Antibiotics (Penicillin)

1. -: PRESENTED BY :-
NATHANI ZEESHAN MUNAF
(M.Pharm)
DEPT. OF PHARMACOLOGY
PROF. RAVINDRA NIKAM COLLEGE OF
PHARMACY Morane – Gondur By-Pass Road, Near
Punam Petrol Pump, Gondur, Tal. dist. Dhule- 424001
PENICILLIN
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2. INDEX
Antibiotics
Penicillin
Classification
Therapeutic action
Indications
Pharmacokinetics
Contraindications and cautions
Adverse effect
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3. Are agents made from living microorganisms,
synthetic manufacturing, and genetic
engineering that are used to inhibit specific
bacteria.
They can be bacteriostatic, bactericidal, or both.
ANTIBIOTICS
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4. 1. Aminoglycosides
2. Penicillins
3. Penicillinase-resistant drugs
4. Sulfonamides
5. Tetracyclines, and antimycobacterials
(e.g. antitubercular and leprostatic)
6. Others include
 Ketolides
 Lincosamides
 Lipoglycopeptides
 Macrolides, and monobactams.
MAJOR CLASSES OF ANTIBIOTICS
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5.  Penicillin was the first antibiotic introduced for
clinical use.
 Various modifications were subsequently made
to address resistant strains and to decrease drug
adverse effects.
PENICILLIN
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6. PENICILLINASE-RESISTANT ANTIBIOTICS
Penicillinase-resistant antibiotics were developed
to address penicillin-resistant bacteria.
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7. CLASSIFICATION OF
PENICILLIN
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8. 1.Natural Penicillins
Aqueous penicillin G
Penicillin G
Pencillin VK
2.Beta lacatamse Resistant Penicillins
Methicillin
Nafcillin
Oxacillin
Cloxacillin
Dicloxacillin
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3. Aminopenicillins
These are extended spectrum antibiotics.
Ampicillin
Amoxicillin
4.Carboxypenicillins
These are also extended spectrum antibiotics.
Carcenicillin
Ticarcillin
6.Ureidopenicillins
These are extended spectrum antibiotics.
Mezlocillin
Piperacillin

10. 1) Ampicillin/sulbactam
2) Ticarcillin/clavulanate
3) Piperacillin/tazobactam
4) Amoxicillin/clavulanate
Penicillins/Inhibitor Combination
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11. Carboxypenicillins and Ureidopenicillins
are also called as antipseudomonal
penicillins due to their activity against
pseudomonas eruginosa.
NOTE
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12. 1. The desired and beneficial action of penicillins
and Penicillinase-resistant antibiotics.
2. Exert bactericidal effect by interfering with the
ability of susceptible bacteria to build their cell
walls when they are dividing.
3. These drugs prevent the bacteria from bio
synthesizing the framework of the cell wall, and
the bacteria with weakened cell walls swell and
then burst from osmotic pressure within the cell.
Therapeutic Action
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13. Penicillins and Penicillinase-resistant antibiotics are
indicated for the following medical conditions.
Treatment of streptococcal infections
(e.g. pharyngitis, tonsillitis, scarlet fever,
endocarditis).
Treatment of meningococcal meningitis if given at
high doses.
INDICATIONS
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14. Route Onset Peak Duration
Oral Varies 1 h 6-8 h
T1/2: 1-1.4 h
Metabolism: N/A
Excretion: kidney (urine)
Here are the characteristic interactions of penicillins and
Penicillinase-resistant antibiotics and the body in terms of
absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
PHARMACOKINETICS
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15.  The following are contraindications and cautions
for the use of penicillin and Penicillinase-
resistant antibiotics.
 Known allergy to penicillins and
cephalosporin's.
CONTRAINDICATIONS AND
CAUTIONS
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16.  Renal disease
Drug excretion is reduced.
 Pregnancy and lactation
1. No adequate studies on the effect on
fetus.
2. These drugs can cause diarrhea and
superinfectons may occur in the
infant.
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17.  Gastro Intestinal Tract
1. Nausea.
2. Vomiting.
3. Diarrhea.
4. Abdominal pain.
5. Glossitis.
6. Stomatitis.
7. Gastritis, sore mouth, furry tongue pain and
inflammation at the injection site can occur
with injectable forms of the drugs.
ADVERSE EFFECTS
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18. Hypersensitivity reactions
1. Rash.
2. Fever.
3. Wheezing.
4. Anaphylaxis with repeated exposures.
5. Superinfectons.
e.g. yeast infections.
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