This presentation will give the idea of the advanced methods of extraction used in Herbal Drug Industry.

1. ADVANCED METHODS OF EXTRACTION
Prepared By- Nabarun Mukhopadhyay
Assistant Professor
Department of Pharmacognosy
Bapuji Pharmacy College
Davangere

2. CONTENTS
 Introduction of extraction
 Advanced methods of extraction
 Description of the methods
Principle
Procedure
Application
 References

3. EXTRACTION
 Extraction is defined as the process which is achieved by
using solvents of different polarities.
 It helps to obtain the phytoconstituent/s from the crude
drug by the use of solvent/s.
 The solvents chosen for extraction is expected to have
non-inflammable, chemically inert, non-toxic and easily
distillable.

4. CONVENTIONAL METHODS OF
EXTRACTION
 Infusion
 Decoction
 Maceration
 Distillation
 Percolation
 Soxhlet Extraction

5. ADVANCED METHODS
 Supercritical Fluid extraction
 Microwave extraction
 Counter current extraction
 Solid phase microextraction
 Ultrasound extraction
 Liquified gas extraction

6. SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION

7. PRINCIPLE
 Supercritical fluid extraction is the process of
extracting volatile and expensive phyto constituents.
 Supercritical fluid is a substance that boils above
critical point.
 Various supercritical fluids used are Carbon di
oxide, Ethylene, Nitrous oxide, Ammonia, Hexane.

8.  The most safe and popular supercritical fluid used in
industries is carbon di oxide because :
 It can be used with thermolabile substances as its critical
temperature is slightly above room temperature.
 Critical pressure is not too difficult to maintain.
 Non-inflammable
 Chemically inert.
 Odour free

9. PROCEDURE

10. APPLICATION
 Extraction of pesticides
 Food and fragrances
 Essential oils
 Polymers and natural product

11. MICROWAVE ASSISTED EXTRACTION

12. PRINCIPLE
 Microwaves are electromagnetic radiations with a
frequency from 0.3 to 300 GHz.
 Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) is an
extractive method based on the utilization of
microwave energy.
 Efficient extraction is achieved.

14. PROCEDURE
 The plant material is immersed inside a microwave
transparent solvent
 The heat of microwave radiation directly reaches to
the solid without being absorbed by the solvent,
resulting in instantaneous heating of the residual
moisture in the solid.
 Heating causes the moisture to evaporate and
creates a high vapour pressure
 It breaks the cell wall of substrate and releases the
content into solvent.

15. APPLICATIONS
 Extraction of taxanes from Taxus brevifolia needles.
 Azadiractin related limonoids from Azadirachta
indica seed kernels.
 Extracting anti-oxidative phenolic compounds from
tomato using MAE.

16. COUNTER CURRENT EXTRACTION

17. PRINCIPLE
 The counter current extraction method is the method
of liquid liquid extraction.
 Here a chemical compound is distributed between
two immiscible liquid phases according to its
relative solubility in the two phases.
 It was first developed by Lyman C. Craig in 1940.

18. PROCEDURE

19. APPLICATION
 Oil is extracted from soya bean using hexane as a
solvent.
 Purification of organic compound.
 Useful in citrus oil processing
 Used in perfume and food industries.

20. SOLID PHASE MICROEXTRACTION

21. PRINCIPLE
 Solid Phase Microextraction was invented in 1990
by Dr. Janusz Pawliszyn and his colleagues from the
University of Waterloo in Canada.
 It requires a very small amount of solvent.
 This method allows an equibrilium to be reached
between sample matrix and extracting phase.
 The technique is very faster and efficient.

22. PROCEDURE

23. APPLICATION
 Analysis of pesticides
 Characterization of volatile compounds
 Impurity profiling of pharnaceuticals
 Food analysis

24. ULTRASOUND EXTRACTION

25. PRINCIPLE
 Ultrasound extraction is the process of transferring a
substance from any matrix to an appropriate liquid
phase, assisted by sound waves (>20 KHz in
frequency) that propagate through the liquid media.
 It is the most versatile method for the disruption of
cells and for production of extracts.

26. PROCEDURE

27. APPLICATION
 Extraction of flavonoids
 Extraction of phenolic compounds
 Extraction of alantolactone and isoalantolactone
from the plant Inula helenium.

28. Liquified gas extraction
 This method is also called advance phytonics
method.
 Some substances are gases at room temperature and
atmospheric pressure. 1,1,1,2 tetrafluroethane is a
gas and can be liquified.
 This solvent is used and called phytosol.
 Advanced Phytonics Limited(Manchester, UK) has
developed the method.

29. APPLICATIONS
 pharmaceutical industry
 cosmetic
 medical
 food
 flavors and fragrances industries

30. REFERENCES
 Plants American Journal of Essential Oils and
Natural Products 2017; 5(2): 29-32
 Https://www.researchgate.net/publication/23622965
 ADVANCED TECHNIQUES OFMICROWAVE-
ASSISTED HYDRODISTILLATION Nurkholis
Hamidi ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied
SciencesVOL. 11, NO. 2, JANUARY 2016

31. Solid-Phase Microextraction (SPME) and Its
Application to Natural Products M. Abdul Mottaleb
Mohammed J. Meziani and M. Rafiq Islam
 Extraction, Separation and Analysis Techniques
for MAPs Prof. Dr. Temel ÖZEK Anadolu
University, Faculty of Pharmacy, 26470-Eskişehir /
TURKEY