jasmine flower cultivation propagation

1. Jasmine
Prepared by: Muhammad Faheem

2. Introduction
Scientific name: Jasminum spp.
Local name : Jasmine
Hindi name : Juhi, Chameli, Mogra,
Champa Bela etc.
Family: Oleaceae

3. Origin
 Jasmines are native of tropical and subtropical regions and introduced in the mid
sixteenth century.
 Among the large number of species existing, only three species have attained
importance in commercial cultivation.
 Jasminum sambac is considered as a native of the East Indies.
 The name Jasmine is of Arabic origin and is believed to have been derived from
Yasmin.
 It is reported that the height of its popularity reached its peck two to five hundred
years ago at canton and metropolis of southern China.

4. Major types
Jasminum auriculatum - Mullai
Jasminum grandiflorum - Jathimalli (or)
Pitchi (or) Spanish jasmine
Jasminum sambac - Gundumalli / Malligai
/ Arabian jasmine /Tuscan jasmine
Jasminum pubescens - Kakada

5. Soil and
climate
 Jasmine can be grown on a wide range of soils. Well-
drained, rich loamy soil with a pH ranging from 6.5-7.5 is
ideal for their cultivation.
 Jasmine prefers mild and tropical climate.
 The ideal requirements for successful cultivation of
jasmine are mild winter, warm summer, moderate rainfall
and sunny days.
 Jasmines grow well upto 1200 m. A well-distributed
annual rainfall of 800 to 1000 mm is optimum for growth
and development.

6. Propagation
 Jasmine can be propagated by
 Cuttings
 Layering
 Sucker
 Grafting
 Budding
 Tissue culture

7. Layering
 Layering is done during June-July in North and from June to December in South.
 For preparation of layers, well matured, one-year old shoots are selected and are
buried in the soil 10-15 cm deep after making a shallow, slanting cut in the
portion that is to be buried.
 The root formation occurs in 90-120 days

8. Cutting
 It is the easiest method of propagation of jasmine J.grandiflorum and J.sambac
are best propagated by apical cuttings while J.auriculatum is propagated by semi
hardwood cuttings.
 Normally 22-25 cm long cuttings with 3-4 nodes are planted in rooting media.
 Cuttings taken during April-September has highest percentage of rooting with
maximum rooting in June planted cuttings
 The cuttings are buried more than 5 cm deep in the rooting medium and are
spaced 7cm apart.
 The cuttings are ready for transplanting into the main field after 4 to 5 months of
planting in the rooting media.

9. Season of
Planting
 Once planted, the jasmine remains in the field for 10-15
years.
 The ideal time for planting in North is during July-August
and from the end of January-February, while in South
planting is done any time between July-December.

10. Foliar Nutrition
 Spraying of zinc 0.25% and magnesium 0.5% before flowering increases flower
yield.
 For Fe deficiency, FeSO 4 at 5g/lit. is sprayed at monthly intervals until the
chlorotic symptoms disappear

11. Irrigation
 Adequate moisture in the soil is necessary for proper growth and flowering in
jasmines.
 Plants are irrigated by flooding once a week in the summer months.
 After flowering, no irrigation is normally required till after the next pruning and
manuring.

12. Weeding
 Weed growth within the jasmine crop competes with the main crop for nutrients.
 Therefore it is essential to remove the weeds at the appropriate time. After
pruning, the soil 15-30 cm from the main stem around the bushes is stirred to a
depth of 15 cm.
 This should be repeated every two to three months. Though manual weed
control is effective, but it is very expensive.
 Mulching also reduces the weed population considerably.
 Chemical weed control is comparatively economical, convenient and efficient in
eradicating weeds with one or two applications.

13. Pruning
 Pruning is an important activity as it influences growth, flower-bud initiation,
differentiation and, ultimately, the flower production in Jasmine.
 Usually, irrigation is stopped before pruning and plants are pruned to half their
original length.
 All the leaves are stripped off after pruning.
 All the cut ends are smeared with Bordeaux paste to prevent entry of pathogens.
 Pruning is done at 45cm from the ground level.
 Pruning done during mid of December to mid January results in maximum
number of branches and higher yield of flowers

14. Pests
 A number of insect pest attack jasmine crop and cause considerable damage.
Among them the most important ones are the bud worm (Hendecasis
duplifascialis), leaf webber (Nausinoe geometralis) and the blossom midge
(Contarinia maculipennis) and recently the mite (Tetranychus urticae) attack due
to prevailing drought and hot weather. Among the different insect pests
recorded, bud worm is known to pose a serious threat to flower production.

15. Diseases
 Root rot management - Drench the soil around the plant with Copper
oxychloride at 2.5 g/lit. Soil drenching with Trifloxystrobin + Tebuconazole @ 0.75
g/litre or Difenoconazole @ 0.5g/l.
 Alternaria leaf spot management - Foliar application of Mancozeb @ 2.5 g/l or
Azoxystrobin @ 1g/l Soil application of Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 25 g/m2 and
foliar application of P. fluorescens @ 5 g/l at monthly intervals after planting.

16. Harvesting
 Jasmine gives economic yield only from the third year and up to 12 - 15 years and
then the yield starts declining.
 The stage of harvest depends on the purpose of flowers to be harvested.
 For fresh flowers, fully developed unopened flower buds are picked in the early
morning, while for extraction of concrete only fully opened fresh picked flowers
are required.
 Picking of flowers after 11 a.m. will considerably reduce the yield and quality of
the concrete.
 Damage to flowers during harvest and transit will affect shelf life of fresh flowers
and concrete recovery.