2. It is the study of very low temperature. In
cryogenic system, temperature is very low as
-150 C to -273 C.
The word “Cryogenics” originates from Greek
word “kryo” which means cold.
It is the production and behavior of material at
very low temperature.
In 1898, DeWar liquefied hydrogen at 20K & HK
Onnes liquefied Helium at 4.2K in 1908.
3. Swiss watchmakers bury gears and watch parts in
mountain caves under snow.
In 1930’s ,tool die makers started freezing the
cutting tools to retain their sharpness for long
time.
Hugo Junker Aircraft Company start making aircraft
engine tools cryogenically.
In 1960, NASA engineers emphasizes cryogenic
spacecraft engineering.
In 1966, ED Busch established cryotech in the USA.
4. The extremely low temperature is produced by using
substances called “cryogens.”
1) Liquid Nitrogen
2) Liquid Helium
3) Liquid Hydrogen
4) Fluorine
Cryogens stored in a vessel called as DeWar flask
which provides good insulation.
5. Cryogenic treatment of metals.
Cryogenic food freezing
Cryomedicnes
Biological sample storage
Power generation terminal LNG
Spacecraft and rocket industry
Superconducting materials
Cryonics preserved
6. Just apply cryogenic temperature to skin to
produce defense and remove abnormal tissue is
called cryotherapy.
Cryosurgery is branch of cryotherapy but in
cryosurgery we treat deep inside the skin.
CRYOTHERAPY
CRYOMEDICNE
CRYOSURGERY
7. Dr. Ian Cooper discover cryoneurosurgical
treatment for Parkinson's disease.
Small cryogenic needle is inserted inside the brain.
Tip of needle is right there which controls
Parkinson's disease.
A portion of brain is frozen by tip of needle.
Basal Ganglia
8. i
Material is slowly cooled from room temperature
to -196 C.
Material is soaked at this temperature for 8 hours
to 30 hours.
I. Ramp down
II. Soaking
III. Ramp up
9. 4% to 14% hardness increases.
16% to 23% wear resistance increases.
High hardness with reduced toughness.
Improve the dimensional stability.
Durability increases 126%.
10. It use the liquid nitrogen to freeze food products while
preserving, freshness and quality of food.
It usually undergoes change of state. The cryogenic
temperature for this is -80 C.
Excess amount of ice and temperature 0 C to 5 C cause
the physical and chemical damage of food.
11. Natural gas can be convert into LNG by cooling it down to
-162 C.
It is colorless, odorless and non toxic, non corrosive
Its density is also very low i.e. 0.4 – 0.5 kg/L.
13. Someone who want to preserve the dead body will
be cryonically treated.
First body will put in a machine similar to heart
lung bypass, it will maintain oxygenation & safe it
from tissue damaging.
Body will slowly cool to -320 F in liquid nitrogen
Chamber. Dead body will be forever. Cryonicists
Kowalski is hopeful for its bright future.
15. Cryogenic will also be helpful for data coding of
DNA & RNA.
Cryogenics also play role in spaceships and rockets.
Superconductors will change the entire world.
There will be zero wastage of food.
Untreatable diseases will be treated without loss
of blood.