This document discusses genetically modified organisms (GMOs). It provides examples of GMOs including Arctic apples modified not to brown, tomatoes engineered for longer shelf life, virus-resistant papaya, and herbicide-tolerant corn. The document also discusses genetically modified animals like cloned sheep named Dolly, "Enviro-pig" modified to produce less phosphorus manure, and dairy products from animals fed GMO feed being equally safe. Potential benefits include reduced pesticide use and more nutritious crops, while impacts on health require further research.

1. ASSIGNMENT NO#4
 TITLE: GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISM
 SUBMITTED BY
MUHAMMAAD AKRAM
SUBMITTED TO
PROF DR MUBIN MUSTAFA KIYANI

2. GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISM
SUBTITLES
 DEFINITION
 TECHNIQUES
 BENEFITS
 DISADVANTAGES
 IMPACTS

4. GENETIC ENGINEERING
 Genetic engineering (also called
genetic modification) is a process that
uses laboratory-based technologies to
alter the DNA makeup of an organism.
This may involve changing a single
base pair (A-T or C-G), deleting a
region of DNA or adding a new
segment of DNA.

6. ARCTIC APPLES
 Apples have been genetically
modified to prevent them
from browning after they are
cut or bruised, making them
more visually appealing to
consumers and reducing food
waste.

7. TOMATO
 Transgenic tomato, is a tomato that has
had its genes modified, using genetic
engineering.
 The first trial genetically modified food was
a tomato engineered to have a longer shelf
life .
 Health benefits or be more nutritious.

8. COTTON
 Genetically modified cotton
plants are automatically resistant
against certain diseases and
insects, so that farmers need less
fertilizers and pesticides. This is
beneficial to their wallets, but
also to the environment.

9. PAPAYA
 Papaya plants have been
genetically modified to resist
the papaya ringspot virus, which
had devastated papaya crops in
Hawaii in the 1990s.

10. CORN
 Genetically modified maize
(corn) is a genetically modified
crop. Specific maize strains have
been genetically engineered to
express agriculturally-desirable
traits, including resistance to
pests and to herbicides. Maize
strains with both traits are now in
use in multiple countries

11. GLO FISH
GloFish patented and trad
emark brand
of fluorecensely
colour genetically
modified fish.
They have been created
from several different
species of fish.

12. DAIRY PRODUCTS
 DNA from GMO animal food
does not make it into the meat,
eggs, or milk from the animal.
Research shows that foods
like eggs, dairy products,
and meat that come from
animals that eat GMO food are
equal in nutritional value, safety,
and quality to foods made from
animals

13. SHEEP
 In history for the very first time sheep has
been selected for the biotechnological
experiment
 Clone sheep has been developed in the lab
 Clone has been named as DOLLY

14. TEST TUBE BABIES
 Babies of desired trait has been developed
in the labs.
 Parents have facility to check the babies
body temperature and fluid and
monitoring.

15. ENVIROPIG
 Enviro-pig, also known as
Franken-swine, is a type of pig
which was genetically modified.
 The enviro-pig won't need to be
fed with phosphorus, so their
manure has quite low level of it,
thus they won't do harm to the
marine animals.

16. IMPACT ON HEALTH
 Most of the GMO crops grown today
were developed to help farmers
prevent crop loss. The three most
common traits found in GMO crops
are
 Resistance to insect damage
 Tolerance to herbicides
 Resistance to plant viruses
 For GMO crops that are resistant to
insect damage, farmers can apply
fewer spray