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VVEEDDIICC 
MMAATTHHEEMMAATTIICCSS
What is Vedic Mathematics ? 
Vedic mathematics is the name 
given to the ancient system of 
mathematics which was 
rediscovered from the Vedas. 
It’s a unique technique of 
calculations based on simple 
principles and rules , with which 
any mathematical problem - be it 
arithmetic, algebra, geometry or 
trigonometry can be solved 
mentally.
WWhhyy VVeeddiicc MMaatthheemmaattiiccss?? 
It helps a person to solve problems 10-15 times faster. 
It reduces burden (Need to learn tables up to nine only) 
It provides one line answer. 
It is a magical tool to reduce scratch work and finger 
counting. 
It increases concentration. 
 Time saved can be used to answer more questions. 
Improves concentration. 
Logical thinking process gets enhanced.
BBaassee ooff VVeeddiicc MMaatthheemmaattiiccss 
 Vedic 
Mathematics now 
refers to a set of 
sixteen 
mathematical 
formulae or sutras 
and their 
corollaries derived 
from the Vedas.
BBaassee ooff VVeeddiicc MMaatthheemmaattiiccss 
Vedic Mathematics 
now refers to a 
set of sixteen 
mathematical 
formulae or sutras 
and their 
corollaries derived 
from the Vedas.
EEKKĀĀDDHHIIKKEENNAA PPŪŪRRVVEEŅŅAA 
The Sutra 
(formula) 
Ekādhikena 
Pūrvena means: 
“By one more than 
the previous one”. 
 This Sutra is 
used to the 
‘Squaring of 
numbers ending 
in 5’.
‘Squaring of numbers ending 
in 5’. 
Conventional Method 
65 X 65 
6 5 
X 6 5 
3 2 5 
3 9 0 X 
4 2 2 5 
Vedic Method 
65 X 65 = 4225 
( 'multiply the 
previous digit 6 by 
one more than 
itself 7. Than write 
25 )
NIKHILAM 
NAVATAS’CHARAMAM 
DASATAH 
The Sutra (formula) 
NIKHILAM 
NAVATAS’CHARA 
MAM DASATAH 
means : 
“all from 9 and the 
last from 10” 
This formula can 
be very effectively 
applied in 
multiplication of 
numbers, which are 
nearer to bases like 
10, 100, 1000 i.e., to 
the powers of 10 
(eg: 96 x 98 or 102 
x 104).
Case I : 
When both the numbers are 
lower than the base. 
 Conventional Method 
97 X 94 
9 7 
X 9 4 
3 8 8 
8 7 3 X 
9 1 1 8 
 Vedic Method 
9977 33 
XX 9944 66 
99 11 11 88
CCaassee (( iiii)) :: WWhheenn bbootthh tthhee 
nnuummbbeerrss aarree hhiigghheerr tthhaann tthhee 
bbaassee 
 Conventional 
Method 
103 X 105 
103 
X 105 
5 1 5 
0 0 0 X 
1 0 3 X X 
1 0, 8 1 5 
 Vedic Method 
FFoorr EExxaammppllee110033 XX 110055 
110033 33 
XX 105 55 
1 0, 8 1 5
Case III: WWhheenn oonnee nnuummbbeerr iiss 
mmoorree aanndd tthhee ootthheerr iiss lleessss 
tthhaann tthhee bbaassee.. 
 Conventional Method 
103 X 98 
103 
X 98 
8 2 4 
9 2 7 X 
1 0, 0 9 4 
 Vedic Method 
110033 33 
XX 98 -2 
1 0, 0 9 4
ĀNURŨPYENA 
The Sutra (formula) 
ĀNURŨPYENA 
means : 
'proportionality ' 
or 
'similarly ' 
TThhiiss SSuuttrraa iiss hhiigghhllyy 
uusseeffuull ttoo ffiinndd 
pprroodduuccttss ooff ttwwoo 
nnuummbbeerrss wwhheenn 
bbootthh ooff tthheemm aarree 
nneeaarr tthhee CCoommmmoonn 
bbaasseess lliikkee 5500,, 6600,, 
220000 eettcc ((mmuullttiipplleess 
ooff ppoowweerrss ooff 1100))..
ĀNURŨPYENA 
Conventional Method 
46 X 43 
4 6 
X 4 3 
1 3 8 
1 8 4 X 
1 9 7 8 
Vedic Method 
4466 --44 
XX 43 --77 
1 9 7 8
ĀNURŨPYENA 
Conventional Method 
58 X 48 
5 8 
X 4 8 
4 6 4 
2 4 2 X 
2 8 8 4 
Vedic Method 
5588 88 
XX 4488 --22 
22 88 8 4
URDHVA TIRYAGBHYAM 
The Sutra (formula) 
URDHVA 
TIRYAGBHYAM 
means : 
““VVeerrttiiccaallllyy aanndd ccrroossss 
wwiissee”” 
TThhiiss tthhee ggeenneerraall 
ffoorrmmuullaa aapppplliiccaabbllee 
ttoo aallll ccaasseess ooff 
mmuullttiipplliiccaattiioonn aanndd 
aallssoo iinn tthhee ddiivviissiioonn 
ooff aa llaarrggee nnuummbbeerr 
bbyy aannootthheerr llaarrggee 
nnuummbbeerr..
Two digit multiplication bbyy 
URDHVA TIRYAGBHYAM 
The Sutra (formula) 
URDHVA 
TIRYAGBHYAM 
means : 
““VVeerrttiiccaallllyy aanndd ccrroossss 
wwiissee”” 
 SStteepp 11:: 55××22==1100,, wwrriittee 
ddoowwnn 00 aanndd ccaarrrryy 11 
 SStteepp 22:: 77××22 ++ 55××33 == 
1144++1155==2299,, aadddd ttoo iitt 
pprreevviioouuss ccaarrrryy oovveerr 
vvaalluuee 11,, ssoo wwee hhaavvee 3300,, 
nnooww wwrriittee ddoowwnn 00 aanndd 
ccaarrrryy 33 
 SStteepp 33:: 77××33==2211,, aadddd 
pprreevviioouuss ccaarrrryy oovveerr 
vvaalluuee ooff 33 ttoo ggeett 2244,, 
wwrriittee iitt ddoowwnn.. 
 SSoo wwee hhaavvee 22440000 aass tthhee 
aannsswweerr..
Two digit multiplication bbyy 
URDHVA TIRYAGBHYAM 
Vedic Method 
4 6 
X 4 3 
1 9 7 8
Three digit multiplication by 
URDHVA TIRYAGBHYAM 
Vedic Method 
103 
X 105 
1 0, 8 1 5
YAVDUNAM 
TAAVDUNIKRITYA 
VARGANCHA YOJAYET 
This sutra means 
whatever the extent 
of its deficiency, 
lessen it still 
further to that very 
extent; and also set 
up the square of 
that deficiency. 
This sutra is very 
handy in 
calculating squares 
of numbers 
near(lesser) to 
powers of 10
YAVDUNAM 
TAAVDUNIKRITYA 
VARGANCHA YOJAYET 
98 2 = 9604 
 The nearest power of 1100 ttoo 9988 iiss 110000.. 
TThheerreeffoorree,, lleett uuss ttaakkee 110000 aass oouurr bbaassee.. 
 SSiinnccee 9988 iiss 22 lleessss tthhaann 110000,, wwee ccaallll 22 aass 
tthhee ddeeffiicciieennccyy.. 
 DDeeccrreeaassee tthhee ggiivveenn nnuummbbeerr ffuurrtthheerr bbyy aann 
aammoouunntt eeqquuaall ttoo tthhee ddeeffiicciieennccyy.. ii..ee..,, 
ppeerrffoorrmm (( 9988 --22 )) == 996.. TThhiiss iiss tthhee lleefftt ssiiddee 
ooff oouurr aannsswweerr!!!!.. 
 OOnn tthhee rriigghhtt hhaanndd ssiiddee ppuutt tthhee ssqquuaarree ooff 
tthhee ddeeffiicciieennccyy,, tthhaatt iiss ssqquuaarree ooff 22 == 0044.. 
 AAppppeenndd tthhee rreessuullttss ffrroomm sstteepp 44 aanndd 55 ttoo 
ggeett tthhee rreessuulltt.. HHeennccee tthhee aannsswweerr iiss 9960044.. 
NNoottee :: WWhhiillee ccaallccuullaattiinngg sstteepp 55,, tthhee nnuummbbeerr ooff ddiiggiittss iinn tthhee ssqquuaarreedd nnuummbbeerr ((0044)) 
sshhoouulldd bbee eeqquuaall ttoo nnuummbbeerr ooff zzeerrooeess iinn tthhee bbaassee((110000))..
YAVDUNAM 
TAAVDUNIKRITYA 
VARGANCHA YOJAYET 
103 2 = 10609 
 The nearest power of 1100 ttoo 110033 iiss 110000.. 
TThheerreeffoorree,, lleett uuss ttaakkee 110000 aass oouurr bbaassee.. 
 SSiinnccee 110033 iiss 33 mmoorree tthhaann 110000 ((bbaassee)),, wwee 
ccaallll 33 aass tthhee ssuurrpplluuss.. 
 IInnccrreeaassee tthhee ggiivveenn nnuummbbeerr ffuurrtthheerr bbyy aann 
aammoouunntt eeqquuaall ttoo tthhee ssuurrpplluuss.. ii..ee..,, ppeerrffoorrmm 
(( 110033 ++ 33 )) == 11006.. TThhiiss iiss tthhee lleefftt ssiiddee ooff 
oouurr aannsswweerr!!!!.. 
 OOnn tthhee rriigghhtt hhaanndd ssiiddee ppuutt tthhee ssqquuaarree ooff 
tthhee ssuurrpplluuss,, tthhaatt iiss ssqquuaarree ooff 33 == 0099.. 
 AAppppeenndd tthhee rreessuullttss ffrroomm sstteepp 44 aanndd 55 ttoo 
ggeett tthhee rreessuulltt..HHeennccee tthhee aannsswweerr iiss 110060099.. 
NNoottee :: wwhhiillee ccaallccuullaattiinngg sstteepp 55,, tthhee nnuummbbeerr ooff ddiiggiittss iinn tthhee ssqquuaarreedd nnuummbbeerr ((0099)) 
sshhoouulldd bbee eeqquuaall ttoo nnuummbbeerr ooff zzeerrooeess iinn tthhee bbaassee((110000))..
YAVDUNAM 
TAAVDUNIKRITYA 
VARGANCHA YOJAYET 
1009 2 = 1018081
SAŃKALANA – 
VYAVAKALANĀBHYAM 
The Sutra (formula) 
SAŃKALANA – 
VYAVAKALANĀ 
BHYAM 
means : 
'bbyy aaddddiittiioonn aanndd bbyy 
ssuubbttrraaccttiioonn'' 
IItt ccaann bbee aapppplliieedd iinn 
ssoollvviinngg aa ssppeecciiaall 
ttyyppee ooff ssiimmuullttaanneeoouuss 
eeqquuaattiioonnss wwhheerree tthhee 
xx -- ccooeeffffiicciieennttss aanndd 
tthhee yy -- ccooeeffffiicciieennttss 
aarree ffoouunndd 
iinntteerrcchhaannggeedd..
SAŃKALANA – 
VYAVAKALANĀBHYAM 
Example 1: 
45x – 23y = 113 
23x – 45y = 91 
FFiirrssttllyy aadddd tthheemm,, 
(( 4455xx –– 2233yy )) ++ (( 2233xx –– 4455yy )) == 111133 ++ 9911 
688xx –– 688yy == 220044 
xx –– yy == 33 
SSuubbttrraacctt oonnee ffrroomm ootthheerr,, 
(( 4455xx –– 2233yy )) –– (( 2233xx –– 4455yy )) == 111133 –– 9911 
2222xx ++ 2222yy == 2222 
xx ++ yy == 11 
 RRrreeppeeaatt tthhee ssaammee ssuuttrraa,, 
wwee ggeett xx == 22 aanndd yy == -- 11
SAŃKALANA – 
VYAVAKALANĀBHYAM 
Example 2: 
1955x – 476y = 2482 
476x – 1955y = - 4913 
JJuusstt aadddd,, 
22443311(( xx –– yy )) == -- 22443311 
xx –– yy == --11 
 SSuubbttrraacctt,, 
11447799 (( xx ++ yy )) == 77339955 
xx ++ yy == 55 
OOnnccee aaggaaiinn aadddd,, 
22xx == 44 xx == 22 
ssuubbttrraacctt 
-- 22yy == -- 66 yy == 33
ANTYAYOR DAŚAKE'PI 
The Sutra (formula) 
 TThhiiss ssuuttrraa iiss hheellppffuull iinn 
ANTYAYOR 
DAŚAKE'PI 
means : 
‘‘ NNuummbbeerrss ooff wwhhiicchh 
tthhee llaasstt ddiiggiittss 
aaddddeedd uupp ggiivvee 
1100..’’ 
mmuullttiippllyyiinngg nnuummbbeerrss wwhhoossee 
llaasstt ddiiggiittss aadddd uupp ttoo 1100((oorr 
ppoowweerrss ooff 1100)).. TThhee rreemmaaiinniinngg 
ddiiggiittss ooff tthhee nnuummbbeerrss sshhoouulldd 
bbee iiddeennttiiccaall.. 
FFoorr EExxaammppllee:: IInn mmuullttiipplliiccaattiioonn 
ooff nnuummbbeerrss 
 2255 aanndd 2255,, 
22 iiss ccoommmmoonn aanndd 55 ++ 55 == 1100 
 4477 aanndd 4433,, 
44 iiss ccoommmmoonn aanndd 77 ++ 33 == 1100 
 622 aanndd 688,, 
 11116 aanndd 111144.. 
 442255 aanndd 447755
ANTYAYOR DAŚAKE'PI 
Vedic Method 
6 7 
X 6 3 
4 2 2 1 
 TThhee ssaammee rruullee wwoorrkkss 
wwhheenn tthhee ssuumm ooff tthhee llaasstt 
22,, llaasstt 33,, llaasstt 44 -- -- -- ddiiggiittss 
aaddddeedd rreessppeeccttiivveellyy eeqquuaall 
ttoo 110000,, 11000000,, 1100000000 ---- -- -- .. 
 TThhee ssiimmppllee ppooiinntt ttoo 
rreemmeemmbbeerr iiss ttoo mmuullttiippllyy 
eeaacchh pprroodduucctt bbyy 1100,, 110000,, 
11000000,, -- -- aass tthhee ccaassee mmaayy 
bbee .. 
 YYoouu ccaann oobbsseerrvvee tthhaatt tthhiiss 
iiss mmoorree ccoonnvveenniieenntt wwhhiillee 
wwoorrkkiinngg wwiitthh tthhee pprroodduucctt 
ooff 33 ddiiggiitt nnuummbbeerrss
ANTYAYOR DAŚAKE'PI 
892 X 808 
= 720736 
TTrryy YYoouurrsseellff :: 
AA)) 339988 XX 330022 
== 112200119966 
BB)) 779955 XX 770055 
== 556600447755
LOPANA 
STHÂPANÂBHYÂM 
The Sutra (formula) 
LOPANA 
STHÂPANÂBHYÂ 
M 
means : 
''bbyy aalltteerrnnaattee 
eelliimmiinnaattiioonn aanndd 
rreetteennttiioonn'' 
 CCoonnssiiddeerr tthhee ccaassee ooff 
ffaaccttoorriizzaattiioonn ooff qquuaaddrraattiicc 
eeqquuaattiioonn ooff ttyyppee 
aaxx22 ++ bbyy22 ++ cczz22 ++ ddxxyy ++ eeyyzz ++ ffzzxx 
 TThhiiss iiss aa hhoommooggeenneeoouuss 
eeqquuaattiioonn ooff sseeccoonndd ddeeggrreeee 
iinn tthhrreeee vvaarriiaabblleess xx,, yy,, zz.. 
 TThhee ssuubb--ssuuttrraa rreemmoovveess 
tthhee ddiiffffiiccuullttyy aanndd mmaakkeess 
tthhee ffaaccttoorriizzaattiioonn ssiimmppllee..
LOPANA 
STHÂPANÂBHYÂM 
Example : 
3x 2 + 7xy + 2y 2+ 11xz + 7yz + 6z 2 
 Eliminate z and retain x, y ; 
factorize 
3x 2 + 7xy + 2y 2 = (3x + y) (x + 2y) 
 Eliminate y and retain x, z; 
factorize 
3x 2 + 11xz + 6z 2 = (3x + 2z) (x + 3z) 
 Fill the gaps, the given expression 
(3x + y + 2z) (x + 2y + 3z) 
 Eliminate zz bbyy ppuuttttiinngg zz == 00 
aanndd rreettaaiinn xx aanndd yy aanndd 
ffaaccttoorriizzee tthhuuss oobbttaaiinneedd aa 
qquuaaddrraattiicc iinn xx aanndd yy bbyy 
mmeeaannss ooff AAddyyaammaaddyyeennaa 
ssuuttrraa.. 
 SSiimmiillaarrllyy eelliimmiinnaattee yy aanndd 
rreettaaiinn xx aanndd zz aanndd ffaaccttoorriizzee 
tthhee qquuaaddrraattiicc iinn xx aanndd zz.. 
 WWiitthh tthheessee ttwwoo sseettss ooff 
ffaaccttoorrss,, ffiillll iinn tthhee ggaappss 
ccaauusseedd bbyy tthhee eelliimmiinnaattiioonn 
pprroocceessss ooff zz aanndd yy 
rreessppeeccttiivveellyy.. TThhiiss ggiivveess 
aaccttuuaall ffaaccttoorrss ooff tthhee 
eexxpprreessssiioonn..
GUNÌTA SAMUCCAYAH - 
SAMUCCAYA GUNÌTAH 
Example : 
3x 2 + 7xy + 2y 2+ 11xz + 7yz + 6z 2 
 Eliminate z and retain x, y ; 
factorize 
3x 2 + 7xy + 2y 2 = (3x + y) (x + 2y) 
 Eliminate y and retain x, z; 
factorize 
3x 2 + 11xz + 6z 2 = (3x + 2z) (x + 3z) 
 Fill the gaps, the given expression 
(3x + y + 2z) (x + 2y + 3z) 
 Eliminate zz bbyy ppuuttttiinngg zz == 00 
aanndd rreettaaiinn xx aanndd yy aanndd 
ffaaccttoorriizzee tthhuuss oobbttaaiinneedd aa 
qquuaaddrraattiicc iinn xx aanndd yy bbyy 
mmeeaannss ooff AAddyyaammaaddyyeennaa 
ssuuttrraa.. 
 SSiimmiillaarrllyy eelliimmiinnaattee yy aanndd 
rreettaaiinn xx aanndd zz aanndd ffaaccttoorriizzee 
tthhee qquuaaddrraattiicc iinn xx aanndd zz.. 
 WWiitthh tthheessee ttwwoo sseettss ooff 
ffaaccttoorrss,, ffiillll iinn tthhee ggaappss 
ccaauusseedd bbyy tthhee eelliimmiinnaattiioonn 
pprroocceessss ooff zz aanndd yy 
rreessppeeccttiivveellyy.. TThhiiss ggiivveess 
aaccttuuaall ffaaccttoorrss ooff tthhee 
eexxpprreessssiioonn..
PrePared By: 
NNaannddiinnii..NN..LL 
MMaatthheemmaattiiccss ooppttiioonnaall 
RReegg..nnoo::1133997711001100 
KKUUCCTTEE KKuummaarraappuurraamm 
TThhiirruuvvaannaanntthhaappuurraamm
VEDIC MATHEMATICS

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VEDIC MATHEMATICS

  • 2. What is Vedic Mathematics ? Vedic mathematics is the name given to the ancient system of mathematics which was rediscovered from the Vedas. It’s a unique technique of calculations based on simple principles and rules , with which any mathematical problem - be it arithmetic, algebra, geometry or trigonometry can be solved mentally.
  • 3. WWhhyy VVeeddiicc MMaatthheemmaattiiccss?? It helps a person to solve problems 10-15 times faster. It reduces burden (Need to learn tables up to nine only) It provides one line answer. It is a magical tool to reduce scratch work and finger counting. It increases concentration.  Time saved can be used to answer more questions. Improves concentration. Logical thinking process gets enhanced.
  • 4. BBaassee ooff VVeeddiicc MMaatthheemmaattiiccss  Vedic Mathematics now refers to a set of sixteen mathematical formulae or sutras and their corollaries derived from the Vedas.
  • 5. BBaassee ooff VVeeddiicc MMaatthheemmaattiiccss Vedic Mathematics now refers to a set of sixteen mathematical formulae or sutras and their corollaries derived from the Vedas.
  • 6. EEKKĀĀDDHHIIKKEENNAA PPŪŪRRVVEEŅŅAA The Sutra (formula) Ekādhikena Pūrvena means: “By one more than the previous one”.  This Sutra is used to the ‘Squaring of numbers ending in 5’.
  • 7. ‘Squaring of numbers ending in 5’. Conventional Method 65 X 65 6 5 X 6 5 3 2 5 3 9 0 X 4 2 2 5 Vedic Method 65 X 65 = 4225 ( 'multiply the previous digit 6 by one more than itself 7. Than write 25 )
  • 8. NIKHILAM NAVATAS’CHARAMAM DASATAH The Sutra (formula) NIKHILAM NAVATAS’CHARA MAM DASATAH means : “all from 9 and the last from 10” This formula can be very effectively applied in multiplication of numbers, which are nearer to bases like 10, 100, 1000 i.e., to the powers of 10 (eg: 96 x 98 or 102 x 104).
  • 9. Case I : When both the numbers are lower than the base.  Conventional Method 97 X 94 9 7 X 9 4 3 8 8 8 7 3 X 9 1 1 8  Vedic Method 9977 33 XX 9944 66 99 11 11 88
  • 10. CCaassee (( iiii)) :: WWhheenn bbootthh tthhee nnuummbbeerrss aarree hhiigghheerr tthhaann tthhee bbaassee  Conventional Method 103 X 105 103 X 105 5 1 5 0 0 0 X 1 0 3 X X 1 0, 8 1 5  Vedic Method FFoorr EExxaammppllee110033 XX 110055 110033 33 XX 105 55 1 0, 8 1 5
  • 11. Case III: WWhheenn oonnee nnuummbbeerr iiss mmoorree aanndd tthhee ootthheerr iiss lleessss tthhaann tthhee bbaassee..  Conventional Method 103 X 98 103 X 98 8 2 4 9 2 7 X 1 0, 0 9 4  Vedic Method 110033 33 XX 98 -2 1 0, 0 9 4
  • 12. ĀNURŨPYENA The Sutra (formula) ĀNURŨPYENA means : 'proportionality ' or 'similarly ' TThhiiss SSuuttrraa iiss hhiigghhllyy uusseeffuull ttoo ffiinndd pprroodduuccttss ooff ttwwoo nnuummbbeerrss wwhheenn bbootthh ooff tthheemm aarree nneeaarr tthhee CCoommmmoonn bbaasseess lliikkee 5500,, 6600,, 220000 eettcc ((mmuullttiipplleess ooff ppoowweerrss ooff 1100))..
  • 13. ĀNURŨPYENA Conventional Method 46 X 43 4 6 X 4 3 1 3 8 1 8 4 X 1 9 7 8 Vedic Method 4466 --44 XX 43 --77 1 9 7 8
  • 14. ĀNURŨPYENA Conventional Method 58 X 48 5 8 X 4 8 4 6 4 2 4 2 X 2 8 8 4 Vedic Method 5588 88 XX 4488 --22 22 88 8 4
  • 15. URDHVA TIRYAGBHYAM The Sutra (formula) URDHVA TIRYAGBHYAM means : ““VVeerrttiiccaallllyy aanndd ccrroossss wwiissee”” TThhiiss tthhee ggeenneerraall ffoorrmmuullaa aapppplliiccaabbllee ttoo aallll ccaasseess ooff mmuullttiipplliiccaattiioonn aanndd aallssoo iinn tthhee ddiivviissiioonn ooff aa llaarrggee nnuummbbeerr bbyy aannootthheerr llaarrggee nnuummbbeerr..
  • 16. Two digit multiplication bbyy URDHVA TIRYAGBHYAM The Sutra (formula) URDHVA TIRYAGBHYAM means : ““VVeerrttiiccaallllyy aanndd ccrroossss wwiissee””  SStteepp 11:: 55××22==1100,, wwrriittee ddoowwnn 00 aanndd ccaarrrryy 11  SStteepp 22:: 77××22 ++ 55××33 == 1144++1155==2299,, aadddd ttoo iitt pprreevviioouuss ccaarrrryy oovveerr vvaalluuee 11,, ssoo wwee hhaavvee 3300,, nnooww wwrriittee ddoowwnn 00 aanndd ccaarrrryy 33  SStteepp 33:: 77××33==2211,, aadddd pprreevviioouuss ccaarrrryy oovveerr vvaalluuee ooff 33 ttoo ggeett 2244,, wwrriittee iitt ddoowwnn..  SSoo wwee hhaavvee 22440000 aass tthhee aannsswweerr..
  • 17. Two digit multiplication bbyy URDHVA TIRYAGBHYAM Vedic Method 4 6 X 4 3 1 9 7 8
  • 18. Three digit multiplication by URDHVA TIRYAGBHYAM Vedic Method 103 X 105 1 0, 8 1 5
  • 19. YAVDUNAM TAAVDUNIKRITYA VARGANCHA YOJAYET This sutra means whatever the extent of its deficiency, lessen it still further to that very extent; and also set up the square of that deficiency. This sutra is very handy in calculating squares of numbers near(lesser) to powers of 10
  • 20. YAVDUNAM TAAVDUNIKRITYA VARGANCHA YOJAYET 98 2 = 9604  The nearest power of 1100 ttoo 9988 iiss 110000.. TThheerreeffoorree,, lleett uuss ttaakkee 110000 aass oouurr bbaassee..  SSiinnccee 9988 iiss 22 lleessss tthhaann 110000,, wwee ccaallll 22 aass tthhee ddeeffiicciieennccyy..  DDeeccrreeaassee tthhee ggiivveenn nnuummbbeerr ffuurrtthheerr bbyy aann aammoouunntt eeqquuaall ttoo tthhee ddeeffiicciieennccyy.. ii..ee..,, ppeerrffoorrmm (( 9988 --22 )) == 996.. TThhiiss iiss tthhee lleefftt ssiiddee ooff oouurr aannsswweerr!!!!..  OOnn tthhee rriigghhtt hhaanndd ssiiddee ppuutt tthhee ssqquuaarree ooff tthhee ddeeffiicciieennccyy,, tthhaatt iiss ssqquuaarree ooff 22 == 0044..  AAppppeenndd tthhee rreessuullttss ffrroomm sstteepp 44 aanndd 55 ttoo ggeett tthhee rreessuulltt.. HHeennccee tthhee aannsswweerr iiss 9960044.. NNoottee :: WWhhiillee ccaallccuullaattiinngg sstteepp 55,, tthhee nnuummbbeerr ooff ddiiggiittss iinn tthhee ssqquuaarreedd nnuummbbeerr ((0044)) sshhoouulldd bbee eeqquuaall ttoo nnuummbbeerr ooff zzeerrooeess iinn tthhee bbaassee((110000))..
  • 21. YAVDUNAM TAAVDUNIKRITYA VARGANCHA YOJAYET 103 2 = 10609  The nearest power of 1100 ttoo 110033 iiss 110000.. TThheerreeffoorree,, lleett uuss ttaakkee 110000 aass oouurr bbaassee..  SSiinnccee 110033 iiss 33 mmoorree tthhaann 110000 ((bbaassee)),, wwee ccaallll 33 aass tthhee ssuurrpplluuss..  IInnccrreeaassee tthhee ggiivveenn nnuummbbeerr ffuurrtthheerr bbyy aann aammoouunntt eeqquuaall ttoo tthhee ssuurrpplluuss.. ii..ee..,, ppeerrffoorrmm (( 110033 ++ 33 )) == 11006.. TThhiiss iiss tthhee lleefftt ssiiddee ooff oouurr aannsswweerr!!!!..  OOnn tthhee rriigghhtt hhaanndd ssiiddee ppuutt tthhee ssqquuaarree ooff tthhee ssuurrpplluuss,, tthhaatt iiss ssqquuaarree ooff 33 == 0099..  AAppppeenndd tthhee rreessuullttss ffrroomm sstteepp 44 aanndd 55 ttoo ggeett tthhee rreessuulltt..HHeennccee tthhee aannsswweerr iiss 110060099.. NNoottee :: wwhhiillee ccaallccuullaattiinngg sstteepp 55,, tthhee nnuummbbeerr ooff ddiiggiittss iinn tthhee ssqquuaarreedd nnuummbbeerr ((0099)) sshhoouulldd bbee eeqquuaall ttoo nnuummbbeerr ooff zzeerrooeess iinn tthhee bbaassee((110000))..
  • 22. YAVDUNAM TAAVDUNIKRITYA VARGANCHA YOJAYET 1009 2 = 1018081
  • 23. SAŃKALANA – VYAVAKALANĀBHYAM The Sutra (formula) SAŃKALANA – VYAVAKALANĀ BHYAM means : 'bbyy aaddddiittiioonn aanndd bbyy ssuubbttrraaccttiioonn'' IItt ccaann bbee aapppplliieedd iinn ssoollvviinngg aa ssppeecciiaall ttyyppee ooff ssiimmuullttaanneeoouuss eeqquuaattiioonnss wwhheerree tthhee xx -- ccooeeffffiicciieennttss aanndd tthhee yy -- ccooeeffffiicciieennttss aarree ffoouunndd iinntteerrcchhaannggeedd..
  • 24. SAŃKALANA – VYAVAKALANĀBHYAM Example 1: 45x – 23y = 113 23x – 45y = 91 FFiirrssttllyy aadddd tthheemm,, (( 4455xx –– 2233yy )) ++ (( 2233xx –– 4455yy )) == 111133 ++ 9911 688xx –– 688yy == 220044 xx –– yy == 33 SSuubbttrraacctt oonnee ffrroomm ootthheerr,, (( 4455xx –– 2233yy )) –– (( 2233xx –– 4455yy )) == 111133 –– 9911 2222xx ++ 2222yy == 2222 xx ++ yy == 11  RRrreeppeeaatt tthhee ssaammee ssuuttrraa,, wwee ggeett xx == 22 aanndd yy == -- 11
  • 25. SAŃKALANA – VYAVAKALANĀBHYAM Example 2: 1955x – 476y = 2482 476x – 1955y = - 4913 JJuusstt aadddd,, 22443311(( xx –– yy )) == -- 22443311 xx –– yy == --11  SSuubbttrraacctt,, 11447799 (( xx ++ yy )) == 77339955 xx ++ yy == 55 OOnnccee aaggaaiinn aadddd,, 22xx == 44 xx == 22 ssuubbttrraacctt -- 22yy == -- 66 yy == 33
  • 26. ANTYAYOR DAŚAKE'PI The Sutra (formula)  TThhiiss ssuuttrraa iiss hheellppffuull iinn ANTYAYOR DAŚAKE'PI means : ‘‘ NNuummbbeerrss ooff wwhhiicchh tthhee llaasstt ddiiggiittss aaddddeedd uupp ggiivvee 1100..’’ mmuullttiippllyyiinngg nnuummbbeerrss wwhhoossee llaasstt ddiiggiittss aadddd uupp ttoo 1100((oorr ppoowweerrss ooff 1100)).. TThhee rreemmaaiinniinngg ddiiggiittss ooff tthhee nnuummbbeerrss sshhoouulldd bbee iiddeennttiiccaall.. FFoorr EExxaammppllee:: IInn mmuullttiipplliiccaattiioonn ooff nnuummbbeerrss  2255 aanndd 2255,, 22 iiss ccoommmmoonn aanndd 55 ++ 55 == 1100  4477 aanndd 4433,, 44 iiss ccoommmmoonn aanndd 77 ++ 33 == 1100  622 aanndd 688,,  11116 aanndd 111144..  442255 aanndd 447755
  • 27. ANTYAYOR DAŚAKE'PI Vedic Method 6 7 X 6 3 4 2 2 1  TThhee ssaammee rruullee wwoorrkkss wwhheenn tthhee ssuumm ooff tthhee llaasstt 22,, llaasstt 33,, llaasstt 44 -- -- -- ddiiggiittss aaddddeedd rreessppeeccttiivveellyy eeqquuaall ttoo 110000,, 11000000,, 1100000000 ---- -- -- ..  TThhee ssiimmppllee ppooiinntt ttoo rreemmeemmbbeerr iiss ttoo mmuullttiippllyy eeaacchh pprroodduucctt bbyy 1100,, 110000,, 11000000,, -- -- aass tthhee ccaassee mmaayy bbee ..  YYoouu ccaann oobbsseerrvvee tthhaatt tthhiiss iiss mmoorree ccoonnvveenniieenntt wwhhiillee wwoorrkkiinngg wwiitthh tthhee pprroodduucctt ooff 33 ddiiggiitt nnuummbbeerrss
  • 28. ANTYAYOR DAŚAKE'PI 892 X 808 = 720736 TTrryy YYoouurrsseellff :: AA)) 339988 XX 330022 == 112200119966 BB)) 779955 XX 770055 == 556600447755
  • 29. LOPANA STHÂPANÂBHYÂM The Sutra (formula) LOPANA STHÂPANÂBHYÂ M means : ''bbyy aalltteerrnnaattee eelliimmiinnaattiioonn aanndd rreetteennttiioonn''  CCoonnssiiddeerr tthhee ccaassee ooff ffaaccttoorriizzaattiioonn ooff qquuaaddrraattiicc eeqquuaattiioonn ooff ttyyppee aaxx22 ++ bbyy22 ++ cczz22 ++ ddxxyy ++ eeyyzz ++ ffzzxx  TThhiiss iiss aa hhoommooggeenneeoouuss eeqquuaattiioonn ooff sseeccoonndd ddeeggrreeee iinn tthhrreeee vvaarriiaabblleess xx,, yy,, zz..  TThhee ssuubb--ssuuttrraa rreemmoovveess tthhee ddiiffffiiccuullttyy aanndd mmaakkeess tthhee ffaaccttoorriizzaattiioonn ssiimmppllee..
  • 30. LOPANA STHÂPANÂBHYÂM Example : 3x 2 + 7xy + 2y 2+ 11xz + 7yz + 6z 2  Eliminate z and retain x, y ; factorize 3x 2 + 7xy + 2y 2 = (3x + y) (x + 2y)  Eliminate y and retain x, z; factorize 3x 2 + 11xz + 6z 2 = (3x + 2z) (x + 3z)  Fill the gaps, the given expression (3x + y + 2z) (x + 2y + 3z)  Eliminate zz bbyy ppuuttttiinngg zz == 00 aanndd rreettaaiinn xx aanndd yy aanndd ffaaccttoorriizzee tthhuuss oobbttaaiinneedd aa qquuaaddrraattiicc iinn xx aanndd yy bbyy mmeeaannss ooff AAddyyaammaaddyyeennaa ssuuttrraa..  SSiimmiillaarrllyy eelliimmiinnaattee yy aanndd rreettaaiinn xx aanndd zz aanndd ffaaccttoorriizzee tthhee qquuaaddrraattiicc iinn xx aanndd zz..  WWiitthh tthheessee ttwwoo sseettss ooff ffaaccttoorrss,, ffiillll iinn tthhee ggaappss ccaauusseedd bbyy tthhee eelliimmiinnaattiioonn pprroocceessss ooff zz aanndd yy rreessppeeccttiivveellyy.. TThhiiss ggiivveess aaccttuuaall ffaaccttoorrss ooff tthhee eexxpprreessssiioonn..
  • 31. GUNÌTA SAMUCCAYAH - SAMUCCAYA GUNÌTAH Example : 3x 2 + 7xy + 2y 2+ 11xz + 7yz + 6z 2  Eliminate z and retain x, y ; factorize 3x 2 + 7xy + 2y 2 = (3x + y) (x + 2y)  Eliminate y and retain x, z; factorize 3x 2 + 11xz + 6z 2 = (3x + 2z) (x + 3z)  Fill the gaps, the given expression (3x + y + 2z) (x + 2y + 3z)  Eliminate zz bbyy ppuuttttiinngg zz == 00 aanndd rreettaaiinn xx aanndd yy aanndd ffaaccttoorriizzee tthhuuss oobbttaaiinneedd aa qquuaaddrraattiicc iinn xx aanndd yy bbyy mmeeaannss ooff AAddyyaammaaddyyeennaa ssuuttrraa..  SSiimmiillaarrllyy eelliimmiinnaattee yy aanndd rreettaaiinn xx aanndd zz aanndd ffaaccttoorriizzee tthhee qquuaaddrraattiicc iinn xx aanndd zz..  WWiitthh tthheessee ttwwoo sseettss ooff ffaaccttoorrss,, ffiillll iinn tthhee ggaappss ccaauusseedd bbyy tthhee eelliimmiinnaattiioonn pprroocceessss ooff zz aanndd yy rreessppeeccttiivveellyy.. TThhiiss ggiivveess aaccttuuaall ffaaccttoorrss ooff tthhee eexxpprreessssiioonn..
  • 32. PrePared By: NNaannddiinnii..NN..LL MMaatthheemmaattiiccss ooppttiioonnaall RReegg..nnoo::1133997711001100 KKUUCCTTEE KKuummaarraappuurraamm TThhiirruuvvaannaanntthhaappuurraamm