2. INDEX
Students Involved …3
Acknowledgement …4
What is a slum Area ? …5
Introduction …6
Causes that create and …8
expand slums
Impact of slums …12
Conclusions …15
Our experiences …17
Sources …20
4. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The success and final outcome of this project
required a lot of guidance and assistance from
many people and our group is extremely
fortunate to have got this all along the
completion of our project work.
Whatever our group has done is only due to
such guidance and assistance and we would not
forget to thank them.
We respect and thank Mr. Samer Moiz Rizvi
sir for giving us an opportunity to do this
project and providing us support and guidance
which made us complete the project on time.
We would like to thank our friends and family
members who have contributed their
innovative ideas for our project and encourage
all of us a lot.
Last but not the least we would like to thank
those people who had given their precious
time for us and helped us in making our
documentary.
5. WHAT IS A SLUM AREA ?
The National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO),
India, defines a slum as a “Compact settlement
with a collection of poorly built tenements, mostly
of temporary nature, crowded together usually
with inadequate sanitary and drinking water
facilities in unhygienic conditions”.
6. INTRODUCTION
India is one of the fastest developing countries
with many metropolitan cities (e.g. Mumbai,
Pune, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Delhi and Chennai).
During last two decades; migration from villages
and small towns to metropolitan areas has
increased tremendously in India. This leads to
the degradation of urban environmental quality
and sustainable development especially in the
metropolitan cities.
The problems faced by the people living in the
urban areas of India have become major concerns
for the government. Slums are considered to be
the major issue within many urban areas;
particularly problems related to transportation,
population, health and safety.
Considering today’s poor urban environmental
quality in India, the majority of families
affected by urban development projects are
located in slum areas which are under
consideration for resettlement and/or
rehabilitation.
7. CAUSES THAT CREATE
AND EXPAND SLUMS
Due to the dramatic rise of slums after India’s
independence in 1947, its population has tripled.
Most of India’s population is currently living in
slums. Every year, hundreds of thousands of
men, women, and children die around the world
and India alone is responsible for 25% of the
deaths.
According to UN-HABITAT
(https://www.unhabitat.org/)
Report, April 2007, India is a third world
country that suffers from poverty,
malnutrition, diseases, unhealthy conditions, and
more in Indian slums.
Around 33% of the urban population in the
developing world in 2012, or about 863 million
people, lived in slums.
8. Rural-urban migration
Many people migrate from rural to urban areas
in search of basically employment. As
employment is less in rural area as compared to
urban area. Also they want better facilities and
education for their children so that their
children could support them and their families.
Also there are more opportunities in urban areas
as compared to rural areas.
Urbanization
More than 50% of the world’s population live in
urban areas. Some scholars suggest that
urbanization creates slums because local
governments are unable to manage urbanization,
and migrant workers without an affordable place
to live in, dwell in slums. The gap between
people’s low income and the high land price
forces some people to look for and construct
cheap informal settlements, which are known as
slums in urban areas.
CAUSES THAT CREATE
AND EXPAND SLUMS
9. Poor housing planning
Lack of affordable low cost housing and poor
planning encourages the supply side of slums.
Whenever there is a gap in between the demand
of houses and the availability of houses there is
a step toward the formation of slum.
Poor infrastructure, social exclusion and
economic stagnation
social exclusion and poor infrastructure force
these migrated people to take shelter in slums.
Urban poor cannot afford the demands of the
city like house rent, transportation, school fees,
monthly electricity and water bills etc…
These demands which a person has to fulfill for
living in city is real tough for those who has
migrated from other places and are new in the
urban area.
These conditions took a step towards formation
of slum area.
10. Informal economy
Informal economy is that part of an economy
that is neither registered as a business nor
licensed, one that does not pay taxes and is not
monitored by local or state or federal
government .
Slums grow because of growing informal economy
which creates demand for workers, and as
demand increases more people migrate from
rural area and settle down in slums as the only
left option.
Poverty
As because there is more employment in urban
sector, people migrate from rural area and
settle down in slums which increases the
poverty in urban areas.
The urban poor arrives with hope in city for
employment and better facilities but, He or she
typically has no access to shelter, basic urban
services and social amenities.
Slums are often the only option for the urban
poor which increases poverty in urban area.
11. Politics
Politics plays a major character in formation of
slum areas. For instance in our documentary we
got to know that during commonwealth games
the people where migrated from a well settled
area to a slum area, promising that they would
be given permanent houses and jobs.
But their promises were fake and the whole
colony is now living in a pathetic condition. Even
after their complains no action took place.
In this case politics created and expand the
slum.
Natural disasters
Major natural disasters in poor nations often
lead to migration of disaster-affected families
from areas crippled by the disaster to
unaffected areas, the creation of temporary
tent city and slums, or expansion of existing
slums. These slums tend to become permanent
because the residents do not want to leave
from there.
12. IMPACT OF SLUMS
Shortage of space
About 77.6% of the urban dwellers in Mumbai
reside in one room and lakh of them sleeps on
the footpath. About 62% of the households of
the metropolis reside in these slums. This give
rise to the problem of shortage of space.
Prone to natural and man-made hazards
As in slums, houses are crammed in a little
space, they are often prone to dangerous hazards
like floods, water logging, fire etc. Extent of
hazard is increased because of high population
density. The slum areas of Delhi specially
Yamuna-Pushta are affected by flood-water of
Yamuna every year. The Kutcha houses of slums
frequently catches fire in summer.
13. Poor living conditions
Slums are not planned hence they lack basic
amenities. Slums have invariably extreme
unhygienic conditions. There are no toilets and
people defecate in open.
Slums have practically no drainage. Most of the
slums are located near drains which contain
filthy stagnant water.
Health hazards
The poor living condition in slums affects the
health of people mentally and physically. Water
contamination cause disease like blood
dysentery, diarrhea, malaria, typhoid, jaundice
etc.
Children with bloated bellies or famished
skeletons, many suffering from polio, are
common sight. People are not aware of health
problems.
14. Social problems
Socially, slums remain isolated from rest of the
urban society and exhibit pathological social
symptoms like drug abuse, alcoholism, crime,
vandalism and other deviant behavior.
The lack of integration of slum inhabitants into
urban life reflects both, the lack ability and
culture barriers.
15. CONCLUSIONS
Government need to understand that urban
poor people are not just to take votes at the
time of elections, they are having a great hand
in the country’s economy and our country will
only progress when these people are being
treated as the part of society and are given
respect and support via different government
policies and plans.
Local governments should develop strategies to
prevent the formation of new slums.
These should include access to affordable land,
reasonably priced materials, employment
opportunities, and basic infrastructure and
social services.
Public investments must focus on providing
access to basic services and infrastructure.
Working with the urban poor, cities need to
invest in housing, water, sanitation, energy,
and urban services, such as garbage disposal.
16. These services and infrastructure must reach
the poor living in informal settlements.
Its not just that the policies and plans release
day by day and neither of them are being
implemented.
In this case the plans do release but urban poor
are not benefited from them at all.
The transportation needs and safety concerns
of a city’s poorest residents should be a high
priority in planning urban transportation
systems, which can expand the choices people
have regarding where to live and work.
Developing cities requires local solutions. Local
authorities need to be empowered with financial
and human resources to deliver services and
infrastructure to the urban poor. Cities should
draw up local long-term strategies for
improving the lives of slum dwellers.
17. OUR EXPERIENCES
Some of the unseen picture of the society was
in front of us. We were feeling very lucky at
that time of having the facilities and luxuries
which are provided by our parents to us.
That area which was in front of us was looking
terrible. No permanent houses to live in. All
over there was just shattered houses, which was
in a condition that if a storm comes it would
destroy them out.
Those people are so much helpless that they
could not even support a two time meal. Their
job was to play drums and other musical
instruments in someone’s marriage or other
functions.
And by doing this job they got a salary of Rs
500 per month in which they at least survive.
The most pathetic condition was of the
women's living there . No security, No freedom,
Nothing.
Even they were not having a private place to
change their clothes or bath.
18.
19. We got to meet a family in which there was a
girl of 1 ½ year old and which was paralyzed
below the neck.
And the government hospital doctors demand Rs
2000 for just checking her.
Those who cannot even have a two time meal
how would they pay the doctor’s fees.
Still in that area where the living was real
tough some of the parents and children were
aware about their life and future. The real
credit goes to parents who send their kids to
school to fulfill their dreams. But there also the
we got to know the real face of government
schools and about their facilities given to kids.
No class, no attendance, no physical activities,
no proper meal, Nothing. If the place where our
future generation is rising up is not providing
the facilities that a child require to build his or
her future, how would we expect that our
country is going to develop.
Although these people are financially weak but
they are Happy as they do not require any huge
reason to be happy, they just find happiness in
small things that the life give them.
20. SOURCES
(SOURCE: CENSUS OF INDIA 2011 -
CIRCULAR No. 8)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slum
http://www.irjes.com/Papers/vol2-
issue4/Version%20%201/I245559.pdf
http://inindiaaa.blogspot.in/2013/08/harmf
ul-impacts-of-slums-on-society-and.html
