Environmental governance module for Masters of Economic Governance programme at the OSCE Academy

1. Environmental Governance
OSCE, • Murod Khusanov
OSCE Bishkek Academy – 2022
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2. Story of disappeared forest
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3. Story of disappeared forest
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Discovered by Admiral Roggeveen in
1722. Named Easter Island because
discovered on Easter Sunday
Very isolated island (over 2000 miles
from nearest population center—Chile),
the nearest island is 1400 miles away
The Dutch found a primitive society
with about 880 statues and 3,000
people living in huts or caves, engaged
in perpetual warfare and resorting to
cannibalism.
Over the history population of the
island grew steadily from 40-50 in the
5th century to about 7,000 at its peak in
1550.

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Now imagine that we are living in Easter Island

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• Climate Change/Global warming
• Population growth
• Increasing resource use
• deforestation and nonrenewable resources
• Destruction and degradation of habitat
• Premature extinction (loss of biodiversity)
• Pollution
What are the greatest environmental challenge

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António Guterres in the COP27 opening ceremony.
We are on a highway to hell with our foot
still on the accelerator,”

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environment: everything around us including
the living and non-living things with which we
interact
Goals of environmental science
• learn how nature works
• understand how we interact with the
environment
• find ways to deal with environmental
problems and live more sustainably

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Tragedy of the Commons- Garrett Hardin 1968
- Over use of common property (exploiting common
resources)
“if I don’t use this resource someone else will”
“I don’t take enough to matter”
“the amount I pollute is not enough to cause a problem”
“its a renewable resource...it will come back”
- Clean air, open ocean and its fish, wildlife species, publicly
owned land, gases of lower atmosphere, space
- How do we manage these resources on a global level? Who
is responsible for enforcing compliance?

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Sustainability
- Ability of a specified system to survive
and function over a period of time
- Sustainable living: Meeting present needs
without preventing future generations from
meeting theirs
- Sustainable development: balance
current human well-being and economic
advancement with resource management

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Global Averages—Ecological Footprint
Only 15.71 acres
available per
person
(renewable)

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Reality some years ago

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Striptease scenario

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• In 2009 protected areas generated
US$1.5 billion according to a study of
CINPE
• 99% of its electricity comes from
renewables
• In 1997 introduced a carbon tax 3,5%
and in 2018 increased it to 11%
• Tourism makes 8.2% of GDP and 9%
of all employment
• It also employs more women in the
sector
• Conservation policies also engaged
more indigenous population turning
them from victims of deforestation
to drivers of reforestation

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• Decarbonization axis 1: Development of a mobility system based on safe, efficient and renewable public
transport and active mobility schemes
• Decarbonization axis 2: Transformation of the light-duty vehicles fleet to zero-emissions, boosted by
renewable energy, not by fossil origin
• Decarbonization axis 3: Promotion of a freight transport that adopts modalities, technologies and energy
sources until achieving zero or the lowest emissions possible
• Decarbonization axis 4: Consolidation of the national electricity system with capacity, flexibility,
intelligence and resilience, necessary to supply and manage renewable energy at a competitive cost
• Decarbonization axis 5: Development of buildings of different uses (commercial, residential,
institutional) under high efficiency standards and low-emission processes
• Decarbonization axis 6: Transformation of the industrial sector through processes and technologies that
use energy from renewable sources or others, sustainable and efficient, with low- and zero-emissions
• Decarbonization axis 7 Development of an integrated system of maximum efficiency and low
greenhouse gas emissions waste management based on the separation, reuse, revaluation and final
disposal
• Decarbonization axis 8: Promotion of highly efficient agri-food systems that generate low-carbon export
and local consumption goods
• Decarbonization axis 9: Consolidation of a livestock model based on productive efficiency and reduction
of greenhouse gases
• Decarbonization axis 10 The management of the rural, urban and coastal territory will be oriented
towards conservation and sustainable use, growing forestry resources and ecosystem services based on
nature-based solutions
10 axes of the decarbonization plan

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Cross-cutting strategies

23. Discussions