Introduction of civil engineering Various branches of civil engineering

1. Civil Engineering
narendrakalbhor@gmail.com
VIT , khamshet .

2. Civil Engineering is Everywhere
 Civil Engineering is a
composite of many
disciplines.
– Structural
– Waste Treatment
– Transportation
– Geotechnical
– Water Management
– Construction
Management
– Quantity survey &
Valuation

3. Fluid mechanics
 Fluid mechanics is the branch of physics that studies fluids
(liquids, gases, and plasmas) and the forces on them.
 Fluid mechanics can be divided into fluid statics, the study of
fluids at rest.
 Fluid kinematics, the study of fluids in motion , and fluid
dynamics, the study of the effect of forces on fluid motion.
application
 To design closed conduits , open channels
 To analyze properties of fluid in motion before construction
 To analyze it’s( fluid in motion & at rest) effect on the structure
e. g. construction of dam , canal

4. surveying
 Surveying is the science & art of determining
relative positions of various points above & or
below the surface of earth.
 The relative positions are determined by measuring
hz distances, vertical distances ,hz angles & vr
angles accurately using various surveying int.
 Plans & maps are prepared in the office
 Also includes setting out the points on the ground
before starting the const. of bldgs ,roads ,bridges &
dams
 Requires great skill & practice to achieve accuracy
& economy

5. surveying
Plane surveying
 Small areas
 Curved line are
mathematically
considered as str. Line
 Spherical angles are
considered as plane
angles
 Lower accuracy
Geodetic surveying
 Large areas
 Used for establishing
control pt’s
 The surface of the earth
is considered as curved
 Very precise inst Are
used
 Accuracy is very high

6. Structural
engineering
 Structural engineers
design steel, concrete,
or timber framed
structures such as:
– Tall buildings & towers,
– Bridges,
– Dams,
– Retaining walls, &
foundations, &.
– Stadiums.

7. Waste Treatment & Environmental.
 Wastewater treatment
engineers are civil or
environmental engineers
trained to design or analyze
water treatment plants.
 Water treatment plants are
categorized as follows:
– Sanitary waste treatment
facilities,
– Industrial waste treatment
facilities,
– Potable (drinking) water
treatment facility.

8. Transportation
 Transportation
Engineers design and
analyze
– Highways,
– Railways,
– Airports,
– Urban and Suburban
Road Networks,
– Parking Lots, and
– Traffic Control Signal
Systems.

9. Geotechnical &
Soil Mechanics
 Geotechnical Engineers
analyze the subterranean rock
and soil to determine its
suitability to support extreme
loads.
 Proper geotechnical
engineering is essential for a
safe and secure
structure.
 Design of foundations ,
retaining walls , coffer
dams studied in this
course.

10. Hydraulics & Water Management
 Water management
involves the use of
hydrologic and hydraulic
principles to design:
– Drainage systems,
– Retention ponds,
– Navigational waterways, and
– Flood control levees, dams,
and lakes.
– Operation & maintenance of
dams , canals & reservoirs

11. Construction
Management
 Construction managers:
– Review contracts,
– Order materials,
– Hire and schedule sub-
contractors.
 The job of a construction
manager is to:
– Provide quality control and
insure project is completed on
time and.
– Within budget.

12. Quantity surveying & valution
 Preparation of estimates of structures
 Helps in advance to work out capital
cost
Valuation
 To determine cost of property ,
property tax
 To determine depreciation in the value
of a property with time

13. Earthquake engineering
 earthquake engineering is the
scientific field concerned with
protecting society, the natural
and the man-made environment
from earthquakes by limiting
the seismic risk to socio-
economically acceptable levels.
 Earthquake don’t
kill the people ,
but buildings do.

14. Contd….
 Every structure must be designed to
resist earthquake .
 Atomic power plant , oil & gas
refineries , assembly halls , dams,
bridges requires special care(should
resist e/q of magnitude 5.00 R.Scale)

15. Town planning
 Branch of civil engineering
concerned with grouping of city .
 Helpful in systematic planning of
city .
 Keeps eye on illegal construction .
 City areas are reserved for
industrial growth , institution ,
hospital , national highways , state
highways , airport , railways .
 Helpful to keep healthy env in the
city.

16. Role of civil engineers in the const. of
dams , bldgs ,expressways, bridges
 Preliminary survey
 Estimation – time , cost
 Planning – arranging various activities involved in
prj so that prj will complete within estimated time &
budget , keep eye on progress of prj, wastage of
materials
 Surveying - preparation of maps & plan , setting
out boundaries , column pts ,foundation pts
 Execution – actual construction & supervision &
approval for activities running on site.

17. Contd…..
 Quality control - inspection of cement , grade of
concrete , sand , max. size of aggregates , curing
period .
 Preparation of DLR , DMR , DPR (daily labor
report, daily measurement report , daily program
report )
 Billing – work out daily , amt of work done ,
wages to be payed to labors , contractor's bill
 Preparation of bar bending schedule

18. Reference (web site)
 The American Society of
Civil Engineers, a
professional organization
representing more than
120,000civil engineers.