2. Exposure
The amount of light reaching your camera's sensor is known as
the exposure; this is controlled by two items on a camera -
the aperture and shutter speed.
The aperture is a variable opening in front of the lens that
adjusts to let more or less light through and the shutter speed
is a cover over the sensor that controls the length of time that
the light reaches it.
4. Shutter Speed
By adjusting the shutter speed you can control the movement
of your subject moving through your frame.
A fast shutter speed will freeze the subject and a slow shutter
speed will make it look blurred as the subject moves.
If you want to freeze your object and have it look sharp, you
will need to assess its speed. The faster your object moves,
the faster you need to set your shutter speed. If your object is
moving toward/away from you, its speed has less effect then
if it is moving from side to side.
5. Aperture
Aperture refers to the opening inside a camera lens that
controls the amount of light that falls onto the image sensor.
A large(wide) aperture allows more light(narrow) in and a
small aperture allows less.
A narrow aperture will have the foreground in focus and the
background blurred while the wide aperture will have more of
the background in focus. This is known as depth of field.
6. White Balance
White balance is the process of removing unrealistic colour
casts, so that objects which appear white in person are
rendered white in your photo.
Proper camera white balance has to take into account the
"colour temperature" of a light source, which refers to the
relative warmth or coolness of white light.
7. ISO
ISO affects the shutter speed/aperture combinations you can
use to obtain correct exposure
ISO measures the sensitivity of the image sensor
Higher ISO settings are generally used in darker situations to
get faster shutter speeds (for example an indoor sports event
when you want to freeze the action in lower light)
If there is not enough light you can increase the ISO setting
this can be done automatically or manually
