POWER_VOCAB_IELTS.pdf

4
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Unit 1: Introduction to Collocations, Phrasal Verbs & Idioms.......................
Unit 2: Education .........................................................................................
2.1. Technology in Education ...................................................................
2.2. Higher Education...............................................................................
Unit 3: Work ................................................................................................
3.1. Qualifications and Experience ...........................................................
3.2. Job Hopping.......................................................................................
Unit 4: The Environment..............................................................................
4.1 Environmental problems....................................................................
4.2 Protecting endangered species ..........................................................
Unit 5: Tourism ............................................................................................
5.1. Tourism and the Environment...........................................................
5.2. Culture and Travel.............................................................................
Unit 6: Transport..........................................................................................
6.1 Comparing forms of transport............................................................
6.2. Traffic problems ................................................................................
KEY...............................................................................................................
5
13
15
20
27
29
36
43
45
52
59
61
66
73
75
80
86

6 ANH NGỮ ZIM - Chuyên gia luyện thi IELTS cấp tốc
IELTS test-takers have heard a lot about phrasal verbs, idioms and
collocations, and their seemingly ‘miraculous’ power in IELTS
Speaking. So what are they? Do they indeed do magic, or are they over-
rated? Is learning them a piece of cake or a real headache?
An Idiom is, as defined in the Cambridge Dictionary, “a group ofwords
in a fixed order that have a particular meaning that is different from the
meanings of each word on its own.” So, like chalk and cheese has nothing
to do with chalk and cheese, and there’s nothing flying in your digestive
tract when you say I have butterflies in my stomach. Many idioms entail
vivid images used as a metaphor for the thing you want to describe.
Phrasal verbs consist of a base verb and two or three more
words. The meaning of a phrasal verb is different from the mean-
ing of a base verb. For example, to look after someone doesn’t
mean to look at their backs, and to do up a house is, surprisingly, to
repair and improve it. We can consider phrasal verbs as similar to idioms,
although they are often considered separate concepts in many books for
teaching purposes.
Acollocationisacombinationofwordsthatnaturallygotogether.We‘make
adecision’,not‘doadecision’.‘Large’and‘huge’aresimilarinsomeinstanc-
es,butonly‘huge’collocates,ornaturallygoeswith,thenoun‘advantage’(a
hugeadvantage).Agreatcombinationofa‘V+Adj+N’collocationisto‘offer
distinct advantages’. The boundary between a collocation and an idi-
om is loose; in other words, some dictionaries may consider a phrase an
idiom, but others see it as a collocation. The phrase ‘at risk’ is classified
as an idiom in Oxford Learners’ Dictionary, but a collocation in Cambridge
Dictionary.

7
Glossary
1. a piece of cake: /ə piːs ɒv keɪk/
very easy
2. a real headache: /ə riəl ˈhedeik/
a person or thing that causes worry
3. chalk and cheese: /ʧɔːk ænd ʧiːz/
completely different from each other
4. have butterflies
in your stomach:
/hæv ˈbʌtəflaɪz ɪn jɔː ˈstʌmək/
feel nervous about something
5. look after: /lʊk ˈɑːftə/
take care of
6. do up a house: /duː ʌp/
repaint, repair and improve a house
7. make a decision: /meɪk ə dɪˈsɪʒən/
decide
8. offer distinct
advantages:
/ˈɒfə dɪsˈtɪŋkt ədˈvɑːntɪʤɪz/
to have a lot of clear, obvious benefits
9. at risk: /æt rɪsk/
in a situation when you may be harmed

Prac�i��
Exercise 1:
Label the following photos with the phrases suggesting them.
1.………………………….. 2.…………………………..
3………………………….. 4.…………………………..
Exercise 2:
Fill in each blank with ONE word from the Glossary.
1. Wild animals are ......................... risk of becoming extinct.
2. They are twins, yet surprisingly their personalities are like
......................... and cheese.
3. At first I thought the IELTS test was a piece of ........................., but
then I
1+1=2

9
4. I always have ......................... in my stomach whenever I make a pre-
sentation.
5. This IELTS book offers distinct ......................... to IELTS learners.
Exercise 3:
Complete the following sentences, using the following phraes. You can
make some changes to the phrases if necessary.
a piece of cake offer distinct advantages at risk
look after do up chalk and cheese
1. Our house was built around 10 years ago, and now we need to
......................... a little bit.
2. Some of my friends see Maths as ........................., but I don’t. I almost
failed once last semester!
3. Tom may be ......................... of losing his job; the boss learned that he
had lost a very important folder.
4. While fast food indeed ......................... especially to busy people, I
don’t think that it is healthy if over-consumed.
5. The previous boss and our current one are like ......................... One is
very friendly, and the other is quite aggressive.
6. I was on holiday, so I asked my neighbor to ......................... my garden.

Exercise 4:
Rewrite the following sentences, using the words you have learned.
1. I have decided to take the IELTS test this month.
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
2. My brother is completely different from me.
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
3. Doing Tai-chi is beneficial to old people.
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
4. Before my first interview, I was very nervous because other applicants
were more experienced than I was.
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
5. Adapting to a new lifestyle is very difficult to students who are studying
in a foreign country.
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................

11
Exercise 5:
Answer the following questions, using the phrases you have learned.
1. What is your favorite subject at school?
Suggestion: One possible reason a person likes a subject is that it is easy.
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
2. Do you often speak in front of a lot of people?
Suggestion: Some people are really nervous when they have to deliver a speech in
front of a huge audience.
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
3. What are some benefits of attending online classes?
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
4. Do you think your house needs improvement?
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................

Down:
1. He was at ......................... of
being fired because of his terrible
performance.
2. synonym of “do up”
3. Thanks to his relentless effort,
he was ......................... out for
promotion.
Across:
4. To be anxious is to have
......................... in your stomach.
5. The Internet .........................
several distinct advantages.
6. They are different like chalk and
..........................
7. The interview was a piece of
..........................
CONSOLIDATION
1
2 3
4
5
6
7

15
2.1 TECHNOLOGY IN EDUCATION
Online learning really does wonders for my English skills. Around
3 years ago, English was my Achilles heel. Grammar was a
real struggle, and I couldn’t make head nor tail of what the
teacher was trying to explain. However, one day, one of my friends
introduced me to an open course on Canvas, an online-based learning
site, and I was completely hooked! You know, I had to admit that I was a
little bit slow on the uptake, and with the site, I could learn at my own
pace – I mean, I could replay the video lessons as many times as I liked
until I completely took in all the information. And you know what, my
English came on in leaps and bounds. I passed my final test with flying
colors!
While online learning is really convenient, social networking is a nuisance
to my learning process. It always gets on my nerves when I am studying
and somebody just keeps texting me every 5 minutes!

Glossary
1. do wonders /duː ˈwʌndəz/
have a very good effect on sb/sth
2. Achilles heel /əˌkɪliːz ˈhiːl/
a weak point
3. couldn’t make
head nor tail of
/ˈkʊdnt meɪk hed ɔː teɪl/
be completely confused
4. completely
hooked
/kəmˈpliːtli hʊkt/
enjoying sth very much
5. slow on
the uptake
/sləʊ ɒn ði ˈʌpteɪk/
to be slow to understand sth
6. at my own pace /æt maɪ əʊn peɪs/
at the speed that suits me
7. take in /teɪk ɪn/
to understand sth
8. came on in
leaps and bounds
/kʌm ɒn ɪn liːps ænd baʊndz/
improved very quickly
9. with flying colors /wɪð ˈflaɪɪŋ ˈkʌləz/
with a very high grade
10. a nuisance /ə ˈnjuːsns/
sth that is annoying
11. get on my nerves /gɛt ɒn maɪ nɜːvz/
make me feel very annoyed

17
Prac�i��
Exercise 1:
There is an error in each of the following sentences. Find and correct
them.
1. Eating vegetables really makes wonders for my health.
2. John really couldn’t make tail nor head of what his father was saying.
3. With that terrible grade, passing the exam with flown colors is just a
dream.
4. Nowadays, the Internet allows students to study effectively on their
own pace.
5. His repeated mistakes really got into the boss’s nerves.
Exercise 2:
Fill in each blank with an appropriate phrase.
completely hooked couldn’t make head nor tail of with flying colors
take in slow on the uptake Achilles heel
at my own pace do wonders
1.Hepassedhisexam.....................althoughhedidn’tstudyhardthrough-
out the semester.

2. He was ..................... on that game after seeing Tom brilliantly playing
it.
3. English was my ..................... when I was in university. I hated it.
4. Despite listening carefully, I still ..................... what my tutor said.
5. If you want to ..................... all the information in the letter, you should
read it twice.
6. He’s pretty ..................... so I usually spend more than one hour review-
ing each lesson with him.
7. I think using a computer is the best way for me to study .....................
8. Drinking a lot of water can ..................... for my health because it helps
maintain the balance of body fluids.
Exercise 3:
1. I am really mad because he keeps making the same mistake.
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
2. Eating an apple a day will be greatly beneficial to your health.
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
3. With this MOOC platform, we are able to learn at the speed that suits
us most.
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................

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4. I completely didn’t understand what the maths teacher was saying.
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
5. I have to admit that it takes me a lot of time to understand the lesson.
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
Exercise 4:
Answer the following questions, using the words that you’ve learned.
1. Have you ever learned anything on an online platform?
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
2. Is online learning popular in your country?
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
3. What are some advantages and disadvantages of online learning?
...................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................

2.2 Higher Education
A: Hi Tom! Long time no see, how have you been doing?
B: Well I’ve just passed the university entrance exam with
flying colors and received an acceptance letter. That was absolutely
fantastic!
A: Congrats! What school are you going to attend?
B: Foreign Trade University, one of the top-ranking schools in Vietnam.
A: So, how do you feel? Is it great?
B: Yeah, I am very proud of myself because, you know, the
admission is really competitive. However, I am afraid that I will have to
deal with the incredible pressure of lots of deadlines and assignments.
So, what about you?
A: I’m now studying at the University of Education, specializing in En-
glish, and everything is good here. My friends are so nice and my lectur-
ers are approachable. All of them have helped me a lot in my studies.
Also, the equipment is top-notch with projectors, air-conditioners and
smart boards.
B: How lucky you are! Do you have any plans for your university life?
A: Oh yes I do. I intend to do a part-time job at an English center to get
hands-on experience. Oh, my mom is calling so I have to go home now.
See you next time!
B: Ah OK, See you soon. Take care!

21
Glossary
1. academic
performance
/ækəˈdɛmɪk pəˈfɔːməns/
the performance of someone at school
2. entrance
examination
/ˈɛntrəns ɪgˌzæmɪˈneɪʃən/
an examination that educational institutions
conduct to select prospective students for ad-
mission
3. top-ranking /tɒp-ræŋkt/
considered to be among the best of its type
4. specialized in /ˈspɛʃəlaɪzd ɪn/
be very good at something
5. enrich /ɪnˈrɪʧ/
to make something better
6. hands-on
experience
/hændz-ɒn ɪksˈpɪərɪəns/
hands-on experience or training involves you
doing something rather than just reading about
it or watching other people do it
8.Competitive
admission
/kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv ədˈmɪʃ(ə)n/
the process through which students enter ter-
tiary education at universities and colleges.
9. Top-notch /ˈtɒpˈnɒʧ/
very high in quality
10. rewarding /rɪˈwɔːdɪŋ/
giving you satisfaction, pleasure, or profit
11. academic
attainment
/ækəˈdɛmɪk əˈteɪnmənt/
academic achievement

Prac�i��
Exercise 1:
Circle the correct word
1. Reading books and doing homework every day will help you improve
your physical / academic performance.
2. After finishing an undergraduate course and eventually getting a uni-
versity degree / certificate, Peter got a decent job in a local company.
3. I have just received the result of my university entrance / entry
examination. It was higher than I had expected and I was totally surprised!
4. Well, I am studying at RMIT University, which is one of the top-ranking
/ top-notched universities in Vietnam. You know, the facilities are way too
modern and people, including teachers and classmates, are friendly and
supportive.
5. Tuan is the best student in my class. He specializes in /on many subjects
such as Math, Literature, English and even Chemistry.
Exercise 2:
Complete using the correct form of the word in the box.
Top-notch enrich admission incredible pressure hands-on
1. Studying in university allows me to engage in many extracurricular ac-
tivities and more importantly …………. my professional knowledge.

23
2. Why do you want to seek a part-time job, Jack? - Well, I would like to
work part-time because I want to get more ……………… experience which
I think will be necessary for me in my future job. 3. You should think care-
fully before applying for that company since the …………... is incredibly
competitive.
4. Women nowadays have to deal with …………………. from work and fam-
ily.
5. There are many reasons why I chose to study at that school, but the
think I love most is the …………. equipment which is a great help for us
during our study.
Exercise 3:
Choose the correct answer:
1. Well, I am very busy with my study at the moment. You know, I just can
do ……… at my restaurant on Monday, Wednesday and Friday.
a. full-time student
b. half-time student
c. a part-time job
d. full-time job
2. I am truly astonished at what this house is designed and equipped with.
There are tons of ……… facilities here, like the automatic light system and
the AI-supported TV.
a. top-world
b. best-notch
c. top-notch
d. outdated

3. Teaching can be a very ………… career. It enables teachers to nurture
and develop young talents.
a. dissatisfying
b. rewarding
c. funny
d. hard-working
4. Vietnam has a surprisingly high record of academic ………………... re-
garding Physics in the International Olympics compared to that of other
countries like the US and Canada.
a. aims
b. objectives
c. attainment
d. expectation
Exercise 4:
Matching sentences:
1. Studying at university is one of
my great memories;
2. To gain a deeper insight into
science subjects
3. There are hundreds of gradu-
ates
4. Going to university can be re-
garded
5. To get admitted to Har-
vard
a. students should be allowed to
put their learned knowledge into
practice through experiments.
b. I had many opportunities to par-
take in various extracurricular activ-
ities.
c. I had to meet a lot of demands,
ranging from having a high GPA to
scoring 7.5 overall in the IELTS test.
d. who cannot find work every year.
e. as a turning point for every stu-
dent.

25
Exercise 5:
Do the following IELTS Part 2, using the words you have learned.
Describe a period from your studies that you find difficult.
You should say:
• When it was
• What you did at that time
• How you felt at that time
• And explain why you think it’s difficult
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................

Across:
2. Many Asian parents expect too much from
their children’s academic ____________.
3. I couldn’t make head or ____________ of
what was shown on TV.
4. Lisa was really lucky to work for that top-
____________ company.
6. This word is pronounced “ˈnjuːsəns”.
8.Passingtheexamswithflying___________
is every Vietnamese student’s wish.
Down:
1. This word is pro-
nounced “rɪˈwɔːdɪŋ”
4. nɜːvz
5. Acupuncture
is believed to do
____________ to your
health.
7. She is a talented
lawyer that specializes
____________ divorces.
CONSOLIDATION
1
2
3 4
5
6 7
8

29
3.1 QUALIFICATIONS AND EXPERIENCE
At a job interview for a teaching position:
A: interviewer – B: interviewee
A: Hello. Please have a seat. How are you today?
B: Well honestly, although I am well-prepared, I still have butterflies in
my stomach.
A: Haha, don’t worry! Put your mind at ease. This is just a normal conver-
sation. Ok, so now. Let’s get started. First, tell me something about your
background.
B: I’ve got a bachelor’s degree from the University of Pedagogy, an IELTS
certificate of 8.0 overall as well as an A-level certificate in Computer Ap-
plication.
A: That’s great. However, those things are already listed in your CV. Could
you please tell me more about your experience?
B: Well okay. I have 1-year experience of teaching kids in ABC center and
another 1 year teaching IELTS students. I know that besides academic
achievements, experience also plays an integral role in finding a well-
paid job. Therefore, I went part-time regularly when I was at my univer-
sity.
A: Oh, great to hear that. Ok, one last question: Why did you choose our
company?
B: Because you have a great reputation for IELTS training. I was really
impressed by your student’s hall of fame. Besides, there are also many
rewarding perks in your job description. Those two factors really prove to
me that you are an ideal workplace.

A: Thank you. OK, now the interview is over. I would like to inform you
that there is now a period of probation. After two months, if there is
good feedback from students, you will be officially employed. What do
you think?
B: Thank you for giving me such an opportunity. I will try my best.
A: Ok, see you next Monday, B.
B: See you. Have a good day

31
Glossary
1. butterflies in
my stomach
/ˈbʌt.ə.flaɪs ɪn maɪ ˈstʌm.ək/
Being very nervous about something
2. put your mind
at ease
/pʊt jər maɪnd æt iːz/
Cease to be anxious about something
3. certificate /səˈtɪf.ɪ.kət/
A qualification proving that you have completed a course
of study (usually below 1 year)
4. degree /dɪˈɡriː/
The qualification obtained by students who completed a
college or university course
5 Academic
achievement
/æk.əˈdem.ɪk əˈtʃiːv.mənt/
Achievements related to study at school
6. Experience [U/ C] /ɪkˈspɪər·i·əns/
Knowledge or skill that is obtained from doing
Experience [C] /ɪkˈspɪər·i·əns/
Something that happens to you that affects how you feel
7. Play an integral
role in something
/pleɪ ən ˈɪn.tɪ.ɡrəl roʊl/
Have a lot of power or influence in a particular situation
8. Go part-time /ɡəʊˌpɑːtˈtaɪm/
Take a part-time job
9. Have a
reputation for
/Hæv ə rep.jəˈteɪ.ʃən fɔːr/
Be famous for
10. rewarding perk /rɪˈwɔː.dɪŋ pɜːk/
An extra, such as money or goods, that you are given
because of your job
11. probation /prəˈbeɪ.ʃən/
A starting period of a new job when you are tested to
see if you are suitable

Prac�i��
Exercise 1:
1. I’m meeting her parents tonight, and I now feel like I have butterflies in
my stomach / putting myself at ease.
2. I had many unpleasant experience / experiences at the dentist’s.
3. I’ve had 2-year experience / probation in dealing with kids
4. IT plays an integral role in / puts a halt to modernizing the organization.
5. A company car and a mobile phone are some of the perks / reputation
that come with the job.
Exercise 2:
Go part-time;
Academic achievement;
Rewarding perks
Have a reputation for;
Degree;
Certificate
1. A 7-day trip to Thailand is one of the ………………... of this job.
2. After joining our voluntary program for 3 months, you will receive a
………………...

33
3. She studies abroad to take a Masters ……………..
4. Besides studying, students often choose to ……………. at some conve-
nience stores to get hands-on experience.
5. Good ……………. at school doesn’t secure a good job in the future. A
lot of A grades don’t mean anything if you can’t put what you learn into
practice.
6. Oxford University ……………. being one of the best institutions in the
world.
Exercise 3:
1. Many companies keep personnel loyal to their jobs by providing
………………...
A. Degree
B. Rewarding Perks
C. Probation
2. For an initial period of ………………..., you will be watched closely by your
manager
A. Going part-time
B. Probation
C. Experiencing
3. The company has a worldwide ………………... quality.
A. Reputation for
B. Interest in
C. Reputation of
D. Fame of

4. He is a very skilled photographer. He knows how to ………………... to
have a natural photograph.
A. Ask everyone for a help
B. Let everyone for ease
C. Put everyone at ease
Exercise 4:
1. I am so nervous because I have to deliver a speech in the next 5 min-
utes.
………………………………………………………………………………………….......................
………………………………………………………………………………………….......................
2. When people know how to be relaxed, they will perform much better.
………………………………………………………………………………………….......................
………………………………………………………………………………………….......................
3. I was monitored by my supervisors for nearly 4 months before becom-
ing an official employee of the company.
………………………………………………………………………………………….......................
………………………………………………………………………………………….......................
4. One of the benefits of working at this company is a free daily commute
by car.
………………………………………………………………………………………….......................
………………………………………………………………………………………….......................

35
Exercise 5:
Describe a skill that cannot be learned at school.
You should say:
• What it is
• How to learn it
• How long it requires you to learn
• Explain why we should learn it
………………………………………………………………………………………….......................
………………………………………………………………………………………….......................
.…………………………………………………………………………………………......................
………………………………………………………………………………………….......................
.…………………………………………………………………………………………......................
………………………………………………………………………………………….......................
......…………………………………………………………………………………………..................
………………………………………………………………………………………….......................
………………………………………………………………………………………….......................
………………………………………………………………………………………….......................
………………………………………………………………………………………….......................

3.2 JOB HOPPING
1. A: Why do many people change their jobs nowadays?
B: While some people choose to stay at a company for their whole lives,
employees, especially the young, prefer to change their jobs every now
and then as it brings them numerous benefits. Firstly, job hoppers are
able to broaden their horizons when having a go at various types of jobs.
Eventually, they will be more likely to understand themselves and find out
the most suitable jobs. Furthermore, their lives can become much more
exciting because they can challenge themselves with many harsh situa-
tions when they are in new positions. Last but not least, they can widen
their social circles and contacts in different workplaces.
2. A: Are there any difficulties that people have to deal with when chang-
ing their jobs?
B: The first problem I can think of is that they have fewer opportunities to
get promoted because employers always value the long-term dedication
and faith of their staff. On top of that, it takes time to familiarize them-
selves with brand new working environments.

37
Glossary
1. Every now
and then
/ˈev.ri naʊ ænd ðen/
sometimes but not often
2.Broaden
one’s horizons
/ˈbrɔː.dən wʌns həˈraɪ.zəns/
Expand one’s knowledge
3. have a go at /Hæv ə ɡəʊ æt/
Try something
4.harsh /hɑːʃ/
unpleasant, unkind
5. contact /ˈkɒn.tækt/
a person who can give you introductions that will
help you at work.
6.workplace /ˈwɜːk.pleɪs/
Places where people work
7. get promoted /ɡet prəˈməʊtid/
Move to a higher position at work
8.value /ˈvæl.juː/
Consider something important
9.dedication /ˌded.ɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/
the willingness to give a lot of energy to do some-
thing
10.faith /feɪθ/
Trust or confidence in something
11.familiarize /fəˈmɪl·jəˌrɑɪz/
Learn how to get used to something

Prac�i��
Exercise 1:
1. She’s just got promoted to / had a go at senior sales representative
because of her hard work.
2. Having not much faith/contact in the company, he decided to find a
new one.
3. I’ve always valued / broadened my horizons her advice because she is
a very experienced woman.
4. He has always shown great dedication / contact to this company
5. You’ll successfully be able to solve the problem - I have great faith /
dedication in you.
Exercise 2:
Every now and then Broadens my horizons Harsh
workplace Have a go at it Familiarize
1. We thought the punishment was rather …………… for such a minor of-
fense.
2. I’ve never done this before but I’ll …………….

39
3. The survey asks workers about facilities in their …………….
4. Reading certainly ………………., giving me a better insight into the world.
5. We still meet for lunch ……………, but not as often as we used to.
6. Teachers needed to ……………themselves with the new software.
Exercise 3:
1. If you can get the highest votes, you will …………….to the position of
team leader.
A. Broaden your horizons
B. Put yourself at ease
C. Have a go
D. Get promoted
2. After the trial, his family said they had lost all …………… in the judicial
system.
A. Faith
B. Workplace
C. Dedication
D. Academic achievement
3. Managers have to guarantee safety standards in the ……………
A. harsh
B. every now and then
C. workplace
D. probation

4. Never say …………… words that can hurt your parents’ feelings.
A. Integral
B. Perk
C. Harsh
D. Reputable
Exercise 4:
1. While some people choose to stay at a company for their whole lives,
young employees prefer to change their jobs frequently.
………………………………………………………………………………………..........................
………………………………………………………………………………………..........................
2. Job swappers have fewer opportunities to move to a higher position
because employers always care about the numbers of hours and effort of
their staff.
………………………………………………………………………………………..........................
………………………………………………………………………………………..........................
3. I don’t really know how she got the job, but I think she knows some-
body who can give her an introduction to our manager.
………………………………………………………………………………………..........................
………………………………………………………………………………………..........................
4. A: This jar is impossible to open.
B: Here, let me try to open it.
………………………………………………………………………………………..........................
………………………………………………………………………………………..........................

41
Exercise 5:
Describe a time when you changed your job.
You should say:
• When it was
• Why you changed
• What happened
• What you felt after changing
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Across:
2. A newbie should __________ himself or
herself with the new workplace.
4. You are experiencing a period of ___________
before you can actually take the job.
5. Although we’ve broken up, every now and
_________ I still miss him.
6. this word is pronounced /ˈɪntɪɡrəl/
7. I have put my __________ in the wrong person.
8. It’s really easy. Why don’t you have a
__________?
Down:
1. cockroach-
es can survive
in __________
conditions.
3. This word is
pronounced /
ˌrepjʊˈteɪʃ(ə)n/
CONSOLIDATION
1
2 3
4
5
6
7
8

45
4.1 Environmental problems
There are many things people can do to tackle environmental pollution
and make our earth a better place for future generations. A hybrid car is
an ideal choice; it does not rely entirely on fossil fuels, so it helps reduce
carbon emissions significantly. Also, more trees need to be planted be-
cause they have a pivotal role to play in taking in carbon dioxide and re-
leasing oxygen. As a result, if there are more plants or trees there will be
more oxygen in the world. Recycling is also seen as another remedy since
it saves new resources from being exhausted. More specifically, recycling
paper products can save thousands of trees from being used. Last but not
least, people can use alternative energy sources which are environmen-
tally-friendly such as solar and wind power, which is believed to prevent
the exhaustion of fossil fuels. Eliminating pollution is not what we should
do; it’s what we must do.

Glossary
1. eliminate /ɪˈlɪmɪneɪt/
to get rid of something that is not wanted or
needed
2. environmental
pollution
/ɪnˌvaɪrənˈment(ə)l -pəˈluːʃ(ə)n/
the process of damaging the environment
3. a hybrid car /ˈhaɪbrɪd/-/kɑː(r)/
a car that can run using either petrol or elec-
tricity
4. fossil fuels /ˈfɒsəl ˌfjuːəl/
enjoying something very much
5. Carbon
emissions
/ɪˈmɪʃ(ə)n/
carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide in the at-
mosphere, produced by vehicles and industrial
processes
6. pivotal /ˈpɪvət(ə)l/
extremely important and affecting how some-
thing develops
7. remedy /ˈremədi/
a solution to a particular problem
8. alternative
energy sources
/ɔːlˈtɜː(r)nətɪv-ˈenə(r)dʒi-sɔː(r)sis/
a source of energy that people use to replace
the current ones
9. environmental
ly-friendly
/ɪnˌvaɪrənˈment(ə)li-ˈfren(d)li/
designed not to harm the natural environment
10. exhaustion /ɪɡˈzɔːstʃ(ə)n/
Using all that you have of something

47
Prac�i��
Exercise 1:
Choose the most suitable word for the questions below:
1. We can do a lot of things to............................... environmental pollu-
tion, for example planting trees and recycling.
a. protect b. do harm to
c. eliminate d. increase
2. ................................................ is one of the most pressing issues that
humans are facing because it causes many natural disasters such as
flood and drought.
a. rising illiteracy rates b. poverty
c. environmental pollution d. crime
3. .......................... is a kind of vehicle that can use many kinds of energy
including electricity and petrol.
a. long vehicles b. bicycles
c. hybrid cars d. trucks
4. Once .................. are used up, it will take another hundred thousand
years for them to be renewed.
a. fossil fuels b. wind energy
c. solar energy d. geothermal heat

5. Carbon .................. reached a historic high in 2017 according to a new
report by a major intergovernmental organization.
a. creations b. emissions
c. release d. distribution
Exercise 2:
Matching information:
1. The US plays a pivotal role in
the Paris climate accord
2. The best possible remedy to
tackle
3. The use of alternative energy
sources would
4. Hybrid cars at present are con-
sidered as one of the most envi-
ronmentally friendly types of ve-
hicle
5. Increased consumption will
lead to
a. climate change is to cutting down
the number of cars using fossil fuels
every single year.
b. because this is one the most de-
veloped countries with thousands
of factories releasing a great deal of
CO2 every year.
c. faster exhaustion of our natural
resources.
d. because they consume a lower
amount of petrol.
e. contribute a lot to lowering the
use of fossil fuels.

49
Exercise 3:
remedies exhaustion Recycling
Carbon emissions eliminated
1. Many infectious diseases have been virtually ...................... thanks to
the advent of vaccines.
2. Planting more trees and encouraging people to use public transport
have become the two most possible................................ for global air
pollution.
3. Global............................. rose to a historic high of 32.5 gigatons last
year, after three years of being flat, due to higher energy demand and the
slowing of energy efficiency improvements.
4. The government has been calling for the ...................... of all paper in
order to cut down on the number of trees chopped down every year.
5. Bahrain was the first country in Arab Gulf to manufacture oil, in 1932,
but its reserves are now near...........................
Exercise 4:
Answer the questions below using the given words:
1. What do you think about environmental pollution?
………………………………………………………………..................................................
………………………………………………………………..................................................
………………………………………………………………..................................................

2. What can people do address this problem?
………………………………………………………………..................................................
………………………………………………………………..................................................
3. What would happen if people did not solve this problem?
………………………………………………………………..................................................
………………………………………………………………..................................................
Exercise 5:
Describe an environmental law which should be implemented in your
country.
You should say:
• What law would it be
• Why people should follow the law
• How this law should be implemented
• Whether it is easy to enforce this law
………………………………………………………………...................................................
………………………………………………………………...................................................
………………………………………………………………...................................................
………………………………………………………………...................................................
………………………………………………………………...................................................
………………………………………………………………...................................................
………………………………………………………………...................................................

51
………………………………………………………………...................................................
………………………………………………………………...................................................
………………………………………………………………...................................................
………………………………………………………………...................................................
………………………………………………………………...................................................
………………………………………………………………...................................................
………………………………………………………………...................................................
………………………………………………………………...................................................
………………………………………………………………...................................................
………………………………………………………………...................................................
………………………………………………………………...................................................
………………………………………………………………...................................................
………………………………………………………………...................................................
………………………………………………………………...................................................
………………………………………………………………...................................................
………………………………………………………………...................................................
………………………………………………………………...................................................
………………………………………………………………...................................................

4.2 Protecting endangered species
Nowadays, more and more animal species are on the verge of extinction.
There are several reasons for this pressing issue and many ways to pro-
tect them can be suggested.
Rising global population can be seen as the root cause of this problem.
Massive deforestation has taken place, destroying the habitats of ani-
mals living in forests. As a consequence, animals are forced to relocate
and sometimes encroach on human habitats. The second reason for this
is the increased levels of pollution. Air and water pollution are causing
death among birds and fishes. Many wild animals are facing their worst
scenario: becoming extinct.
The first step to safeguard the animal species is to learn about the natu-
ral environment. By learning about the operation of delicate ecosystems,
one can begin to understand their values and develop a personal interest
in protecting it. The second one would be to establish more and more
nature reserves in which wild animals could be protected from poaching
and trapping.

53
Glossary
1. on the verge
of extinction
/ɒn ðə vɜːʤ ɒv ɪksˈtɪŋkʃən/
nearly extinct
2. root cause /ruːt kɔːz /
the main reason
3. deforestation /dɪˌfɒrɪˈsteɪʃ(ə)n/
clearing forests
4. relocate /riːləʊˈkeɪt/
move to a different place
5. scenario sɪˈnɑːrɪəʊ/
a situation that could possibly happen
6. safeguard /ˈseɪfgɑːd /
protect
7. nature reserves /ˈneɪʧə rɪˈzɜːvz/
an area of land in which animals and plants are
protected
8. poaching /pəʊʧɪŋ/
illegal hunting
9. trapping /træpɪŋ/
to prevent someone from escaping from some-
where, especially a dangerous place
10. habitats /ˈhæbɪtæts/
the natural home of a plant or animal
11. ecosystems /ˈiːkəʊˌsɪstəmz/
all the animals and plants in a particular area,
and the way in which they are related to each
other and to their environment

Prac�i��
Exercise 1:
ecosystem poached trapped
habitat nature reserve
1. Many species of burrowing insects are essential for maintaining a
healthy soil .................
2. Deer have been ............ here for years.
3. Care should be taken not to harm the environment in the .............. ,
which was designated a world heritage area.
4. The grassland is an important ............... for many wild flowers.
5. Every year, nearly 10 million raccoons, coyotes, wolves, bobcats, opos-
sums,nutria,beavers,otters,andotherfur-bearinganimalsare...................

55
Exercise 2:
Matching information:
1. Tigers are now being constantly
hunted, ..........
2. The destruction of natural habi-
tats .......
3. Deforestation has been shown
.........
4. Organizations may choose
...........
5. The worst-case scenario is that
the majority of current forests ........
a. to relocate to a new area for
a variety of reasons.
b. which can give rise to their
extinction in the not-faraway
future.
c. which has killed off more
species is currently the biggest
cause of current extinctions.
d. will disappear due to the
over-cultivation of humans.
e. to cause floods and drought.
Exercise 3:
1. Those ................. elephants for their ivory tusks must be severely pun-
ished.
a. playing b.poaching c. taking d. caring
2. The Amazon rainforest has a very complex and delicate .................
a. house b. nature c. ecosystem d. protection
3. The land is severely eroded as a result of widespread ................ and
intensive farming.
a. deforestation b. building
c. accommodation d. infrastructure

4. We hope that world leaders can agree on a plan to .................. the en-
vironment.
a. tackle b. address
c. safeguard d. promote
5. A rare bird is in danger of losing its natural ......................
a. mountain b. habitat
c. workplace d. nest
Exercise 4:
Answer the questions below:
1. Why do we need to protect wild animals?
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
2. How can we do this?
....................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................
3. Do people in your country care about the extinction of many species
around the world?
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
4. Some people say that only governments and large companies can ad-
dress environmental problems, but not normal people. What do you
think about this statement?
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................

57
CONSOLIDATION
1
2
3 4
5
6
7
8

Across:
2. There is not a simple ____________ for unemployment.
3. This word is pronounced /ˌdiːˌfɒrɪˈsteɪʃn/
6. This word can be both a noun and a verb.
8. illegal hunting
Down:
1. a ____________ vehicle utilizes different sorts of energy.
4. This word is pronounced /ɪɡˈzɔːstʃən/
5. Due to the high demand for their horns, rhinos have been driven to the
__________ of extinction.
7. This word is pronounced ˈpɪvət(ə)l

61
5.1. Tourism and the Environment
Travelling to remote areas has been in vogue in recent years. From the
Himalayas to the Sahara, people have been to virtually every place in this
world, leaving their footprints, and also tons of garbage behind. While
the feeling of being in the middle of nowhere is great, its negative im-
pacts on the environment should be taken into thorough consideration.
Ecotourism has been considered a good solution to that problem. It is
believed to not only minimize the negative effects of tourism on the en-
vironment, but also aims to contribute to the conservation of a place to
a certain extent. For example, a group of eco-tourists usually travel on
foot, by boat or by bicycle, and refrain from using any vehicles that re-
lease exhaust fumes. The money they spent on places such as nature
reserve will be used for further animal protecting campaigns.
All in all, tourists should bear in mind that we shouldn’t just go to a new
place, enjoy it and leave it spoiled. Responsible eco-tourists don’t just
visit a place; they embrace it.

Glossary
1. in vogue /ɪn vəʊg/
trendy; popular
2. in the middle
of nowhere
/ɪn ðə ˈmɪdl ɒv ˈnəʊweə/
in an unknown place
3. take into
consideration
/teɪk ˈɪntuː kənˌsɪdəˈreɪʃən/
consider something
4. to a certain
extent
/tuː ə ˈsɜːtn ɪksˈtɛnt/
partly, not completely
5. refrain from /rɪˈfreɪn frɒm/
stop yourself from doing something
6. exhaust fumes /ɪgˈzɔːst fjuːmz/
emissions, esp. from vehicles
7. nature reserve /ˈnæʧrəl rɪˈzɜːv/
an area of land where wild animals are offi-
cially protected
8. bear in mind /beər ɪn maɪnd /
consider; take into consideration
9. embrace /ɪmˈbreɪs/
accept something as a part of your life

63
Prac�i��
Exercise 1:
Each of the following sentences has one error. Find and correct them.
1. The government should take this issue toward great consideration.
2. Jeans have been on vogue for years.
3. At a certain extent, fast food is quite advantageous, especially to busy
people.
4. Exhausted fumes from cars can result in severe environmental pollu-
tion.
5. Please prevent from using the toilet while the plane is taking off.
Exercise 2:
Fill in each blank with ONE word.
1. Nature ………………….. are where wild animals are officially conserved.
2. The car broke down in the middle of ………………….., and now we are in
big trouble because we can’t find a place to fix it.
3. You must take ………………….. consideration the candidate’s experience.
4. People ………………….., or supported, the new pro-LGBT law.
5. To a ………………….. extent, there is some truth in what she said.
6. Thanks for reminding me; I will bear your suggestions in ……………………

Exercise 3:
Make sentences using the following clues.
1. Please/refrain/use/mobile phones/while/plane/take off.
....................................................................................................................
2. bear/mind/you/assignments/complete.
....................................................................................................................
3. Quantity/exhaust fumes/vehicles/seriously/reduce/air quality.
....................................................................................................................
4. take/everything/consideration/seminar/big success.
....................................................................................................................
5. Rather than/detest/disability/he/embrace/it.
....................................................................................................................
Exercise 4:
Paraphrase the following sentences, using the words you learned.
1. He lives is a cottage in a very remote area, far away from town.
....................................................................................................................
2. T-shirts and Jeans never go out of fashion.
....................................................................................................................
3. Carbon emissions from cars can cause lung cancer.
....................................................................................................................
4. Pacifists love the idea that people should stop violence in order to find
peace.
....................................................................................................................

65
Exercise 5:
Describe a memorable holiday.
You should say:
• when you went on this holiday
• where you went
• what you did
• explain why it’s memorable
..................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................
* Follow-up questions
1. What are some benefits of going away on holiday?
2. Do you think that tourists should take responsibility for the place that
they’ve traveled to?
3. Are there any differences in the way the young and the old go away on
holiday?

5.2. Culture and Travel
A: Hey, I’ve heard you had a wonderful trip. Where did you go?
B: You know I always have a thirst for adventure and often get itchy feet
so I decided to take a trip to Phan Thiet after finishing my final exam.
A: Oh, sounds exciting!
B: Yeah, my dad used to have a business trip in Phan Thiet and he high-
ly recommended that I go there so that I can get immerse myself in
breathtaking scenery. My budget doesn’t quite stretch to luxury trips so
I booked a ticket from a low-cost airline to the city.
A: What did you do there?
B: There were a lot of things for me to enjoy when being at such an amaz-
ing tourist destination, but I spent most time admiring the view of the
tranquil countryside near the city center, and can you guess what I found?
A: What?
B: I was lucky enough to find a secluded beach which dominates the
landscape, and I took a lot of photos of it. I’ll post them on my Facebook
so that you can enjoy its beauty with me. How about you? Are there any
plans for your summer?
A: Oh yes. My friends and I have a plan to visit Quang Binh province where
we can discover Phong Nha cave – a famous national park -- as well as
some unexplored wilderness. Oh, my mom is calling so I have to go home
now. See you next time!
B: Ah OK, See you soon. Take care!

67
Glossary
1. business trip /ˌˈbɪznɪs trɪp/
a journey taken for business purposes
2. breathtaking
scenery
/ˈbreθˌteɪ.kɪŋ ˈsiː.nər.i/
Extremely striking and beautiful views
3. admire the view /ədˈmaɪə ðə vjuː/
to look at something and think how beautiful
or impressive it is
4. dominate the
landscape
/ˈdɒm.ɪ.neɪt ˈlænd.skeɪp/
Can be seen from a long way away
5. secluded place /sɪˈklu·dɪd biːtʃ/
A place without many people
6. a thirst for /θɜːst fɔːr/
to want something very much
7. get itchy feet /get ˈɪtʃ.i fiːt/
to want to travel
8. low-cost /ˌləʊˈkɒst ˈeə.laɪn/
Cheap, or not costing as much as other things
of the same type.
9. get myself
immersed in
/get ɪˈmɜːs maɪˈself ɪn/
to spend most of your time doing something
or thinking about it
10. tranquil
countryside
/ˈtræŋ.kwɪl ˈkʌn.tri.saɪd/
A formal way of ‘peaceful countryside’

Prac�i��
Exercise 1:
1. My brother has little chance to go sightseeing when he’s on a business
/ foreign trip.
2. You can seek a better work-life balance and enjoy the relaxed pace of
life with a trip to the tranquil / bustling countryside.
3. A secluded / excluded beach is a place for you and your family to enjoy
your holidays without being distracted by too many people.
4. The breathtaking / breathe taking scenery of Britain can offer you a
feeling of being closer to nature.
Exercise 2:
tranquil countryside a thirst for low-cost
my budget doesn’t quite stretch to breathtaking scenery
dominates the landscape
1. Most students tend to buy ……………items in order to save money even
though some of them are of poor quality.

69
2. Tom has ………………… knowledge so he spends most of his free time
reading academic books.
3. I prefer…………… to busy city so I often drive my girlfriend to the sub-
urbs so that we can enjoy its fresh air and its ……………
4. If ………………………………………………… this trip to Africa, I will ask my par-
ents for financial assistance.
5. That castle is so huge that it ……………………… which attracts thousands
of tourists annually.
Exercise 3:
1. I’ve just graduated so I really want to travel to somewhere after
studying hard through four years.
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
2. I’d like to have a huge library in my house so that I can spend most of
my time reading my favorite books.
....................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................
3. I can’t afford to buy a car so I have to walk to school which is 3 km
away from my house.
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
4. I’m very proud of my country which has a plenty of beautiful views
and great hiking spots.
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................

5. Many famous actors want to be famous. So much that they dare to
create serious scandals.
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
Exercise 4:
Answer the following questions, using the words that you’ve learned.
1. Do you prefer to live in the city or the countryside?
...................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................
2. What are some advantages and disadvantages of low-cost flights?
...................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................
Exercise 5:
Describe an interesting place that few people know.
You should say:
• Where it is
• When you go there
• What you can do there
• Why few people go there
...................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................

71
...................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................

Across:
1. peaceful
3. private and peaceful; not
near people or places
7. After 5 hours being off
the track, I realise that I was
lost; I am in the ________
of nowhere.
8. this word is pronounced
/vəʊɡ/
Down:
2. There is a new nature ___________
built in this area.
4. Some people are worried that robots
will __________ the world in the near
future.
5. My __________ doesn’t quite stretch,
so I think I would rather stay home this
time.
6. He was overcome by smoke and ex-
haust __________ from cars.
CONSOLIDATION
1 2
3 4 5
7
6
8

75
6.1 Comparing forms of transport
The type of transport that people choose to use depends on the purpose
of traveling and the length of a journey. Most people use cars for short
and long journeys because of their convenience. They can travel at a time
that suits them and get from A to B without taking additional busses or
walking. However, owning cars is less appealing to city dwellers as traffic
congestion is a perennial problem in major cities. For short distances,
cycling is not a bad option. Being able to get through rush hour traffic
quickly is the key advantage of traveling by bikes. However, riding a bike
demands high attention because cyclists do not face the oncoming traf-
fic. Public transport is another ideal choice because it covers most roads
in the city. Due to frequent stops, the journey may take longer than ex-
pected, so buses or trains are not the best options when people are cut-
ting it fine for important events.

Glossary
1. get from A to B /gɛt frɒm ə tuː biː/
travel from one place to another
2. traffic congestion/
traffic jam
/ˈtræfɪk kənˈʤɛsʧən/ | /ˈtræfɪk ʤæm/
a large number of vehicles close together and
unable to move or moving very slowly
3. perennial /pəˈrɛniəl/
always existing and not seeming to change
4. rush hour /rʌʃ ˈaʊər/
a time when traffic is at its heaviest
5. key advantage /ki ædˈvæntɪʤ/
the most favorable aspect of sth
6. oncoming traffic /ˈɔnˌkʌmɪŋ ˈtræfɪk/
traffic that is coming towards you
7. cut it/thing fine /kʌt ɪt/θɪŋ faɪn/
leave yourself only a very short amount of time
to do something

77
Prac�i��
Exercise 1:
Fill in each gap with a suitable phrase from the list. You may change the
phrases to fit the sentence.
get from A to B – rush hour – key advantage
oncoming traffic – perennial – traffic congestion
1. It takes 30 minutes to drive there, but maybe 2 hours during the
…………………
2. I use a bicycle these days to ……………....................
3. The …………………………… of solar panel system is that it generates elec-
tricity without producing greenhouse gases during operation.
4. …………………………is one of the most serious problems in major cities
due to an increase in the number of cars.
5. Remember to pay attention to the…………………… when crossing the
street.
6. It is a ……………………problem, isn’t it? – Yes, it never seems to go away.

Exercise 2:
1. I don’t care about the scenery. I just want to get/go from A to B.
2. The evening rush traffic/ rush hour lasts 6 hours.
3. My plane is taking off in an hour and I am putting/ cutting it fine, but I
get stuck in the traffic congestion/ progression.
4. He crashed into incoming/ oncoming traffic.
5. A poor railway network is a perennial/ practical problem of the coun-
try.
Exercise 3:
Answer the following questions using the phrases above.
1. What is the easiest way to get around your town/city?
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2. Do you use public transportation or private transportation?
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79
Exercise 4:
Describe an interesting journey you have been on.
You should say:
• where you went
• how you traveled there
• who you went with
• what was so memorable about the journey.
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6.2. Traffic problems
Traffic jams in our city are a common problem that city dwellers have
to face. Due to an increased number of vehicles in recent years, traffic
flow is severely disrupted. The rush hours are even more devastating as
vehicles keep building up and tailing back for miles. As everyone drives
at a snail’s pace, impatient drivers sometimes try to cut in to get out of
the dense traffic, which worsens the situation. The city authorities have
addressed the problem for many years, and yet there’s no proper step to
tackle it.

81
Glossary
1. disrupt /dɪsˈrʌpt/
to prevent something from continuing
2. build up /bɪld ʌp/
to gradually increase in number
3. tail back /teɪl bæk/
to form a long line
4. at a snail’s pace /æt ə sneɪlz peɪs/
very slowly
5. cut in (on sb/sth) /kʌt ɪn /
(of vehicle or driver) to move suddenly in
front of another vehicle
6. be dense /bi dɛns/
very close together
7. address sth /ˈæˌdrɛs/
to think about a difficult situation and decide
how to deal with it
8. tackle sth /ˈtækəl/
to make a big effort to deal with a problem

Prac�i��
Exercise 1:
Fill in each gap with the suitable phrases from the list.
tail back at a snail’s pace
cut in (on sb/sth) be dense address something
1. The person in front of me is driving ………………………… and I am in a hur-
ry for an important appointment.
2. The police let me off with a warning after I ……………… on a driver in
front of me.
3. Traffic is expected to ……………………as more and more vehicles are com-
ing toward the city after a week-long holiday.
4. Are they ……………………… the problem? Yes, I think they are making real
effort.
5. Yesterday traffic ……………………..along the motorway for ten miles.
Exercise 2:
1. After the car crash, traffic held back/ tailed back for five miles.

83
2. When the truck broke down, traffic was severely disrupted/ disturbed
for several hours.
3. The traffic starts building up/ rising up around 5pm.
4. The roads were crowded and we were travelling at a turtle’s pace/ at a
snail’s pace for two hours
5. I prefer using public transport in urban area with tight/ dense traffic
Exercise 3:
Answer the following questions using the phrases above.
1. How much time do you spend on travelling on a normal day?
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2. What traffic problems are there in your area?
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3. How does that traffic problem affect you?
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Exercise 4:
Describe a time when you had to wait in a traffic jam.
You should say:
• when and where it happened
• how long you were in the traffic jam
• what you did while waiting
• how you felt when you were in that traffic jam.
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85
Across:
2. You’re not late, dear. You cut it _________!
3. Traffic __________ causes a nuisance for people travelling on the road.
6. This word is pronounced /dɪsˈrʌpt/.
7. synyonym of ‘deal with’
Down:
1. This word is pronounced /pəˈreniəl/
4. Influxes of cars flocking into cities in __________ hours.
5. Changes happen at a ______’s pace.
CONSOLIDATION
1
2
3
4
5 6
7

POWER_VOCAB_IELTS.pdf

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