¨< ÓKcx‹ KT>S^ }sU ScÖ~ 2. IÑ ¨Ø uJ’ SMŸ< ¾}q×Öƒ” ¾S<eK=S<” }sU uw²< T>K=¾” ¾T>qÖ` w` Su´u^†¨< um S[Í ¾}Ñ–v†¨< ›µLƒ Kõ`É K=k`u< c=Ñv†¨< ›¨K=Á” R”Ç=Áe}ÇÉ SÅ[Ñ< 3. }Sddà vI] R“ ¯LT ÁL†¨< ÓKcx‹ K›e^ cvƒ ¯S¨ƒ R¾}ð^[l ŸI´w ¾kS<ƒ” }sU Te}ÇÅ` R”ÇM‰K< S”ÓeƒU I´wU u}Óv` ›Ã…†ªM:: K’²=G< ¾›e}ÇÅ` R¨<kƒU J’ ¡IKAƒ KK?L†¨< ÓKcx‹ ›¨K=Á” u}ÚT] R”Ç=Áe}ÇÉ ScÖ~ IK=“U J’ IÓ ¾TÃÅÓð¨< }Óv` ’¨< ¾T>M ’¨<:: 22
  • 23. R’²=I” Sc[ƒ ›É`Ô ›¨K=Á KSÏK=e ScÖƒ ›M’u[uƒU ¾T>M p_¨ ¾’u[¨< S<eK=S< p_¨¨<” ¨Å }n¨<V ¾T>kÃ` uÅM }ÚS[uƒ:: G- ›¨K=Á” ê”ð— ¾J’¨<” ¾›Ivi ›”Í TeóõÁ T°ŸM KTÉ[Ó R”penc? SËS K- É`Ï~” ¾SU^ƒ ¾V^MU J’ ¾¡IKAƒ wnƒ R”ÅK?L†¨< uÓMê uT>Ádà SMŸ< IÓ R“ Å”w” ¾×c SUI^” R“ c^}™” ¾Tv[` }Óv` ŸSÏK=eU ¨<eØ ¾TÃSKŸ}¨< ›µM uT”›Kw˜’ƒ SðçS< N- IÒ© R“ cLT© KJ’¨< ¾}T]−‹ R“ ¾I´w ØÁo ›”vÑ’“© R“ ”kƒ ¾}VLuƒ ULi ScÖ~ S- KGÑ` RÉу vK<uƒ ¾e^ Se¡ ›e}ªê* uTu`Ÿƒ Là ÁK< ›¨K=Á Áð^‰†¨< ÓKcx‹” R“ SUI^” eU TØó~ R“ }sS<” ¾›gv] SðMòÁ wKA S¨”ËK< SÏK=e ›¨K=Á” KS[Ÿw ¾›e}ÇÅ`U J’ ¾e’-UÓv` wnƒ R”ÅK?K¨< I´u S<eK=S< R`ÓÖ— R”Ç=J” R“ }n¨<V¨<” R”Ç=ÁcT ÁÅ[Ѩ< }Úvß ’¨<:: Ÿ²=IU uS’dƒ S<eK=S< ›¨K=Á” uT>SKŸƒ ¾T>Ÿ}K<ƒ ØÁo−‹” KS”Óeƒ Ák`vM:- 1. SÏK=e S<K< KS<K< RÌ” Ÿ›¨K=Á R”Ç=Á¨×“ S”Óeƒ ¾ST` Te}T` H>Å~ R“ }sS< ¾T>c׆¨< ›ÑMÓKA„‹ ucLU R”Ç=Ÿ“¨’< G<’@ −‹ ¨ R”Ç=SKe ÁÉ`ÓM” 2. ›¨K=Á ¾I´w R”ÅSJ’< KI´u S<eK=S< ÃSKe:: ¾T>K< “†¨<:: 23
  • 24. E A A E ‹‹A ›› A A E A A A / E A E A 23/2004 A E E E E A E A E A E 05/2004 E (8) A A ‹‹ E A A A E E E ›› E A E A “ 24
  • 25. E ” 26/2004 E A 26 U 7/2004 A E A E A A A A E A A A E A A A A E E A E E A A A E A A E E A A A A 14/2004 A A A E A A E A A E A A 25
  • 26. A E A ( 26/2004) E E 26 A A I E A E A A A 40 E A - 1. A / / / / 2. A A ( ) 3. / I 4. A 5. A A A A 6. A A I 7. I A 8. E E … E - 26
  • 27. A A › A A E A 2004 A A 2.1. 2.1. A I E I. .A. . I A E A E A I. .A. . A E I E I. .A. . E E E A A A A E A A A E A E E A I- I- A E 27
  • 28. I A E I E ( ) A A E E A A E E E E A A A A A E E E E A E E A ‹‹ ›› A ‹‹A A E ›› E A I A A E E A A A A A A A E 28
  • 29. E 2.2. 2.2. ‹ A A › 2.2.1. 2.2.1. I A I E 1966 A 4 1968 E ‹‹ I E ›› E E A A E - A A A A E A E ( I O ) A A E A A A A A A E A E E 29
  • 30. 2.2.2. 2.2.2. E E E E A A A A E E E E A I E A I E E A A A E E E A A E E E A E E A A A A E A E A A A E A E E E A E A E E A E A E E E E E I A E A 30
  • 31. A A A A E E A A E A A E A E A E E A A A E E A E E A ‹‹ E ›› E A I E E A E E A E A E E E E E A E E 31
  • 32. E ‹‹E A ›› E E A A E A E E A E ‹‹ A A E A ›› 2.2.3. 2.2.3. I A A I. . . - A E I. . . - A 27 ‹‹ E A E E ›› A 27 E A A E - A E E - A E ‹‹ E ›› A 32
  • 33. A ‹‹ ›› E - E A E - 1. E E E E A A E 2. E A A A E E A A E A E E A E I. .A. . A A E A A A E E A - ‹‹ A ›› E A E E E A E E A A E E E 33
  • 34. E A A E E A E I E A A A I A A E A E 2.2.4. 2.2.4. A E A E A A E A E A A E A E A A E E A E A E A A E E A A 34
  • 35. 2.2.5. 2.2.5. A E I A A - A 12 - 1. A A 2. A E E A A A A A E A A - A E E ‹‹ ›› 2.2.6. 2.2.6. A 10 E E A 3 E A A - A E - A A U A 35
  • 36. - A 75 E 25 A E E A A A E A E A A A A A A A A A A E A A E E A A A E A ‹‹ A A ›› E A 36
  • 37. 2.2.7. 2.2.7. E A A I E A O E E A A E A A E A E E E E A A E E E E A A A ‹‹ A ›› A A A A A E A E E E A A E ‹‹ ›› 37
  • 38. 2.2.8. 2.2.8. A A A A A E E E E A E A A A A E A A A A A A I E E A A A A A E A A A A ‹‹ A ›› E E A ‹‹ E A 38
  • 39. ›› A E A A E E E A E E A A A A E A A A A E A E A E E E A A A A E A A I A A E ? I ? I I E I E A ? A A E E A ? A E 39
  • 40. ? … E E E I E A E A A I A ‹‹ A A E ›› E A A 2.2.9. 2.2.9. E E E A A E A A E A A E A A E A A E A A A E A A 40
  • 41. E E ‹‹A ›› E ‹‹ ›› A I E ‹‹ ›› A E I ! E E E A A E E E E E E A E A E ? A ‹‹ ›› A 2.2.10. 2.2.10. A A A A E A E 41
  • 42. E A E A A A A A E E A A E E - I A O E A E A A A E E E A E 2.3. A 2.3.1 A A A A I 42
  • 43. E A A I A A E E A E A ‹‹ A ›› A E A A A A A A E E ‹‹ ›› E A E I A E A A E A E E A E A A E E E 2.3.2. E E A A A A A A - 43
  • 44. A E E A E E A A A E E A O E E E E A A E E E E E E E A E E A E 2.3.3. E A E A E E A E A 44
  • 45. E A A E A A E E A E A E 45
  • 46. E A A A A A A ( 26) E A A E E A A E E E E A 26/2004 A A A E / / E A A A 1. A E E E E E A A E / E 2. A A A A A 46
  • 47. A 26 3. E E E 6 A A ‹ E › A 4. E A E E E A E E E / I. . . E E A A ( E ) A E A 30/2004 E A E - 47
  • 48. 30/2004 . A A - A 26/2004 . / E A A A - • E - • / • / 48
  • 49. A A 26 E 27/2004 E I A 30/ 30/ 2004 . A A 3.1. 26/2004 / E A E E E E E A A E E E 26 A A A A E A A A E A A E E E A A A E A A E A A I E 49
  • 50. A A E A A E E A E A E A A E A A E E A A E A E E ‹‹ ›› A A E E A 50
  • 51. E 3.2. E A I A A I A E A A E A A ( ) E ( ) E E A E A 1997 ? A A E E A A A E E A A A A A ‹‹ E ›› A E E A A 51
  • 52. E E E A A A E A A E ? E A I A A A A A A A E A A A E E A O A E A E A E A A ( ) E U E A E E E E A E A E A A E A E A E ( A ) E A E 52
  • 53. E E E E ‹‹ ›› A E A A A E A E E E A A E E A A E E A A A E E A E A ‹‹ A A A A E ›› 3.3. A A A A - 53
  • 54. A E A A E E E A A A A A E E E E / A A E A A A ‹‹ A E A E E A A A A ›› A A E E A E E E E A E E 54
  • 55. A A E A A E E A E E E 55
  • 56. 03/07/2004 . I. I. . . . A / - E A E E A A A A E I E E A E E E / A A A E E I E ( ) E A E I. .A. . . E A E A E E E A E A A 56
  • 57. A A A E E A E A 26/06/2004 E E A A / A A A E E A E E ‹‹ ›› - E E E I A E E 57
  • 58. I. I. . . . / / / A A A A A A / A A 58
  • 59. A A E A ( ) E A A A A A ‹‹ ›› A E 25 A A E A A E A A A E E A A A E E A E A I- E E A A A A E - 59
  • 60. - 12/2004 - A I. . . - A E A A - I I E A A E E A A E A E A A A A A A E A A E 20 A A A A E 60
  • 61. E A ! A E A A 2004 A A 61
  • 62. A E A 5.1. A A A A ‹‹ ›› ‹‹ E ›› E I E A E I E E A E E E E A ‹ › E “ ” “A ” A E A E 5.2. “ ” I E E ? I E I E A E A A E E I A A E A A A I A ‹‹E A ?›› A A E E 62
  • 63. E A E ‹‹A I ›› E A I E E A E I E E E E A ‹‹ ›› I E A E A I ‹‹E ›› ‹‹ E A A ›› ( ) A ‹‹ ›› E E A E E E A A … E E A E E E E A ‹ › A E ‹‹ ›› E E E E 63
  • 64. 5.3. A E I A A A A A A A A A A A I E A I E A E A A E A ‹‹A E ›› A A E E A I A E “ E E A A ( ) A I A A ” E I A E A E A A “ E E 64
  • 65. ….. ” I A E A A E A E A A A A E A I A A A E ‹‹A ›› ‹‹A › E A E - A E AE A E E E ‹‹ E A ›› A A A A E A A E E 65
  • 66. A A ‹ › A A A ‹ › I A A E A A I A A ‹‹ E A ›› E A A A A A A I E E A ‹‹ E A E ›› E A ‹‹ E A ›› A E ‹ › A A E ? A A A 66
  • 67. E A A I A E “ …” ‹ A › A A A A E A A ‹ A › E A E E ( ) E A ‹ A › E A A A A A A A ‹ A › A A 5.4. I E ( ) E A A A A A E A E A A A E A A 67
  • 68. A I A A A E E E A E ‹E A › A E A A E A E A A E E E A E A A A E A A A E A A A ‹‹ A ›› E ‹‹ A ›› ‹‹ I A A A ›› A ‹‹ ›› A E E / A E E A 68
  • 69. A E A E A 5.5. A A A E E I A A E A E A A A A A I E E ‹‹ ?›› E A A A E E E E A E E E ‹‹ E E ›› A E A I A ‹‹ E ›› E E ‹‹ A A E ›› A E ‹‹ A A ›› A 69
  • 70. ‹A › E E E E E ‹‹ ›› A A A A A ‹ › A A E ‹‹ A A A A ›› ‹‹ E A A A ›› ‹‹ A A I ›› E E E I A A E I A A A ‹‹ !›› A ‹ › E A 70
  • 71. A A I ‹‹A ›› E ‹‹ - ›› A A A E A ‹‹ A ›› E E E A ‹‹ ›› ‹‹ A ›› A A A E I A A E ‹‹ E E A ›› I A A ‹‹ E ›› A E A A A ‹‹ ›› ‹‹ ! !›› A I E E A 71