This document summarizes the rules for distinguishing between heavy and light letters in Arabic. It discusses the characteristics of heavy letters, which involve raising the back of the tongue, and light letters, which involve lowering the tongue. It also describes some letters that can be either heavy or light depending on context, such as alif madd and the letter ra. For alif madd, its heaviness depends on the preceding letter. For ra, certain spellings and word positions cause it to be heavy while others make it light. Memorizing these rules is important for properly reciting and understanding Arabic texts.
ENGLISH 7_Q4_LESSON 2_ Employing a Variety of Strategies for Effective Interp...
Heavy and light letters
1. The Heavy and light Letters
والرتقيق التفخيم حروف
2. Heavy letters
• They are collected in the phrase :
ْظِق ٍطْغَض َّصُخ
• It is a fat letter.
• A part of the tongue (mostly the back
part) rises up to the roof .
• EX:
ينِدِالَخلا–نيِالَّالض–ورُفَغال–ةَّامَّطال–الَق–اًريِهَظ–
اطَرِص–نيِط–يمِقَستُم–ةَناَيِخ–ًارَرِضا
3. Light Letters
• All the letters other than the heavy
letters ( (ْظِق ٍطْغَض َّصُخ and the temporary
heavy and light letters which are (Alif
Madd – Laam of Exalted name of Allah
– Letter Raa’)
• Lowering the tongue .
• EX:
ارََّهالن–اءَمَّالس–ابَتِْكلا–َّارنال–نيِاطَيَش–َْلاَّةن-رْصَْعلا
4. Temporary heavy and light
Letters
1- Alif Madd
• Alif Madd being heavy or light depends on
the letter preceding Alif Madd:
- If the letter before Alif Madd was light, so
Alif Madd should accordingly take a light
sound.
- ارََّهالن–َّارنال–اءَمَّالس–نيِمَلاَْعلا
- And if the letter before Alif Madd was heavy,
so Alif Madd should accordingly take a
heavy sound.
الَق–اًدِالَخ–ينِرِباَص–ًًلِافَغ-افَطُي
5. Temporary heavy and light
Letters
2- The Laam of The Exalted Name of Allah
- If there is a Fatha or a Dhamma before the
word of Allah or Allahum, So the laam in
Allah or Allahum will be heavy.
ْبَعُدهللا–اَقَلمُهَّلال-َتهلل
- If there is a kasrah before the word Allah, So
the Laam in Allah or Allahum will be light.
ْسِبِمهللا–ِبهلل–ُقِلمُهَّلال
- If the reader starts reading with the name of
Allah, then Laam in Allah or Allahom will be
heavy.
9. Heavy or Light Raa’
• رْصِم Surat Yūsuf:21,99 - Surat Az-Zukhruf:51 - Surat Yūnus:87
when stopping on the Raa’ heavy or light is
right
• رْطِقْلا Surat Saba’:12
when stopping on the Raa’ heavy or light is
right
• ٍقْرِف Surat Ash-Shūraá: 63
when continuing the reading heavy or light
is right.