Potassium (Hyperkalemia & Hypokalemia) Fluid and Electrolytes
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Visit http://bit.ly/nrsngacademy for the full presentation. Potassium is a crucial electrolyte within the body. This presentation is perfect for nursing students to understand the role potassium plays in the body. Learn more about NRSNG and NRSNG Academy at: http://bit.ly/nrsngacademy
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Potassium (Hyperkalemia & Hypokalemia) Fluid and Electrolytes
- 1. 1www.nrsng.com© NRSNG, LLC. All rights reserved. POTASSIUM - K+ Hypokalemia & Hyperkalemia
- 2. 2www.nrsng.com© NRSNG, LLC. All rights reserved. POTASSIUM ● NORMAL RANGE: ○ 3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L ● MAIN FUNCTIONS: ○ Most abundant intracellular cation ○ Transmission of electrical impulses ○ Acid-base balance
- 3. 3www.nrsng.com© NRSNG, LLC. All rights reserved. HYPOKALEMIA - CAUSES Less than 3.5 mEq/L Alkalosis Vomiting / Diarrhea Diuretics ↑ Adrenal Activity Excess Insulin
- 4. 4www.nrsng.com© NRSNG, LLC. All rights reserved. HYPOKALEMIA - SYMPTOMS ● Resp → Shallow ● Musculoskeletal → hyporeflexive ● Cardiovascular → Weak pulse, dysrhythmias ● Neuro → AMS, ↓ LOC ● GI → hypoactive
- 5. 5www.nrsng.com© NRSNG, LLC. All rights reserved. HYPOKALEMIA - TREATMENT Replace Potassium SLOWLY Cardiac & Respiratory Monitoring Potassium Sparing Diuretics Treat Cause / Prevent more loss Potassium Rich Foods
- 6. 6www.nrsng.com© NRSNG, LLC. All rights reserved. HYPERKALEMIA - CAUSES Greater than 5.0 mEq/L Acidosis Diabetes - DKA Burns / Tissue Injury Dehydration / Infection Renal Failure ↓ Adrenal Activity
- 7. 7www.nrsng.com© NRSNG, LLC. All rights reserved. HYPERKALEMIA - SYMPTOMS ● Cardiovascular → ↓HR, ↓ BP ● EKG Changes → dysrhythmias ● Neuromuscular → twitching ● GI → hyperactive
- 8. 8www.nrsng.com© NRSNG, LLC. All rights reserved. HYPERKALEMIA - TREATMENT Cardiac Monitoring Potassium Restricted Diet Dialysis Potassium Decreasing Meds
- 9. 9www.nrsng.com© NRSNG, LLC. All rights reserved. KEY POINTS Normal Value 3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L Main Functions Electrical Impulse, Acid-Base Balance, Intracellular Hypokalemia Less than 3.5 mEq/L, think “hypoactive”, Replace Hyperkalemia Greater than 5.0 mEq/L, think “hyperactive”, Restrict/Reduce Top Priorities Treat the cause, Protect the HEART! 01 02 03 04 05
- 10. 10www.nrsng.com© NRSNG, LLC. All rights reserved. HAPPY NURSING!!