This document provides definitions for key terms related to biodiversity and scientific research. It defines terms like binomial nomenclature, biodiversity, canopy, citizen science, data, database, distribution, drone, ethanol, evolution, expedition, geographic information system, latitude, liquid nitrogen, molecular, multidiscisplinary, natural selection, ornithologist, parasitism, permit, population, population size, range, remote sensing, spatial analyses, species, species richness, systematics, taxonomy, and terrestrial. The definitions cover concepts in fields like biology, ecology, geography, and scientific methodology.

1. Endogenic Movements
Grade – 9
Geography

2. SWBAT develop and present cogeographic
question(How to bring together current information and new
mbinations of geographic information to answer a information
about a similar concept)
Objective

3. BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE: a system of naming each type
of organism, consisting of the two-part scientific name that is unique
for each species; the first word identifies the genus of the organism
and the second word signifies the species; taken together, both
words constitute the name of the species; they are written in italics,
and only the genus name is capitalized; sometimes also called the
Latin name, Latin binomial, or species name
BIODIVERSITY: the variety of life on Earth or some
specified geographic area of the planet; the diversity of
life occurs at the genetic level, at the species level, at the
ecosystem level, and in evolutionary lineages
CANOPY: in general, an overhead covering; in forest ecology, the
top layer of leaves of the trees in a forest; the crowns of the trees

4. CITIZEN SCIENCE: a form of public participation in
scientific research in which members of the public help
collect and analyze data to help scientists answer research
questions on different projects; a citizen scientist is a person
who participates in a citizen science project
DATA: information note that data is a plural word; if you
have just one piece of information, it is a datum (singular)
DATABASE: a collection or set of data on a particular topic;
the data are organized or compiled in a specific way to make
use and analyses easier

5. DREDGE: a machine or piece of equipment used to
remove sand, mud or gravel from the bottom of a
waterway such as a river, channel or harbor; can also be
used as a verb to refer to the act of bringing up something
from underwater
DISTRIBUTION: in general, the pattern or way that
something is spread out; in species, the geographical
places or areas around the world where a given species
lives; similar to the range of the species
DRONE: as used in reference to technology, an
unmanned aircraft; can be used in remote sensing to
collect environmental information

6. ETHANOL: a type of alcohol; also called ethyl alcohol
or grain alcohol; has many uses including as a solvent, as
an antiseptic and as a preservative for specimens that
have been collected; is also the type of alcohol found in
alcoholic beverages
EVOLUTION: the changes in heritable traits of a
population over time
EXPEDITION: a journey or voyage with a specific
purpose

7. GROUND TRUTHING: having experts gather data in
the field in person to compare to data collected by remote
sensing techniques
GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS): a
computer-based tool for creating maps using a variety of
geographic information sources; sometimes used synonymously
with GPS (Global Positioning System), but they are not the
same; GPS uses satellites as reference points to determine the
location of something; these location data can then be used by
GIS to create maps and the precise latitude and longitude
coordinates
LATITUDE: geographic coordinates that run parallel to the
equator; for example, northern latitudes are north of the equator

8. LIQUID NITROGEN: nitrogen at an extremely low
temperature that is in a liquid state; is used to preserve, by
rapid freezing, some specimens for future molecular
analysis
MOLECULAR: referring to molecules; molecules are
made up of two or more atoms; molecular biology is the
type of science that studies the molecular aspects of life,
including DNA and genetics
MULTIDISCIPLINARY: in general, involving several
different disciplines or specialized aspects; in reference to
scientific research or expeditions, having experts from
many different areas or disciplines working together, such
as botany, entomology, ichthyology, mammalogy, etc.

9. NATURAL SELECTION: a process by which individuals
that are better adapted to their environment are more likely
to survive and reproduce than others of the same species;
leads to evolution
ORNITHOLOGIST: a person who studies birds
PARASITISM: a type of symbiosis in which one organism
(the parasite) benefits by living in or on the organism that is
harmed (the host)

10. PERMIT: as a verb, to give permission or allow
something to happen; as a general noun, an official
document that allows a person to do something; for
expeditions, an official and legally binding document that
gives scientists permission to collect certain types of
organisms at a species place at a specific time
POPULATION: all the individuals of a particular species
that live in a specific geographic area; a species may be
made up of one or more populations
POPULATION SIZE: the number of individuals in a
particular population of organisms

11. RANGE: the geographic places or areas around the world
in which a species lives; similar to the distribution of the
species
REMOTE SENSING: obtaining information about
environments, geographic areas or organisms through
machines such as satellites or remote-controlled cameras
without humans coming in contact with the area or
organisms
SPATIAL ANALYSES: a general term that refers to
techniques used to study and visualize the distribution or
location of something, especially in reference to
something else

12. SPECIES: a distinct type of organism
SPECIES RICHNESS: the number of different species
in a given geographic area
SYSTEMATICS: the study of the diversity of life, both
past and present, and the evolutionary relationships
among organisms through time; closely related to, but not
synonymous with taxonomy

13. TAXONOMY: the science of naming organisms and
defining groups of organisms based on shared physical
and molecular characteristics; closely related to, but not
synonymous with systematics
TERRESTRIAL: pertaining to the land
WUNDERKAMMER: in German, a wonder room; a
room that had collections of natural objects on display

14. Content Compiled by,
D. B. Naga Muruga