1. Characterisation Services
Behavioural Modelling
System Integration
Consulting & Training
Your nonlinear problem is our business
Do you want to...
 experience the power of large-signal measurements with limited budget?
 better understand your RF diodes, transistors under RF conditions?
 see why your power amplifier is not performing as predicted?
 know how reliable your devices are under realistic conditions?
NMDG NV
C. van Kerckhovenstraat 110 Bldg 5  determine “on the fly” the matching circuits for switching amplifiers?
B-2880 Bornem, Belgium - Europe
Tel. +32 (0) 3 890 46 12  create measurement-based models for your devices?
Fax +32 (0) 3 890 46 29
Email: info@nmdg.be  minimise effort and investment developing advanced systems?
 learn about the newest characterisation and modelling techniques?
www.nmdg.be
May 2009

3. Introduction
Your nonlinear problem is our business
The business of NMDG is to assist R&D, design, test engineers and instrumentation
manufacturers who need to characterise, model and test HF active components and
circuits under realistic conditions, especially in nonlinear mode of operation.
Besides the commercialisation of products, NMDG offers characterisation, behavioural
modelling, consulting services based on Large-Signal Network Analyser (LSNA) tech-
nology, resulting in faster realisation of better and more complex HF designs, better
testing procedures and faster time to market.
Using its extensive expertise in RF instrumentation, NMDG develops characterisation
systems on customer demand.
Finally, as each nonlinear problem is different, NMDG provides consulting services to
help customer to understand and solve their problems, and gives training courses on
nonlinear characterisation techniques, load-pull techniques and behavioural modelling
theory.

4. Characterisation Service
While existing characterisation techniques give only partial information on nonlinear
behaviour of components, large-signal network analysis (LSNA) techniques reveal the
fundamental and complete information of the component nonlinear behaviour, i.e.
voltage and current or travelling waves at fundamental and harmonics, including mod-
ulation. Through its characterisation service, NMDG allows you to get insight into the
nonlinear behaviour of your component under realistic conditions both in terms of stim-
uli (continuous wave or modulation) and mismatch conditions (non-50 Ohm).
For your convenience the resulting measurement data can be exported in different
formats, like CITIFile, CSV-format or table-format. On your request, other formats can
be considered. The resulting data can be coupled in simulation tools for, among oth-
ers, model verification and tuning.
The LSNA2ICCAP tool allows to process and visualise, in a simple and intuitive way,
LSNA-measured data, incorporated into the Agilent™ IC-CAP™ environment. For cus-
tomers who have simulation capabilities in Agilent™ IC-CAP™ through Agilent™
ADS™, the LSNA measurements can even be efficiently applied not only to character-
ise an active device while operating under realistic signal conditions, but also to verify
the accuracy of its model in the same model extraction environment.
Key Values
➢ Study the true and complete high-frequency behaviour of your components
under realistic large-signal RF excitation and mismatch conditions
➢ Eliminate the uncertainty of the impact of the measurement environment
➢ Investigate the reliability of your components under realistic HF conditions
➢ Reduce the design time by using LSNA-certified models
➢ Determine directly the matching circuits for proper classes of operation

5. NMDG offers:
➢ DC I-V characteristics
➢ S-parameters at different bias points
➢ Source and Load-Pull
➢ Broadband voltage and current time-domain waveforms:
 at the input and output of the test device
 including fundamental, harmonic and modulation behaviour up to 50GHz
 under continuous wave and modulation (two-tone, multi-tone) stimuli
 under different source and load impedances
➢ Hot S-parameter measurements
➢ AM / AM - AM / PM
➢ Static harmonic distortion analysis
➢ Dynamic harmonic distortion analysis
➢ Stability analysis under hot conditions
➢ Measurement of output impedance of sources, oscillators under hot conditions
➢ Conversion matrices
➢ Characterisation of frequency-translating devices like mixers
➢ In-circuit measurements using high-impedance probes
➢ ... many more on request

6. Modelling Service
Thanks to the complete insight of the nonlinear beha-
viour, NMDG can provide you a measurement-based
behavioural model for your component, valid for a giv-
en fundamental frequency, input power range and
source and load mismatches.
Such a model can then be integrated in your simulation
tool to predict harmonic behaviour and potentially mod-
ulation behaviour of your component.
Through customisation of the measurement setup and
adaptation of the algorithms, it is possible to extend the behavioural model to include
memory effects, even including the effects of the bias circuitry.
Key Values
➢ Simulate your active HF components under mismatched conditions,
fast and accurately
➢ Measurement-based behavioural models with limited and verifiable assumptions
➢ Model is not constructed from specifications but from "complete" measurements
➢ The modelling process is straightforward and the model is directly based on
measurements
➢ Model accuracy at the fundamental in a non-50 Ohm environment, predicting
input and output behaviour
NMDG offers:
➢ Extraction of a measurement-based behavioural model at the specified
fundamental frequency for a given input power range and a range of termination
impedances:
 predicts the complete voltage - current or incident - reflected wave behaviour
at the input and output port of the component, taking into account the effect of
source and load impedance for different bias points
 predicts modulation behaviour
➢ Connection into ADS™ from Agilent Technologies™
➢ Components can be connectorised, in fixture (including deembedding) or on
wafer

7. System Integration Service
To meet the needs of the continuous evolution of HF and
high-speed components, the frequency range of instrument-
ation is extended in conjunction with the capability to cap-
ture more and more complex signals. A very good example
are the oscilloscopes, passing the 10 GHz barrier. Mean-
while spectrum and signal analysers are extended with
more features to capture also the time aspects of the sig-
nals.
Unfortunately the distance between the component and the
instrument is increasing. Interconnects introduce measure-
ment errors which are difficult to quantify. Components are
not always operating in 50 Ohm environments adding the
Photo provided difficulty to relate instrument results to component beha-
courtesy of ON Semiconductor viour. Meanwhile the increasing importance of nonlinear
characteristics of the components requires synchronous
characterisation capabilities at DC, low frequencies and high frequencies.
NMDG's expertise takes away your burden to develop, adapt measurement systems to
properly characterise devices. As such, you can stay focused on design and manufac-
turing.
NMDG will develop and implement characterisation systems on your request.
Key Values
➢ Eliminate the guess work in your measurements by adding the proper calibration
➢ Extend your signal analysis capability to component analysis through software
and additional hardware
NMDG offers:
➢ Development, implementation and support of RF measurement systems
➢ Instrument control, algorithm and GUI development
➢ Integration of measured data in your simulation environment

8. Consulting and Training Services
Being involved in this business for more than 15 years, NMDG knows that nonlinear
characterisation is not obvious. As such, NMDG can help you to solve your specific
nonlinear problem through its consulting services.
NMDG also offers general and advanced training on large-signal network analysis
techniques to demystify “what goes beyond S-parameters”.
Key Values
➢ Bring Large-Signal Network Analysis expertise to your team
➢ Face-to-face discussion with Large-Signal Network Analysis experts
NMDG offers:
➢ Consulting services to help you solve your nonlinear problems
➢ General and advanced trainings, on site or via webinars

9. Contact Information
NMDG nv
Cesar Van Kerckhovenstraat 110
Fountain Business Center – Bldg 5
2880 Bornem
BELGIUM
Tel.: +32 3 890 46 12
Fax: +32 3 890 46 29
info@nmdg.be
www.nmdg.be

10. Notes

12. © Copyright 2009 - NMDG