4 organic solar ell materials DPPDTT, PCBM, F8BT, C60

1. NAME: MUHAMMAD ALEEM
ROLL NO: M.PHILSSPR26S18

4. DPP-DTT
A STABLE SOLUTION-PROCESSED POLYMER SEMICONDUCTOR WITH RECORD
HIGH-MOBILITY FOR PRINTED TRANSISTOR.
CHEMICAL NAME: POLY[[2,3,5,6-TETRAHYDRO-2,5-BIS(2-OCTYLDODECYL)-
3,6DIOXOPYRROLO[3,4-C]PYRROLE-1,4-DIYL]-2,5-
THIOPHENEDIYLTHIENO[3,2B]THIOPHENE-2,5-DIYL-2,5-THIOPHENEDIYL]

5. TECHNIQUES USED FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF THE ACTIVE
LAYER IN ORGANIC SOLAR CELLS.
Technique Information
X-ray
SAXS/WAXS Internal structure, domain sizes
GIXS Internal structure, domain sizes
GIXRD
Polymer chain orientation, crystallinity,
crystallite size
STXM Phase separation, chemical composition
NEXAFS
Intermolecular interaction, interfaces, chemical
composition
Electron microscopy
SEM Film morphology, phase separation
TEM Domain sizes, nanoscale morphology
Electron holography morphology, phase segregation
Neutron
SANS
Domain sizes and structure, donor–acceptor
interface
Neutron reflectometry Phase distribution, internal structure
Scanning probe microscopy
AFM Surface topography
pcAFM Topography, local photocurrent
EFM Topography, local charge generation
KPFM Topography, local work function
[1]

7. PCBMPCBM IS A FULLERENE DERIVATIVE OF THE C60 BUCKYBALL , IT IS AN ELECTRON ACCEPTOR MATERIAL THIS ALLOWS FOR SOLUTION
PROCESSABLE DONOR/ACCEPTOR MIXES, A NECESSARY PROPERTY FOR "PRINTABLE" SOLAR CELLS. HOWEVER, CONSIDERING THE
COST OF FABRICATING FULLERENES, IT IS NOT CERTAIN THAT THIS DERIVATIVE CAN BE SYNTHESIZED ON A LARGE SCALE FOR
COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS.
CHEMICAL NAME:PCBM IS THE COMMON ABBREVIATION FOR THE FULLERENE
DERIVATIVE [6,6]-PHENYL-C61-BUTYRIC ACID METHYL ESTER.

8. MATERIALS: P3HT:PCBM (LUMTEC) NPS (1:1 BLEND), PEDOT:PSS, SILICON NITRIDE (SI3N4)
DETERMINING THE STRUCTURAL MOTIF OF P3HT:PCBM
NANOPARTICULATE ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES
• RESULTS: We have fabricated NPOPV devices from
P3HT:PCBM NPs that exhibit device efficiencies of
approximately 1.3% and a peak EQE of approximately
35%. Using STXM and spectroscopic techniques we
have shown that the active layer retains a highly
structured NP morphology and comprises core–shell
NPs consisting of a relatively pure PCBM core and a
blended P3HT:PCBM shell. Annealing these NPOPV
devices produces extensive phase segregation and a
corresponding decrease in device performance.
TECHNIQUE: MINIEMULSION [2], TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (TEM), ECLIPSE FLUORESCENCE
SPECTROPHOTOMETER. ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPE (AFM)
[3]

9. SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
MATERIALS: 5-BROMOTHIOPHENE-2-CARBOXALDEHYDE AND 2-THIOPHENEACETONITRILE, SODIUM TERT-BUTOXIDE
AND TETRAKIS (TRIPHENYLPHOSPHINE)PALLADIUM (0) (PD(PPH3)4), 9,9-DIOCTYL-FLUORENE-2,7-BIS(TRIMETHYLENEBORONATE),
ETHYL ACETATE (DMF)(THF)METHANOL (PEDOT:PSS)INDIUM TIN OXIDE (ITO)
• RESULTS: we have synthesized a novel ambipolar
polymer, FLC8, and investigated ternary cascade BHJ
organic solar cells using this polymer as donor and
acceptor material with PCBM and P3HT, respectively.
The performances of the solar cells were improved in
terms of Jsc, FF, PCE, and Rsh with this type of cascade
structure. The maximum PCE of this type of solar cell is
2.93%, which is 30% greater than the reference cell
without FLC8. We believe that effective charge
separation as well as fast charge transfer is responsible
for this improvement. It is hoped that our study, by
synthesizing a novel polymer with ambipolarity to form
a cascade structure, paves the way to improving the
performance of BHJ organic solar cells. Moreover, we
believe that it is possible to improve the efficiency of
other BHJ solar cell systems with the described
polymer.
TECHNIQUE: SPIN-COATING THERMAL EVAPORATIONUV–VIS SPECTROSCOPYATOMIC FORCE
MICROSCOPE
[4]

11. • TECHNIQUE: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
• Materials: Indium Tin Oxide (ITO), Acetone, Isopropanol, deionized water,
PEDOT:PSS, /ITO/PEDOT:PSS/[P3HT:PCBM]/Al
• RESULTS: a control reference NR
experiment was performed: an ITO film
on top of glass was measured at room
temperature (300 K), which allowed us
to determine with precision the
thickness of ITO (135 nm with
roughness ∼3 nm) and to confirm the
good in-plane homogeneityof the film
(almost total absence of off-specular
reflection)
NEUTRON REFLECTOMETRY AND HARD X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY
STUDY OF THE VERTICAL SEGREGATION OF PCBM IN ORGANIC SOLAR CELLS
[9]
AntonioUrbinaaJoséAbadaAntonio J.Fernández RomeroaJesús S.LacasabJaimeColcherobJuan
F.González-MartínezcJuanRubio-ZuazodeGermán R.CastrodePhilippGutfreundf Solar Energy
Materials and Solar Cells
Volume 191, March 2019, Pages 62-70

12. • TECHNIQUE: Spin-coating
• Materials:PCDTBT, PCBM, HPN-68L, calcium salt, hexahydrophthalic acid, Sodium benzoate (Be-
Na), 1,2-dichlorobenzene (ODCB), (HHPA-Na) , 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic anhydride, NaOH,
• RESULTS: The addition of carboxylic acid sodium
salts into PCDTBT-PCBM blend can effectively optimize the
morphology of active layer, decrease the phase domain
size, increase the optical absorption intensity, improve
the hole mobility, balance the hole and electron mobility,
and finally increase the PCE of PSC. When the additive
content fixes as 5%, the modulation ability of the
bicyclic dicarboxylic acid sodium salt HPN-68L is best,
monocyclic dicarboxylic acid sodium salt HHPA-Na comes
second, monocyclic carboxylic acid sodium Be-Na is worst.
The addition of carboxylic acid calcium salt HPN-20E can
not modulate the blend morphology and increase the
optical absorption intensity of the PCDTBT-PCBM blend,
and the photoelectric propertiesof PCDTBT-PCBM-HPN-20E
ternary device decreases in comparison with those of
pristine PCDTBT-PCBM binary device
OPTIMIZING NANOSCALE MORPHOLOGY AND IMPROVING CARRIER TRANSPORT OF
PCDTBT-PCBM BULK HETEROJUNCTION BY CYCLIC CARBOXYLATE NUCLEATING AGENTS
[6]

14. F8BT
HOMO / LUMO: HOMO = -5.9 EV, LUMO = -3.3 ...
FULL NAME: POLY(9,9-DIOCTYLFLUORENE-ALT-BENZOT...
CHEMICAL FORMULA: (C35H42N2S)N

15. • TECHNIQUE: TFE membrane syringe filter, emission spectroscopy, Atomic force
microscope (AFM) measurements
• Materials: 3-[10-(2-carboxyethyl)anthracen-9-yl]propanoic acid, ADPA, DMA, furfuryl alcohol, platinum
octaethylporphyrin, poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole) (F8BT), methylene blue, rose Bengal, rhodamine
B, acetonitrile (MeCN, HPLC grade, Sintorgan), deuterium oxide, PtOEP, MB and RB, Tetrahydrofuran (THF, HPLC grade,
Cicarelli), potassium hydroxide
• RESULT: lifetime stage corresponds to the
overlap between the pump and injection laser
pulses. In contrast, the longer-lifetime stage
involves amplification due to stimulated emission
through interaction between the injection pulses
and the decaying excitons. Controllable
performance of the injection laser beam enabled
high quality output of the femtosecond amplifier.
In particular, we stress a more notable advantage
for the slant-grating scheme that a large angle-
resolved tuning range allows simultaneous
amplification of multiple injections with
controllable dependence.
AMPLIFIED SINGLET OXYGEN GENERATION IN METALLATED-
PORPHYRIN DOPED CONJUGATED POLYMER NANOPARTICLES
[7]

17. 𝑪 𝟔𝟎
BUCKMINSTERFULLERENE IS A TYPE OF FULLERENE WITH THE FORMULA C60. IT HAS A CAGE-LIKE FUSED-RING
STRUCTURE (TRUNCATED ICOSAHEDRON) THAT RESEMBLES A SOCCER BALL (FOOTBALL), MADE OF TWENTY
HEXAGONS AND TWELVE PENTAGONS, WITH A CARBON ATOM AT EACH VERTEX OF EACH POLYGON AND A
BOND ALONG EACH POLYGON EDGE.
Crystal structure: Face-centered cubic, Space group: Fm3m, No. 225
CAS Number: 99685-96-8 Density: 1.65 g/cm3

18. Donor Acceptor FF (%) η (%) Note
PCBM 66 2.15
Hydrophilization of hole transport layer and
the use of a PCBM electron-transporting
buffer layer
PC70BM 43 2 Annealing done at 130 °C for 10 min
25–28 2a Comparative study of blend and pure NPs
28 0.4 Multilayered structure
57 2.5
Increased efficiency after annealing driven by
enhanced miscibility of ICBA in P3HT
56 3.9
Fabricated from alcohol dispersion with a
surfactant-free method
PCBM 30 0.11
Tandem solar cell fabricated by roll-to-roll
slot-die coating
PCBM
P1
27.5
P1
0.07
Processed using roll-to-roll slot-die and screen
printing method
PDPP-TNT
P3HT
PFB F8BT
F8BT
PFB
P3HT
P3HT
ICBA
ICBA
TQ1
P1
Summary of organic solar cells fabricated from aqueous dispersions. [1]

19. REFERENCES:
Advances in Colloid and Interface Science
Volume 235, September 2016, Pages 56-69
Bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaics from water-processable
nanomaterials and their facile fabrication approaches
K. Landfester, R. Montenegro, U. Scherf, R. Güntner, U. Asawapirom, S. Patil, D. Neher, T.
KietzkeSemiconducting polymer nanospheres in aqueous dispersion prepared by a miniemulsion
process
Advanced Materials, 14 (2002), pp. 651-655
Determining the structural motif of P3HT:PCBM nanoparticulate organic photovoltaic
devices
Author links open overlay
panelSyahrulUlumaNatalieHolmesaDarmawatiDarwisaKerryBurkeaA.L.David
KilcoynebXiaojingZhouaWarwickBelcheraPaulDastoora
Improving the efficiency of organic solar cell with a novel ambipolar polymer to form
ternary cascade structure
Author links open overlay panelM.C.ChenD.J.LiawY.C.HuangH.Y.WuY.Tai
[6]
[7]
[8]
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[10]
AntonioUrbinaaJoséAbadaAntonio J.Fernández RomeroaJesús S.LacasabJaimeColcherobJuan
F.González-MartínezcJuanRubio-ZuazodeGermán R.CastrodePhilippGutfreundf Solar Energy
Materials and Solar Cells
Volume 191, March 2019, Pages 62-70
Organic Electronics Volume 65 MengWangXinpingZhang, February 2019, Pages 222-23
Ramiro M.Spadaab1Lorena P.Macorab1Laura I.Hernándezab1Rodrigo A.PonzioabcLuis
E.IbarradCarolinaLorenteeCarlos A.ChestaabRodrigo E.Palacios Ramiro
M.Spadaab1Lorena P.Macorab1Laura I.Hernándezab1Rodrigo A.PonzioabcLuis
E.IbarradCarolinaLorenteeCarlos A.ChestaabRodrigo E.Palacios