This presentation provides an overview of All India Radio (AIR) and how it works. It discusses the principles of radio broadcasting including modulation, amplification, transmission, and demodulation. It describes the different types of radio broadcasting and the key components of a radio station - the studio center which houses equipment like microphones, recorders, and mixing consoles; the control room which handles switching, monitoring, and control; and the transmitting center which sends the radio signals. The presentation includes block diagrams and details about the various equipment used in a radio studio and control room.

1. P R E S E N TAT I O N
ON
ALL INDIA RADIO
AKASHWANI
Presented By :
ABHIJEET KUREKAR GAYATRI PATMASE YASMEEN SHEIKH
2015BEC519 2015BEC521 2015BEC515
SHRI. GURU GOBIND SINGHJI INSTITUTE OF
ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, NANDED-431606
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
Presented To:
MR. PANKAJ WAKHRADKAR

2. Contents
1)Introduction to AIR
2)Principle of AIR
3)Methodology in Radio Broadcasting
4)Working of Radio Station
5)Studio centre
6)Equipments
7)Control Room

3. Introduction to AIR
• Radio broadcasting is transmission by radio waves intended to
reach a wide audience.Radio is the transmission of signals by
modulation of electromagnetic waves with frequencies below
those of visible light.

4. • Modulation
• Amplification
Transmission
• Demodulation
• Amplification
Reception
Principle of AIR

5. Methodology In Radio Broadcasting

6. Types of Radio Broadcasting

7. Working of Radio Station
RADIO
STATION
R radio station is a
broadcasting centre, the
objective being to
produce informative,
educational and
entertaining
programmes. Radio
station consists of three
centres:
The studio
centre
The control
room
The
transmitting
centre

8. Studio Centre
Equipments
Announcer
console
Receiving
Centre
Studio
centre

9. SWITCHER
PLAY BACK
STUDIO
MUSIC STUDIO
TALK STUDIO
DUBBING/EDITI
NG ROOM
CONTROL
ROOM SERVER
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF STUDIO

10. Equipments
a. Condenser Microphone
Microphone

11. b. Dynamic Microphone

12. Microphones : Frequency response
Range of frequencies a mic will reproduce at an equal level
Most instruments: 80Hz – 15kHz
Bass instruments: 40Hz - 9kHz
Brass and voice: 80 Hz – 12kHz
Piano: 40 Hz – 12 kHz
Cymbals and some percussion: 300 Hz – 15 or 20 kHz
Orchestra or symphonic band: 40 Hz – 15kHz

13. Recorders and playback equipments
Magnetic discs: In the magnetic system recording is done on
the tape, which has a paramagnetic coating on a plastic base.
This is known as tape recording and is extensively used in
broadcasting.

14. Tape Recorders: Utilize magnetic recording. Provide high
quality recordings and have a main advantage that the tape can
be used repeatedly for recording by removing the previous
recordings when not required.

15. PRE-
AMPLI
FIER
60db
PAD
-10db
F
A
D
E
R
-10
db
AUDIO
DISTRIBUTI
-ON
AMPLIFIER
+10db
MIXER
F
A
D
E
R
-10
db
AUDIO
DISTRIBUTI-
ON
AMPLIFIER
+10db
MIXER
LINE
AMP
-14
db
MIKE -10
db
-70db -20 -10 -20 -10
db db db db +
Equipment
0dbm
(1mW)

16. •The control room is the main technical area of the radio station.
•Switching console does switching of differnet sources for
transmission,quality monitoring level monitoring and control etc.
•Mixing console is an electronic device for combining, routing,
and changing the level, timbre and dynamic of audio signal.
CONTROL ROOM

17. Switching Console