The document provides an overview of key concepts related to hospitals and nursing. It defines a hospital as an institution that provides medical care for sick or injured people. It notes that hospitals have various classifications and departments. The document also outlines the main functions of hospitals, including diagnosing and treating illnesses and injuries. It mentions that hospitals have healthcare teams consisting of different professional roles like nurses. The document concludes by stating it will cover etiquettes for hospitals.

1. to Fundatuental of
Nursing
Introduction 10Nursing
e Virginia 960: was one ofthefirst
modernnurse to defined nulsing.
She i'The c .te[unction of line
01
01 ( 01
lhe
to
(death )
2/12/2021
introduction to Nursing
1. Florence Nightingale defined nearly 150
years ago as
As " the of utilizinqthe environment of the
the patientto assist him lfifiS7éäTery
Nightingale, -I-EQLl.2.É.?)•
2. Nightingale considered
queit
essential for recovery.
Introcluction to Nursing
Professional nursing associations have also
examined nursing and developed their
definitions of it.
In ANA Described
as : and to
the the the
during ANA
•1973
1

2. Introduction to Nursing
In 980.ANA1qbspngedthis definition-nursing to
this:
Nursing is and treatmentOf
tumangesponses to actual or potenti31
ho allh prnbl øm
In recognizeßthe
Definition oi Nurse
• Nurse is a person a whois educatedand
trained to care for the sick or disabled
persons.
A nurse is a person who looksaCter Yick or
iojurec)people iri heypi(al, Clinic or in
conununily.
Introduction to Nursing
Most recent definition ANA 2003:
Nursing is the protection,promotionand
optimization of health and ablities,prevention
of illness and injury.alleviatiQfå)ofsuffering
through diagnosis and treatmentof
humanresponse, and advocacy
of inclividuals,families.communtitie
populations
re-ve,abm 0b i
Nursing is an art
Il is a eractical knowledge to uds_zut sQlLltionfor
various nursin s.
is a-CLua.ßLi-V%d
on human being with
itis an needs. Luu-us
qivinq care to human being based-Qinprucip.alå.
Nurse; have to interactwithsuiLe_rjng
and dz
peoples.
VVÅLQLI.L)C.S$,
sympathy, kindness and love are very
essential 10practicelhis•LL

3. Nursing is science
• Iteels withhunnanneeds and The
is builtupon a sysletnalic, step by
step tnelhod t letu solving called the
process forthe purpose, urse study bjqlpgjgqland
soctal science including pJbt5igs,chegui>!!)',anato.my
and physiology. tnicrobiology,nuWjJi9tn,
tVJeO@al
and
surgical, eye. enl. 'Kin, gynecology,
PSYChology. midwifery etc.
Any Question:
References
• ThresyammaCP (2003) Fundamentalsof
Nursing procedure Manuel for general
nursing and midwifery course 1ST Edition
New Delhi India.
• Jessie D.Britten(1979) Practical Notes on
Nursing Procedures 7thEdition Hor
Google.
COM
reflées

5. FUNDAMENTAL
TO PREVENT
RESTORE ETHICAL ILLNESS
HEALTH
RESPONSIBILITIES
ALLEVIATE
SUFFRIRG
CODE OF FOR NURSES
The nurse's to
The nurse pæ.LQAgsand u.æs the health
s a fet.y
Nurse'S obli ation to provide optimumpatientcare
The nurse rspg,usibiliiy to pyg.5.gyye
irg9srjtyand
so e
The nurse a ic• and
•rne the
PI-.-g.—5-i.9.L)
e.g. develOptiiel_il,
Dtuent
The nurse coilabvcutgs with olhet• professionals
The as rguesgnlgd byassociationfor
tila integrity of the ug.!gysion
Purposes of nursing codes of ethics
Inform.the
the polessiQ.n and laeJa.tben
u.cl.etstand-p1QfessjonaL.n.urs.LQ&C9.nduct.
pp.uiße a 5.1gn-.Q.t..the-p.LQ.fessiQ.n.s
commitment
To the public it serves
• Outline the major ethical consideration ofthe
po.f.essign
• Guide the prqfession in self regq(atipn
• provid e
Professionalcode of ethics
Accordingto
1Assi$ the client.to attain his maximum levelof
health in circumstances of normal
heaft-h, iZ or in the preggsof
dyi tag.
2 Avoid any abuse of the privileged r&jionship,
whichexistswith the client and of the special
access allowed to his person, property,
residenceor vvæQlpce.

6. Itis 01
seeking
the
S the
the •t
of
by
ot by yvhejethe
otUerof a court,
standards care ) ithin
satuauon.
9 Works an open and co —operativemanner
Withclient factorshis
independence and recognizes and respects
the client's Involvernent in the planning and
delive1Y uf e.
tnay their oc
• Gnocognims and respect the cultural and
r.eiißtousbeliernfthe client,
• 7 Recognizes and respects the and
and responds in
u.pjc.ne%-to
his ethnic origin, religious beliefs, personal
attributes,the nature of his health problems or
any other factor.
International Code of Nursing Ethics
The ethics of nursing provides professional
standardsfornursineactivities which protect
the nurse and the patieot.
The internationalcode of ethics are;
1 The fwndamentalresponsibilities of a nurse
are to conserve life and to promot.ehealth
2 A æ mustbe pepared to
to and be to
3

7. 3
the
8 When a
the
until a
to ju st
opus!
and
and all
5 The
conditionsor symptoms to the dOQQ
r g the
in charge nurse.
in
idswetted
7 Then@sefsIØüJdhold
11 is very important for every nurse.
•nwith the
12 is in
rui@s and
13 query-nurse-musthave respect for authority.-
14 is iLIP-QLtÄOt for allnurses to
10 A patier_itsLQZld always be uractfce.
narne.

8. Apply Ethics in NursingPractice
Ethical Responsibilities of Nurse
Nurses and People
Nurses and Practice
Prevgntinw_lllness_
Nurses and Profession
Nurses and Co-Worker.
Alleviating Suffering

9. Bed Sheet:
• Ped sheet should be sufficiently long and
wide in order to tuck in well at head and foot
ends at 3 yard long 48-50 inches long.
3/2/2021
YIbspiLaL03ed.:
o The standardof hospitalbed is usually (61/2
inch long, 3 wide, 26 high, Oft3 inch) (fiftJin
by 3ftby 2ft3inch high). Lends uniformity
facilitatestreatrnent;
easily made and kept
clean; patient away fromground draughts.
Castors orwheels give mobility;a brake
gives security.There are many adjustable
beds nowin use e.g. Hilo beds.
Bedding:
From mattress covered Wilhplastic sheet,
pillow,draw sheet, bed spreads, blankets
and mackintosh.
fry]
Draw Sheet:
o These are used to protect the mattress under
sheet and tokeep the patientdry and
com[01 table. Size 2, 1/2.yat(l long •lnoctor
wide

10. Blanket:
• A large et cloth eiten soil, woolenand
used fea as a bed cover Top sheet
used to cover the patient 10 warrnth
Becl Making:
e Bed making mean to provide a clean and
comfortable
sleeping and resting
environment for {hepatient.
Itis thelechniques oi preparing different
(ypescf bed in making a patientcomfortable
or his/herposition suitable for a particular
condition.
Plan:
e Nursing objectives
Providea clean environment
Promote physical c;onofoÅ
• Pronaoiepsycl comf0it by providing
a neatenvironrnentin which the client can
receive visitors
Rubber sheet:
e Used to protectthe bottomsheet from
soothing due to patient secretions and
preventthe patients from getting bedsore. It
is usually placed over the center ofthe
bottomsheet.
Assessment:
• Assess the physical condition of the clientto
determine the amount of mobility.
e Determine how many types of linen will be
required.
Check physician's order to learn if thereare
medical reasons of the patients remainingin
bed.
Client preparation:
e The clientshould be bathedbeforethe
occupied bed is made.
e All equipmentsat hand priorto beginning.
Explain the proceduretothe patient.
e Provide privacy for the patient.

11. Equiptnents:
Chair 0!'table
Linen hannpec
Ltnen(tnorder of use)
• Mattress
Bottotn
sheet
Topsheet
Rubbersheet
Typesof Bed:
• OccupiedBed
• UnoccupiedBed/ Simple Bed
Cardiac Bed
• FractureBed
• Cradd!eBed
• Postoperative Bed
• Dividedbed orAmputation Bed
• BlanketBed/Rheumatism or Warm Bed
Cont:
• Firstliftthemattresswhile loosen linen or removing
thesheet.The sheet should not be pulled forcefully.
e Soiledlinensare properly disposed off and do not
promotecross contamination.
• The bed linen should be folded from top to bottom or
side to side.
The open side of the pillow should nol face towards
theentrance of the door.
Cont:
Dtaw gheet
Pillowcase and Pillowcover
Blanket
Bed spread
Principal!sof Bed making
The uniformof the nursing staff should not
touchto patients bed.
o Atlequipmentsshould be collected before
starting.
e The patientmust notbe exposed.
e Bed reruainsclean, dry and free from
wrinkles.
Cont:
• The openside of thepillowshould not face
towardst!aeentrance of the door.
• The beds shouldbe one line for belier look.
o Arrange to suppojt patient in comfort.
o Replace furnitureetc. with safety and
convenientlyforthe patientand nurse before
leaving the bed.

12. ot becl (reinoving)
e nhesIS a pcecedtlle to retnove bed linen from
a which has been previousused.
I his ts jequjred either to air the bed or put
the sun or making it ready for future.
Procedure (to Disinfect linen)
e 'Vhena chair or slool has beenprovidedwith
a bed.
e Place the Pillow over the sheet of the chair
The bed sheet should be loosened from
It sicle
Bold bed sheet Iwice,bling lop toboltompick
up the center.
Conl:
Put (lie soiled linen in the laundry.
[Jevebputil on lhe chair 01on the floor.
Equipments:
Laundrybag or hamper
A chairor a stool to place the articles.
Cont:
o The blanketshould be folded in similar way.
Fold the draw sheet and place it over the
chair.
e The mattressshould be turned from topto
bottomor from side to side.
o Soiled linen and rubber sheet be rolled
smoothly.
Washingand sterilizing (Blankets)
Blanketsmustbe washed and sterilized
regularlyaftereach discharge of short stay
patientsand each week for jong stay
patients.

13. (Purposcs:
„„c hosp.taibed tnwhich the patientIS
constantiynang or he/she can not move out • To conserve patient's energy and maintain
ofthebed er the client remains in bed while It
currenthealth status.
made
(Equipment:
Twolarge sheets
Drawsheet
Blanket(optional)
• Mackintosh
rubber sheet
Pillow
cover
Hamperbag
Chair
Cont:
4 ;Place thefresh linen Organizing linen in order
onthepatient'schair In of use saves time and
orderofuse, at the foot energy.
end of bed,
5 Placehamperbag ina Facilitates disposal of
convenjentplace. soiled.
6 Explainprocedure to Minimizes anxiety and
thepatient promotes co-operation.
7 Washhands Prevents transmission of
micro organisams.
• To provideclient corn(ort
• To provide a clean, neat environrnent for the
client.
• To providea srnooth,wrinkle free bed
foundation,thus minimizing sources of skin
irritation.
(Procedures:
Sit Steps
Identify the patient
2 Check from
RN/patienl'schart ror
orders or specific
precautions for
movement and
positioning.
3 Collect equipmentand
Rational
To give care to the right
patient
Ensure patient'ssafely
as well as use of
for
proper
body mechal lics
nurse and patient.
Save tirneand energy.
supplies.
Cont:
8 Draw rootacurtains
around the bed or
close
9 Remove call bell/light
10 Adjust bed in working
positionand lock the
bed.
1
Maintaining privacy, thus
promoting emotional and
physical comfort.
Provideseasy access to
bed and linen.
Minimizes strain on
nurses back. Ensutes;
s ? foty•

14. Cont:
Cont:
bottomsheet
clean
12
i3
Assjswnt the paltenl to
jai Side of (he
"ea. Raise (he Side of
that.Adjust the pdlow
[Dosen atl linen starling
f'o.n head end of Ine
bed the
fan folds soiled linen
near the pallenl
Protectsaccidental (all
Make work easy
Provides maximum
space forclean linen.
Prevents accidental fall.
Provideseasy access.
Reduce transmission of
nucro organisms.
vertically as close to the
patientas possible. Tuck
and miter the corner at
thehead end and tuck in
theworking side.
Place the mackintosh
15
and thedraw sheet
verticallyat the center of
bed
e
Draw sheet
eliminates
irritating
wrinkles
and
folds.
Cont:
'16 Assisl the patient 10
roll over towards you,
adjust (he pillowand
raise theside rail.
17 Move on to the other
Side and lower the
Side tall
[Rejnovethe used
jen and place (hem
the bed and tuck them
firmly.
Cont:
19
20
21
Pull the bottomsheet,
Mackintoshand the
draw sheet firmly.
Miterthe head end
corner of the bottom
sheet and tuck it in.
Tuck mackintosh and
draw sheet firmly.
Illthe hamper bag.
Cont:
22 Change thepillowcase For good looking
, Il to (he
Cont:
; oi (hebed,
, the opetling
doo:/tnattj ('tillanc,e
23 tic to
co:nioriable position.
24 It) For cotil[octable.
25
26
Spread the top sheet
over the patient . A
blanketmay be used if
required.
Tuck the footend of
Provides comfort
For foundation of thebed
According to the
season
top sheet and miter the
corners.
27 Fold 6 inches of the top Make iteasier forthe
sheet to make a cuff patient 10pull the
sli(Jhllyflex the knees. sheet up.

15. colit:
cell tse'f and
iretuyn to a
!confedabie position.
'maceover bed table
andchair in proper
,place, arranging
personnelitems with in
;easyreach on bedside
idoo!y.
iReplace all equipments
Ensures patients safety
and comfort
Pronootessense ofwell
' being and minimizes
on the patient.
Ensures readiness for
next use.

16. Introduction to blospital
Presented By
Objectives
After this lecture students will be able:
D To define hospital
To know Classification of hospital
To know Functions of Hospital
C] To know Department in the hospital
ToknowHealth care team members
O To knowProfessional cares
D Toknow Etiquettes of Hospital
Definitionof hospital
D An institutionthatprovides medical, surgical,
or psychiatric care and treatmentforthe sick
or injured peoples.
D Hospitals are institutionsin which illnesses,
injuries,and disabilities are diagnosed and
treated.
contents
CJ Introduction
C] Definitionof hospital
CJ Classification of hospital
Cl Functions of Hospital
C) Department in the hospital
CJ Health care team members
Professionalcares
C] Etiquettesof Hospital
Introduction
The word hospitai is derived from Latin word
hospeswhichmeans a guest.A patientis
guest in the hospital and patient is very
•important
person in the hospital. Group of
buildings for a common goal meeting health
needs ofthe human. .
&Ih+2ßZ.
Classification of Hospitals
Hospitalsare classified in twoways:
According tothetype of patientor service
afford.
According to the ownership.

17. Cont:
According to the service offered,thereare
tveogroups:
General Hospital
C Special Hospital
Cont:
Specialhospital:
Aspecial hospital limitsits services to a
particularconditionsuch as tuberculosis,
maternity and pediatric hospital, psychiatric
hospital.
11
Cont:
Nonqovernment or privatehospitals:
a) Medical college hospital
b) Mission hospital
c) Private hospital
d) Industrialworkers hospital
Cont:
General Hospital:
Care is given to many kinds ofconditions
such as medical,svrgical, pediatricsand
obstetrics.
Cont:
According to the ownership, hospitals are divided
in to:
D Government or public hospital
CJ Nongovernmentalor Private hospital.
Government or public hospital :
a) Medical college hospital
b) DistrictHospital
c) Cityhead quarters hospital
d) Primaryhealth centers
e) Ruralhospitals
Functions of I-lospital
Diagnoses, investigation and treatment of
the sick or injured.
Medicaland surgical treatrnent
Training of paramedical staff
O Medicaland nursing education
Medicalresearch
CJRehabilitation
CJ Health provision and prevention of diseases

18. Cont:
El Health supenasuen,
inununtzation and
prevention ot disease
CJ Allevating sullenng when cure is notpossible
and helptngthose ternlinal
C) Illness to die peacefully and withdignity
Ennetvnencytreatment.
D Special treatnnent.
tilli
Cont:
C Pharmacy
Maintenance DPT
CI Stores
In patient Dpt
C] Out patient Dpt
Intensive care unit (l.c. U)
Cont:
CJPharmacist: Theyare licensed to dispense
drugs.
CJ Dietitian: Is rnemberof healthteam manages
to provide nutritional needs of the client in
consultation with the physician.
D Nurses: Inhospitalthere is a nursing team for
the care of patients.
Department in the hospital
CJ AdministrationDpt
C) Account Dpt
O. Nursing Dpt
X-ray Dpt
Laboratory Dpt
Dietary (related to food for the patient)
Laundry Dpt
Healthcare team members
Ehysician: Is a personwho has earned a
degreeofdoctorand has passed licensing
examination.
Assistant physician: Arejuniordoctorsand
theywork underthe direction of chief
physicians in the hospital and clinic.
D Therapists: They are licensed to assist in the
examinationand treatments of clients .
Professional
cares
C] Diagnoses
C] Treatment
Social services
Nursing care
D Administration
C] Nursingservices
CJ Medicaland pharma medical staff

19. Etiquettes of Hospital
There are following
To show courtesy o the patientrelativesand
otherhospitalstaff'
Attend the patient relatives pleasantlya
All the relative of the patientshould visit in
visiting hours.
Let your senior pass first
Admission. Discharge procedures
0.
Objectives:
Afterthis lecturestudents will be able :
To know admission procedure
D To know purposes of admission
procedure
C] To know Discharge procedure.
CJ To 1<now
transfer to another hospital
D To know transfer to another ward in
the same hospital
Cont:
Do notremain sitting while talkingtoyour
senior
Received orders politely
C] Obey rules and regulation of the hospital(May
be writtenor verbal)
Respect the traditionof the hospital
Contents:
Objectives
CJ Admission procedure
Purposes of admission
Procedure
D Discharge procedure
Transfer to another hospital
Transferto another ward in the same hospital
Follow-up
Summary
References
Admission procedure:
Admissionof a patient means allowing
a patientto stay in the hospitalfor
investigation and treatment of the
disease he is suffering from.

20. I'lljnoses ot ad noissi
C) the necessary identifying data
Te his social ancl medical history for
observatton,investigation and treatment.
secure safety of the patient and his
To Immediate steps for the patient's
diagnosis and treatment.
C To give proper treatment to the patient.
Cont:
2. Admissionform records:
a. Nameand address of patient
b. Age and date of birth. Religion
c. Sex. Single, Married,Widowor
widower.
d. Admission and registration number.
e. Occupationor school.
f. Nearest relative foe emergency.
Telephonenumber.
g. Consultant name
h. Diagnosis.
l. Dateand titne.
Cont:
8. Patientprovided with identity wrist band
9. Doctorfind out history of the case as soon as
possible.
10.0bservation to be made by nurse:
General reaction of patient. (Anxiety)
Cleanliness ofclothes, skin, hair,mouth
Complaints:Pain, Breathlessness
Last passing of urine,Faces,
Medicines, brought in by patient.
Procedure:
1. Patient is accompaniedto the ward
by a receptionist, with notes and
admission form obtained from a clerk
in out-patients or admission office,
which is a section of the records
department.
Cont:
3. Welcomedby first nurse who sees patient.
4.
5.
6.
Temperature, pulse and respiration taken
and charted.
Written consent form for operation or
treatment signed after explanation given
by the doctor.
Weightmeasured and recorded.
Specimen of urine obtained , tested and
charted.
Discharge process
C)The attending physician must write
some form of discharge for the
patient before he may leave the
hospital.
If a patient leaves the hospital
against medical advice he is made to
release form.

21. Cont:
O Instructionstvgarding furthercare, medication
or treatment encl follow up should be clearly
written and interpreted to patient or his family
O Dressings or appliance should be freshly applied.
C) Patient's personal belongings such as clothing,
money and other valuables which is entrusted to
the hospital during the time of admissionshould
be checkedand returned.
C) Any of the hospital property which was given to
the patient should be checked and received back
before he goes.
Transfer.of patient to another
hospital:
Whenthe patient is transferredto
another hospital, the matter should
be informed to the relatives first.If
the transfer has to be made quicl<ly,
It
must be done beforethe arrival of
relatives, but the proper information
about the address of patient should
be intimatedto their relativesas
early as possible.
Cont:
C]Thepatient should introduced to the
sister in charge and the records and
personalbelongingsare handed over
to her.
Cont:
CJ If he is notable to walk, a wheelchair
stretcher should lyearranged forhim
CJ Nurse should see that he is safely
transferredto the conveyance.
CTThe nurse should see that the chartsare
complete and send to the officerecord
sectionto be filled.
CJ Porter,warclmessenger or receptionist
accompanies patient to hospital door.
Transfer to another ward in the
same hospital:
Cl The doctor who is in-charge of the patient
will writethe transfer order in thecase
sheet.
D The transfer procedure is similar to that of
discharge.
The ward sister should inform the sisterin.
charge of the ward to where the patienthas
to be transferred.
CJ Patient'schart should be completedall
rnedicjnecards should be sent along with
chart.
Follow-up:
CJFollow-upcare of a patient is the
getting a continuity of care when
he/she is discharged.