Biopesticide (2).pptx .This slides helps to know the different types of biop...
17 June 20. Empirical test of IIT @ Dresden
1. 17 June 20 @
Brain Dynamics on Multiple Scales - Paradigms, their Relations, and Integrated Approaches
Nao Tsuchiya 土谷 尚嗣
School of Psychological Sciences &
Monash Institute of Cognitive & Clinical Neuroscience (MICCN)
Monash University, Australia
"What is it like to be a bat?"
- a pathway to the answer
from integrated information theory of consciousness
2. My lab’s goal: to reveal the physical basis
of consciousness
4 empirical approaches:
1. Boundary of consciousness
- vs non-conscious processing
- vs unconscious states
2. Relationship between consciousness and associated processes
- attention, working memory, metacognition, expectation, report
3.Analysis of multi-electrode neural recordings
- fly LFP to human ECoG
4. Empirical testing of the theory of consciousness
- integrated information theory of consciousness
- predictive coding / free energy
3. Talk overview
• “What it is like to be a bat?”
• definitions, motivations
• Overview of IIT
• Empirical testing of IIT
• How to approach the bat problem?
4. What it is like to be a bat?
• Thomas Nagel 1974
• Clarify the difficulty of mind-body problem
• Bat - echolocation system
5. • Why does vision feels like vision?
• Why any visual experience is more
similar to other visual experience than
auditory experience?
• Is bat’s echolocation similar to vision,
audition, non-conscious or anything else?
6. bat’s experience
• Impossible stupid question?
• No, it can drive science of consciousness
• What’s the relevance to society?
• Any studeis of mental disease in model
animals: depression in mice (?)
• Theories that explain all available evidence
and make correct predictions can be
trusted when making extraordinary
predictions
7. A new framework for studying the relationship?
Relationship between qualia and mathematical structures
Tsuchiya, Taguchi, Saigo 2016 Neuroscience Research
mathematical
structures
8. Integrated information theory
of consciousness
• Starts from phenomenology, identifies five
axioms (1. existence, 2. composition, 3.
information, 4. integration, 5. exclusion)
• Tries to seek for potential physical
mechanisms that can support the axioms
Tononi 2004, 2008, Oizumi et al 2014 PLoS Comp Bio
9. Consciousness is highly informative
• Each experience is highly unique and excludes all other possible
experiences
10. Consciousness is composed of various aspects
Consciousness is integrated
Consciousness is excluded outside of the certain boundary
11. • Based on the 5 phenomenological axioms,
IIT derives 5 mathematical postulates.
• Using the postulates, IIT predicts a
particular level and contents of
consciousness of a system, based on how
the network is connected and which
state the system is in.
14. Entropy H of X (assuming Gaussian
distribution of X):
−500 0 500 1000
100
0
100
0
100
0
100
0
-500 0 500 1000
time from stimulus onset (msec)
XD
XC
XB
XA
Oizumi et al 2016 PLoS Comp
Continuous variables with Gaussian assumption
https://figshare.com/articles/phi_toolbox_zip/3203326
Measures variability of responses
15. Entropy H of X (assuming Gaussian
distribution of X):
−500 0 500 1000
100
0
100
0
100
0
100
0
-500 0 500 1000
time from stimulus onset (msec)
XD
XC
XB
XA
Oizumi et al 2016 PLoS Comp
Φ*
= I − I*
Continuous variables with Gaussian assumption
https://figshare.com/articles/phi_toolbox_zip/3203326
16. Integrated information
=
loss of predictability of past states
based on current states,
when system is cut
(Oizumi et al 2016 PLoS Comp)
Intuitive explanation 1
33. 0.1
1
Φ
CFSBM UNM
Faces(CFS,BM,UNM) Masked Faces & Mondrians (CFS,BM,UNM)Houses (UNM) Tools (UNM)
0.1
1
I
0.1
1
H
Haun et al 2016 bioRxiv
Phi, but not I and H, are correlated with contents of consciousness
on a trial-by-trial basis
36. Summary of this talk
• Overview of IIT
• Integrated information as:
• loss of decoding accuracy (Φ*)
• distance between full and disconnected
models (ΦG)
• Empirical testing of IIT
• Phi patterns: hierarchy of causal interactions
better correlates with conscious perception
than entropy or mutual information.
37. A path to bats’ experience…
• Can be compared between sensory
modalities
• Across individuals
• Across species
• Common topological properties of phi*
pattern for vision vs audition?
• What is it like to be a bat?
• Dissolution of the Hard Problem?
38. Acknowledgment
• Thanks for your attention & consciousness!
• Support
• ARC Future Fellowship
• ARC Discovery Project
• JST PRESTO grant