1. INDUSTRIAL PRTESENTATION ON
DOORDARSHAN KENDRA , ALLAHABAD
Submitted to: Submitted By:
Mrs. Ankita Bindal Mam Uzma Azhar
(Project Report Incharge) Roll no: 1413831903

2. AT- A GLANCE
INTRODUCTION
TV STUDIO
EARTH STATION
TRANSMISSION

3. TELEVISION STANDARDS
• NTSC-National television standards committee(US) (525 Horizontal & 60
vertical lines)
• SECAM-System electronics for color avec memoire (FRANCE)(625 vertical
& 50 horizontal lines)
• PAL- Phase Alternating lines(GERMANY)(625 horizontal & 50 vertical line)
“ Television standards used in India is PAL ”

4. • Standard definition TV (SDTV)
• High Definition TV (HDTV)
Lines/frame Aspect Ratio Audio Pixels/Line
• SDTV 4:3 Standard 700 625
• HDTV 16:9 Dolby surround 1080 1920
TELEVISION STANDARDS

5. “ A television studio is an
installation in which
television or video
productions take place ”
TELEVISION STUDIO

6. • ACTION AREA
• PRODUCTION CONTROL ROOM
• CENTRAL APPARATUS ROOM
ACTIVITIES IN A TELEVISION STUDIO
CAN BE DIVIDED INTO THREE MAJOR AREAS SUCH AS :

7. ACTION AREA
This place requires large space
and ceiling as compared to any
other technical area. Action in
this area includes staging,
lighting, performance by artists,
and arrangement to pick up
picture and sound.

8. PRODUCTION CONTROL ROOM
• MONITOR PROGRAM
AND GRAPHICS
• VISION MIXER (to
select video sources)
• Audio console
• Add video effect

9. CENTRAL APPARATUS ROOM
• Includes the power supply unit
• UPS room
• Generator

10. COMPONENTS OF TV STUDIO
• Camera
• Lighting
• Microphones
• Vision mixer and Audio Console
• MSR(Master Switching Room)
• VTR
• Acoustics
• Post Production and Video Effects
• Supporting Services like UPS,AC
VEDIO
EFFECTS
UPS

11. CAMERA OPTICS
A TV Camera consists of four sections.
 Camera lens and optics –
a. Focus .
b. Zoom Section
c. Aperture or Iris Control
 Optical Block
 Transducer or pick up device
 Electronics -

12. IN THREE POINT LIGHTING THE RATIO OF 3/2/1 (BACK/KEY/FILL) FOR
MONO AND 3/2/2 FOR COLOR PROVIDES GOOD PORTRAIT LIGHTING.
LIGHT SOURCES
LIGHT SOURCE FALL INTO TWO CATEGORIES :-
1. HARD : A HARD SOURCE BEHAVES AS A POINT SOURCE AND
CASTS A SINGLE HARD EDGED SHADOW.
2. SOFT : A SOFT SOURCE BEHAVES AS A LARGE AREA SOURCE
TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE RELATIVE SIZE OF OBJECT AND LIGHT
SOURCE AND THE DISTANCE SEPARATING THEM.
LIGHTING

13. TV Transmission
Specifications:
No. of transmitters : 2
Power of transmitters : 10 KW
(HPT)
Height of mast : 150 m
Height of antenna : 15-20 m
Range of Transmitter : 80-100 Km
TV Transmitters are classified on the basis of their Power
of Operation:
High Power Transmitter (HPT) : 1 kW, 5kW,10kW, 20KW
Low Power Transmitter (LPT) : 100W, 300W 500W
Very Low Power Transmitter (VLPT) : 10W, 50W

14. ANTENNA & SATELLITE
• An antenna (or aerial) is a transducer designed to
transmit or receive electromagnetic waves. In other
words, antennas convert electromagnetic waves
into electrical currents and vice versa.

15. TYPES OF ANTENNA
1. Isotropic antenna (idealized)
1. Radiates power equally in all
directions
2. Dipole antennas
1. Half-wave dipole antenna (or Hertz
antenna)
2. Quarter-wave vertical antenna (or
Marconi antenna)
3. Parabolic Dish / Reflective Antenna

16. RESOURCES
• http://inventors.about.com/od/tstartinventions/a/Television.htm
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcast_television_systems
• http://www.althos.com/tutorial/TV-advertising-tutorial-broadcast-television-
system.html
• http://www.scribd.com/doc/44694977/Modern-Communication-Systems-
PART-1-TELEVISION
• http://www.danalee.ca/ttt/transmission.htm

17. THANK YOU