Group Project for Psychology course in Prince Sultan University, Fall 2015.

1. Time Management
Fai AlAjaji 212410497
Satanay Hakoun 212410268
Nada Barakeh 212410052
Nora Alfawzan 212410574

2. Outline
• What is time management?
• Why do we need it?
• Signs of poor time management
• Time management and psychology
• Tips on how to manage your time
• survey

3. What is time management?
• “Time management is the ability to plan and control how you spend the
hours in your day to effectively accomplish your goals.”

4. Why do we need time management?
• To help us achieve our goals
• To help us minimize stress
• To help us be more productive
• To help us gain more control on our life
( social, work, school )  create equilibrium
• To help us use time effectively
• To help us boost our self control

5. Signs of poor time management
• Easily irritated , annoyed, impatient
• You start doing all of the work
• due to the limited time frame.
• procrastination
• Your always in a rush
• Undefined or poorly defined goals

6. Signs of poor time management
• Perfectionism
• Unable to make decisions
• Unable to deliver things on time
• Weak performance
• Drained from energy

7. Time Management and Psychology
The relationship between time
management and psychology is
inevitable. A lot of studies showed cases
that demonstrate this relationship and
how time management can be effected
by many factors such as gender, age,
parents, and environment. The following
experiment is an example of how they
are related and it was done on students.

8. Time Management and Psychology
The Case Study
The data was collected in two waves, a period of 6 months between each wave
and the other, with 814 students (414 females) at Time 1 and 340 (160 females)
at Time 2 (average age 12 years). These participants completed the new
measure of time management, a measure of the big-five personality traits, a
vocabulary test and they also reported their grades.

9. Time Management and Psychology
Sample Scale Items
This new scale had 8 items for each of four domains of time management. Students rated
these on a five-point scale from "Never" to "Always." Here is a sample item for each of the
main domains.
- Planning - "I change my plans all the time."
- Meeting deadlines - "I complete my homework on time."
- Effective organization - "I clean my bedroom before I leave for school" (Blogger's question:
Do some kids actually do this?!)
- Mechanics of time management - "I like to make lists of things to do."

10. Time Management and Psychology
The Results
A factor analysis of the time-management scale data revealed two factors:
Meeting Deadlines (9 items) and Planning (9 items). The other items on the
scale were removed because they did not load on these two factors. It would
seem that tweens have a simpler understanding of time management, as the
adult scales for time management revealed 3-5 factors, more on this below.

11. Time Management and Psychology
Time management was not correlated with
vocabulary scores, so time management doesn't
seem to be a part of general intelligence.
Time management scores (total score and the two
subscales of Meeting Deadlines and Planning) were
related to grades. Better time management was
related to better grades overall, particularly at Time
2 suggesting that time-management skills have a
sustainable impact on students' grades.

12. Time Management and Psychology
Females scored higher on time management, with a larger effect size for
Planning. Females also scored higher on the personality traits of Conscientious,
Agreeableness and Neuroticism (3 traits that were also correlated with Time
Management).
Most interesting for me as a personality psychologist, Conscientiousness fully
mediated the relationship between gender and Meeting Deadlines. In other
words, the relationship between gender and time management is an expression
of the broader personality trait of how conscientious the individual is, and girls
were found to be more conscientious than boys.

13. Time Management and Psychology
I agree with the authors who note that we need to
examine other behavioral manifestations of
Conscientiousness to understand students' success,
particularly goal-setting and procrastination. I know
from the procrastination research literature that
students may use planning to try and manage their
time effectively, but still not act on intentions due to
other psychological factors, often related to self-esteem
and feelings of competence. Student success and
grades are not simply a matter of time management.
Time management is one indicator of successful self-
regulation; Necessary, but not sufficient.

14. Time Management and Psychology
All in all, there are differences in
having the skills of time
management between one person
and the other according to many
physiological and psychological
factors. But we can develop these
skills by certain ways and methods.

15. How Can I manage my time ?

16. Common mistakes in time management
• Not keeping a to-do-list
• Not setting personal goals
• Not prioritizing
• Failing to manage distractions
• Procrastination

17. Common mistakes in time management
• Taking on too much
• Multitasking
• Not taking Breaks
• Ineffectively scheduling a task

18. Tools & techniques
• Activity Logs
Recording how you spend your time.
1. Benefits of activity logs :
1. Will help you know if you're doing the most important work at the right time
2. Will help you know what activities you do that does not help you in achieving your
goals
3. How you invest your time

20. Tools & Techniques
• To-Do list
These are prioritized lists of all the tasks that you need to carry out.
Benefits of To-do lists:
1. All tasks are written in one place so you don't forget.
2. Makes you plan the order of each task based on importance.
3. Keeps you organized
4. Keeps you focused

21. Todoist

22. Tools & Techniques
• Eisenhower's Urgent/Important Principle
• helps you think about your priorities, and determine which of your activities are important
and which are, essentially, distractions.
• What Are "Urgent" and "Important" Activities?
• Important activities have an outcome that leads to us achieving our goals, whether these are
professional or personal.
• Urgent activities demand immediate attention, and are usually associated with achieving
someone else's goals. They are often the ones we concentrate on and they demand attention
because the consequences of not dealing with them are immediate.

23. Tools & Techniques
• How to Use Eisenhower's Principle

24. Survey
• A survey was conducted:
• To examine how frequent college student use time management techniques.
• To test the effects of using those techniques.
• The survey was done on college students that were selected randomly and of
different majors and levels.

25. How frequent college students use time
management techniques:
77% 74%
65% 61%
74%
Technique
Frequency
Prioritizing Time Tracking
Using To-Do lists and Reminding System Avoiding Procrastination and Interruptions
Meeting one's abilities

26. The effects of using the techniques
• The most desired effects of time management are:
• To be less stressed.
• To be able to do required work before deadline.

27. The effects of using the techniques
74%
80%
Outcomes
Frequency
Meeting Deadlines Less Stress

28. References
• https://www.psychologytoday.com/basics/time-management
• http://www.slideshare.net/archana1372/time-management-presentation-
presentationPoor punctuality
• http://www.coachingpositiveperformance.com/11-symptoms-poor-time-management/
• Liu, O.L., Rijmen, F., MacCann, C., & Roberts, R. (in press). The assessment of time
management skills in middle-school students. Personality and Individual Differences.
doi:10.1016/j.paid.2009.02.018
• https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/dont-delay/200904/tween-time-management-
personality-gender-school-performance
• Survey is done using SurveyMonkey.com