The document discusses the relationship between two letters in Arabic and divides these relationships into four categories: 1) Mutamathilan - Letters that are identical. They merge together with a rule called Idgham Mutamathilin. 2) Mutajanisan - Letters that are similar in articulation point but differ in characteristics. They merge together with a rule called Idgham Mutajanisin. 3) Mutaqariban - Letters that are close in articulation point and characteristics. They merge together with a rule called Idgham Mutaqaribin. 4) Mutabaa'idan - Letters that are distant in articulation point and characteristics.

1. The meeting of two
letters
(The relationship between two Letters)

2. • The study of the relationships between letters is
important to learn which letters can merge with
others and under which circumstances.
• The relationship between two meeting letters is
divided into four divisions:

3. 1-Mutamathilan: The Two Like
Each Other (‫المتماثالن‬)
• It means likeness
• They are the two letters that are the same in
characteristic and in articulation point.. This
means they are the exact same letters next to
each other.
• The Rule: Idgham Mutamathilin.

4. -When the first letter is saakin, and the second
letter is voweled, whether they are in one word
or in two words.
- We merje the first letter into the second one .
• Examples:
‫ا‬َ‫ت‬ِّ‫ـك‬ِّ‫ب‬ ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬‫ا‬‫يب‬ - ‫با‬ِّ‫اض‬َ‫غ‬ُ‫م‬ َ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬َّ‫ذ‬ ‫ذ‬ِّ‫إ‬ - ‫ـد‬َ‫ق‬َ‫و‬َّ‫د‬ْ‫ا‬‫و‬ُ‫ل‬َ‫خ‬-ِّ‫ت‬ ‫ت‬َِّ‫ِب‬َ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬َ‫ف‬ُُُْ‫ه‬َ‫ار‬َ‫ـا‬

5. There are two exceptions to this
rule
1- when two ”Waaw” and two ”Yaa’” are next
to each other in writing, but one of the
two ”Waaw” ‫و‬ and one of the two ”Yaa’”
‫ي‬ are a medd letter such as in:
• ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬‫ي‬ُ‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ف‬‫وس‬ - ‫ي‬‫ن‬‫آم‬‫وا‬‫ي‬‫و‬‫ي‬ِ‫ات‬ِ‫اِل‬َّ‫وايالص‬‫ل‬ِ‫م‬‫ع‬

6. 2-When the first letter is ‫سكت‬ ‫هاء‬ , and this only
occurs once between verses 28, and 29 in surah
Al-Haaqqah
ْ‫ه‬َ‫ي‬ِّ‫ان‬َ‫ط‬ْ‫ل‬ُ‫س‬ ِّ‫ِن‬َ‫ع‬ ‫ي‬ْ‫ه‬‫ي‬ِ‫ال‬‫م‬*‫ي‬‫ك‬‫ل‬‫ه‬
The first: Making the ‫هاء‬ clear with a light stop
with no breath during the stop (this is called
a Sakt ‫سكت‬ ).
The second: merging the ‫سكت‬ ‫هاء‬ with the ‫هاء‬ that
follows it.

7. 2- Al-Mutajanisan: The two of
similar nature (‫المتجانسان‬)
• It means similarity
• They are the two letters that have the same
articulation point, but differ in characteristics.
• This occurs when the first of the two letters is
saakin, and the second voweled.
• The Rule: Idgham Mutajanisin.

8. The following letters merge into the
letters below them:
• ‫دي‬–‫تي‬–‫ط‬
• ‫ذي‬–‫ثي‬–‫ظ‬
• ‫بي‬-‫م‬

9. - We merje the first letter into the
second one .
• Examples:
• ‫ي‬‫ف‬ِ‫ـآئ‬َّ‫ط‬‫َّتي‬‫د‬‫و‬‫ةي‬-‫ي‬ّ‫ايالل‬‫و‬‫َّع‬‫تيد‬‫ل‬‫ق‬ْ‫ـ‬‫ث‬‫ايأ‬َّ‫م‬‫ل‬‫ـ‬‫ف‬ - ‫د‬‫ق‬‫ي‬َّ‫ّي‬‫ـب‬َّ‫ت‬-‫ي‬‫م‬‫ل‬َّ‫ظ‬‫ذي‬ِ‫إ‬‫ي‬ْ‫ا‬‫و‬ -
‫ي‬‫ك‬ِ‫ل‬َّ‫ثيذ‬‫ْه‬‫ل‬‫ـ‬ُ - ‫ي‬‫ك‬ْ‫ار‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ع‬َّ‫بيم‬

10. Note:
• If Letter ”‫ت‬“ preceded by letter ”‫ط‬“ that has
Sukoon, in this case we will pronounce Letter
”‫ط‬” without Qalqalah and then pronounce
Ietter ”‫ت‬” without Shaddah.
• ‫ي‬‫طت‬‫س‬‫ب‬ - -‫ي‬ْ‫م‬‫طت‬َّ‫ر‬‫ـ‬‫ف‬ ‫ي‬‫طت‬َّ‫ر‬ّ‫ـ‬‫ف‬- ‫ي‬‫طت‬‫ح‬‫أ‬
• The Rule: Idgham Naqis.

11. 3- Al-Mutaqariban: The two
close (‫المتقاربان‬)
• It means closeness.
• They are the two letters that near in the
articulation point and in the characteristics.
• This occurs when the first of the two letters is
saakin, and the second voweled (Mutaharik).
• The Rule: Idgham Mutaqaribin.

12. The following letters merge into the
letters beside them:
• ‫ق‬ ‫ك‬
• ‫ل‬ ‫ر‬
• - We merje the first letter into the second one .
• Examples:
• َ‫أ‬َْ‫ل‬َْ‫خ‬ُ‫ل‬‫قك‬ُ (The only word in Quran with Qiraet Imam
Hafs)
• ُ‫ق‬َّ‫ر‬ ‫ل‬‫ب‬ - ُ‫ه‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ـ‬‫ف‬َّ‫ر‬ ‫ـل‬َ‫ب‬

13. Note:
• There is exeption in this rule in ‫ان‬َ‫ر‬ ْ‫ل‬َ‫ب‬ (Surat Al-
Mutaffifin Ayah 14) there is no Idgham
becouse there’s Sakt in Laam, we pronounce
the ‫الم‬ clear with a light stop with no breath
during the stop (this is called a Sakt ‫سكت‬ ) .

15. 4- Al-Mutabaa’idan: The Two
Far ( (‫المتباعدان‬
• It means distant.
• They are the two letters that have distant
articulation point and different characteristics.
• This occurs when the first of the two letters is
saakin, and the second voweled (Mutaharik).
• The Rule: Idhar.

16. Examples:
‫ي‬‫ون‬‫ل‬‫م‬ْ‫ُت‬ - ‫ي‬‫ث‬ْ‫ي‬‫ح‬ - ‫وا‬‫ل‬ِ‫م‬ْ‫ك‬‫ت‬ِ‫ل‬‫و‬

17. With my best wishes
Teacher Moshira