2. Supervisor:
Habib Muhammad Nazir Ahmad
Faculty of engineering(EEE)
Name ID
Nayan,Md.Habibur Rahman 11-19288-2
Group # :06
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3. Outline
Project Goal
Invention History
Advantages and Disadvantages of piezoelectric material
Block Diagram
Components/parts of the circuit
How Piezoelectric sensor Work
Working principle
Full-wave bridge rectifier
Controlling circuit & battery
Hardware Implementation
Simulation Results and Calculation
Accomplishment Through Project/Future work
References
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4. Project Goals
The main goal of the project is produce renewable
energy to overcome the crisis of electricity in
Bangladesh.
To produce electricity from footstep using
piezoelectric disk.
To produce energy by a source that has no negative
effect on environment.
Figure: Footstep energy Harvesting.
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5. Invention History:
Piezoelectricity was discovered in 1880 by Pierre and Paul-Jacques Curie,
who found that when they compressed certain types of crystals
including quartz, tourmaline, and Rochelle salt, along certain axes, a
voltage was produced on the surface of the crystal. This effect is known
as piezoelectric effect.
Figure: Piezoelectric crystal (buzzer)
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6. Advantages and Disadvantages of
piezoelectric material:
Advantages:
1. Very high frequency response.
2. Self-generating, so no need of external source.
3. Simple to use as they have small dimensions and large
measuring range.
4. Barium titanate and quartz can be made in any desired
shape and form. It also has a large dielectric constant. The
crystal axis is selectable by orienting the direction of
orientation.
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7. Disadvantages:
1. It is not suitable for measurement in static condition.
2. Since the device operates with the small electric charge,
they need high impedance cable for electrical interface.
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9. Components/parts of the circuit:
Piezoelectric sensor
Full-wave bridge rectifier
Lead Acid Battery
Inverter load
Load
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10. How Piezoelectric sensor Work:
A device which measures the
force, pressure, strain and
vibration and converts it into
electrical signals is known as
piezo electric sensor. These
materials exhibit a property
known as piezo electric
effect in which force or
vibration is produced an
electric field is created which
causes a potential difference
across these materials and
hence current start flowing
through it. 1012/6/2014 American International University- Bangladesh
11. Working principle :
1) Normally the charges in a piezoelectric crystal are exactly
balances, even if they’re not symmetrically arranged.
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12. 2) The effects of the charges exactly cancel out, leaving no net charge on
the crystal faces.(More specifically, the electric dipole moments vector
lines separating opposite charges-exactly cancel one another out).
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13. 3) If we squeeze the crystal we force the charges out of balance.
4) Now the effect of the charges no longer cancel one another out
and net positive and negative charges appear on opposite crystal
faces. By squeezing the crystal we have produced a voltage across
its opposite faces- and that’s piezoelectricity
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14. Full-wave bridge rectifier:
Full-bridge rectifiers are commonly used as rectifier circuits to convert
the AC output of a piezoelectric into a DC voltage. The rectifying
circuits consist of 4 diodes. The voltage needs to rectify due to the
need for constant supply of voltage light up the series of LED placed in
parallel.
Figure: AC to Dc graph after rectification.
Figure: Full wave bridge
rectifier. 1412/6/2014 American International University- Bangladesh
15. Battery and Load:
Load:
3 volt Led light
Different rating mobile
batteries
5w AC bulb.
Battery:
We are using Lead Acid
battery of 12 V and current of
1.2 Amp. We want to store
charges so that we can use
the power generated by foot
step not only in busy hour
but also in other part of the
day.
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16. Inverter: DC to AC
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18. The main separate three parts:
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19. In 1 square ft. we are just use 12 piezo sensor in parallel mode.
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20. This is External part of the device.Where we can stand up or give
the preasure so that we can get our output voltage.
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21. Loads Part: Connected a High frequency DC
LED(4V ) through the battery
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22. Connected three Mobile Phone at a time through
USB charger(DC-DC) for charging .
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25. Simulation Results and Calculation:
In 1 square ft. we used 12 piezo sensor.
As piezo sensors power generating varies with different steps, we get
Minimum voltage = 1V per step
Maximum voltage = 10.5V per step
We used a load of 120 ohm. Across the output to measure the current,
Current varies from 40mA to 90mA
We took an average of 70Kg weight pressure from single person.
Considering the steps of a 70Kg weighted single person, the average calculation are:
It takes 800 steps to increase 1V charge in battery.
So, to increase 12V in battery total steps needed = (12*800)
= 9600 steps
As we will implement our project in a populated area where foot step as source will available, we took
an average of 2 steps in 1 second.
For 9600 steps time needed = 9600/ (60*2)
= 80 minutes. (Approximately)
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26. Our battery has a rating of,
Voltage = 12V
Current = 1.3 Amp hour
So, Total power = (12*1.3)
= 15.6W
It takes (80min=1.2 hour) to produce 15.6W
So, Power will produce = 15.6 / 1.2 W
= 13W
In one day it will produce = (13*24) W
= 312 or 0.312kW
In one week we can produce = (0.312*7) kW
= 3.184 kW
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27. Here , when we connected a 4V LED DC light then it
running 12 hours.
Then if we connected 5W AC bulb then it running about
4 hours.
And lastly we connected a USB port where, it’s
discharging time about 6 hours.
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28. Future work with this project
Charge controlling
circuit:
We will have arrangement of
piezo sensors so that we
want to control charging and
discharging of the battery. In
other words we want to
protect the battery from over
charging effects which could
damage the battery.
Amplifying input and
output:
In input, we want to amplify
the current to charge the
battery fast.
we could design a circuit
which will combination of
such components, that will
amplify our inverting output
to run necessary 220v ac
loads.
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29. Future Application And Recent Research
Energy Harvesting from Raindrop:
It is possible to convert the kinetic energy of rain drops into electric
power by using piezoelectric materials which converts the stress into
electrical energy. Basically it is vibration energy. Because of rain drop
impact is being converted to electrical energy the amount of rain and the
size of the rain drop is very important. Harnessing rain drop energy is a
very recent research.
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30. Energy harvesting from Piezoelectric Insole:
This piezoelectric insole is based on technology that generates electricity from
mechanical energy. Basically, it works by subjecting special crystals stored in a
capsule to a cycle of mechanical stresses. The pressure exerted on
them electrically polarizes their mass, generating a difference in potential that
results in the appearance of electrical charges on their surface.
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31. Harvest Energy from Railway Passing Trains:
A prototype of the energy-generating system was installed last year by the
Technion University and Israel Railways in order to show the benefits of the
technology. The project discovered that a railway track with trafficked by 10
to 20 ten-car trains could produce as much as 120 kWh, which could be used
to power infrastructural systems such as signs and lights. Any surplus energy
would then be uploaded to the country’s power grid.
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32. Dance floor generates electricity at London's first
eco-disco:
The Club climate project is London’s first taste of eco-friendly
clubbing, making clubbers happy in the knowledge that their
organic beverage-induced booty shaking can generate 60% of
the energy needed to run the club.
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33. Piezoelectric Car:
This car is made up of piezoelectric tires. These tires are equipped with
piezoelectric cables, these cables consists of piezoelectric generator. So
when the tires will rotate on the road, pressure on the tires continuously.
Then they generate electricity.
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34. References:
[1] K A Cook-Chennault, N Thambi and A M Sastry, Powering MEMS portable devices—A
review of non-regenerative and regenerative power supply systems with special emphasis on
piezoelectric energy harvesting systems, Smart Mater. Struct. 1.7 (2008). 1-33
[2] S. P. Beeby, M. J. Tudor and N. M. White, Energy harvesting vibration sources for
microsystems applications, Meas. Sci. Technol. 17 (2006) R175–R195
[3] J. Kymissis, C. Kendall, J. J.Paradiso, and N. Gershenfeld, “Parasitic power harvesting in
shoes,”in Proc. 2nd IEEE Int. Conf.Wearable Computing, Los Alamitos, CA, Aug. 1998, pp.
132–139.
[4] P. Glynne-Jones, S. P. Beeby, and N. M. White, “Towards a piezoelectric vibration-powered
micro generator,” IEE Proc. Sci. Meas. Technol., vol.148, no. 2, pp. 68–72, 2001.
[5] How piezoelectricity works. [Online]
Available: http://cdn4.explainthatstuff.com/how-piezoelectricity-works.gif[accessed
19/11/2014]
[6] Piezo material classification. [Online]
Available: http://www.elpapiezo.ru/eng/piezoceramic_e.shtml[accessed on 19/11/2014]
[7] (2011) Piezoelectric Transducer. [Online]
Available: http://www.instrumentationtoday.com/wp-
content/uploads/2011/07/Piezoelectric-Transducer.jpg [accessed on 21/11/2014].
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