Civil engineering involves many disciplines related to infrastructure development and maintenance including structural, transportation, geotechnical, hydraulic, environmental, and construction engineering. Civil engineers design structures such as buildings, bridges, dams, and foundations as well as transportation systems like roads, railways, and airports. They also work on projects involving water management, waste treatment, earthquake safety, and town planning. Duties of civil engineers include surveying, project planning, cost estimation, quality control, and construction supervision.

1. Civil Engineering
narendrakalbhor@gmail.com
VIT , khamshet .

2. Civil Engineering is Everywhere
 Civil Engineering is a
composite of many
disciplines.
– Structural
– Waste Treatment
– Transportation
– Geotechnical
– Water Management
– Construction
Management
– Quantity survey &
Valuation

3. Fluid mechanics
 Fluid mechanics is the branch of physics that studies fluids
(liquids, gases, and plasmas) and the forces on them.
 Fluid mechanics can be divided into fluid statics, the study of
fluids at rest.
 Fluid kinematics, the study of fluids in motion , and fluid
dynamics, the study of the effect of forces on fluid motion.
application
 To design closed conduits , open channels
 To analyze properties of fluid in motion before construction
 To analyze it’s( fluid in motion & at rest) effect on the structure
e. g. construction of dam , canal

4. surveying
 Surveying is the science & art of determining
relative positions of various points above & or
below the surface of earth.
 The relative positions are determined by measuring
hz distances, vertical distances ,hz angles & vr
angles accurately using various surveying int.
 Plans & maps are prepared in the office
 Also includes setting out the points on the ground
before starting the const. of bldgs ,roads ,bridges &
dams
 Requires great skill & practice to achieve accuracy
& economy

5. surveying
Plane surveying
 Small areas
 Curved line are
mathematically
considered as str. Line
 Spherical angles are
considered as plane
angles
 Lower accuracy
Geodetic surveying
 Large areas
 Used for establishing
control pt’s
 The surface of the earth
is considered as curved
 Very precise inst Are
used
 Accuracy is very high

6. Structural
engineering
 Structural engineers
design steel, concrete,
or timber framed
structures such as:
– Tall buildings & towers,
– Bridges,
– Dams,
– Retaining walls, &
foundations, &.
– Stadiums.

7. Waste Treatment & Environmental.
 Wastewater treatment
engineers are civil or
environmental engineers
trained to design or analyze
water treatment plants.
 Water treatment plants are
categorized as follows:
– Sanitary waste treatment
facilities,
– Industrial waste treatment
facilities,
– Potable (drinking) water
treatment facility.

8. Transportation
 Transportation
Engineers design and
analyze
– Highways,
– Railways,
– Airports,
– Urban and Suburban
Road Networks,
– Parking Lots, and
– Traffic Control Signal
Systems.

9. Geotechnical &
Soil Mechanics
 Geotechnical Engineers
analyze the subterranean rock
and soil to determine its
suitability to support extreme
loads.
 Proper geotechnical
engineering is essential for a
safe and secure
structure.
 Design of foundations ,
retaining walls , coffer
dams studied in this
course.

10. Hydraulics & Water Management
 Water management
involves the use of
hydrologic and hydraulic
principles to design:
– Drainage systems,
– Retention ponds,
– Navigational waterways, and
– Flood control levees, dams,
and lakes.
– Operation & maintenance of
dams , canals & reservoirs

11. Construction
Management
 Construction managers:
– Review contracts,
– Order materials,
– Hire and schedule sub-
contractors.
 The job of a construction
manager is to:
– Provide quality control and
insure project is completed on
time and.
– Within budget.

12. Quantity surveying & valution
 Preparation of estimates of structures
 Helps in advance to work out capital
cost
Valuation
 To determine cost of property ,
property tax
 To determine depreciation in the value
of a property with time

13. Earthquake engineering
 earthquake engineering is the
scientific field concerned with
protecting society, the natural
and the man-made environment
from earthquakes by limiting
the seismic risk to socio-
economically acceptable levels.
 Earthquake don’t
kill the people ,
but buildings do.

14. Contd….
 Every structure must be designed to
resist earthquake .
 Atomic power plant , oil & gas
refineries , assembly halls , dams,
bridges requires special care(should
resist e/q of magnitude 5.00 R.Scale)

15. Town planning
 Branch of civil engineering
concerned with grouping of city .
 Helpful in systematic planning of
city .
 Keeps eye on illegal construction .
 City areas are reserved for
industrial growth , institution ,
hospital , national highways , state
highways , airport , railways .
 Helpful to keep healthy env in the
city.

16. Role of civil engineers in the const. of
dams , bldgs ,expressways, bridges
 Preliminary survey
 Estimation – time , cost
 Planning – arranging various activities involved in
prj so that prj will complete within estimated time &
budget , keep eye on progress of prj, wastage of
materials
 Surveying - preparation of maps & plan , setting
out boundaries , column pts ,foundation pts
 Execution – actual construction & supervision &
approval for activities running on site.

17. Contd…..
 Quality control - inspection of cement , grade of
concrete , sand , max. size of aggregates , curing
period .
 Preparation of DLR , DMR , DPR (daily labor
report, daily measurement report , daily program
report )
 Billing – work out daily , amt of work done ,
wages to be payed to labors , contractor's bill
 Preparation of bar bending schedule

18. Reference (web site)
 The American Society of
Civil Engineers, a
professional organization
representing more than
120,000civil engineers.