2. Introduction
A PEN IS A COMMON WRITING INSTRUMENT THAT APPLIES INK TO
A SURFACE, USUALLY PAPER, FOR WRITING OR DRAWING.
IT IS WIDELY USED IN WORLD AND IN OUR DAILY LIFE.
3. Historical Facts
Ancient Egyptians had developed writing on papyrus scrolls when scribes used thin reed brushes
or reed pens from the Juncus maritimus or sea rush.
In his book A History of Writing, Steven Roger Fischer suggests, on the basis of finds at Saqqara,
that the reed pen might well have been used for writing on parchment as long ago as the First
Dynasty, or around 3000 BC. Reed pens continued to be used until the Middle Ages, but were
slowly replaced by quills from about the 7th century.
A copper nib was found in the ruins of Pompeii, showing that metal nibs were used in the year
79.[19] There is also a reference to 'a silver pen to carry ink in', in Samuel Pepys' diary for August
1663.
4. Continue
The earliest historical record of a pen with a reservoir dates back to the 10th century AD. In 953, Ma'ād al-Mu'izz,
the Fatimid Caliph of Egypt, demanded a pen which would not stain his hands or clothes, and was provided with a
pen which held ink in a reservoir and delivered it to the nib.
A student in Paris, Romanian Petrache Poenaru invented a fountain pen that used a quill as an ink reservoir. The
French Government patented this in May 1827.[25] Fountain pen patents and production then increased in the
1850s.
The first patent on a ballpoint pen was issued on October 30, 1888, to John J Loud.[26] In 1938, László Bíró, a
Hungarian newspaper editor, with the help of his brother George, a chemist, began to design new types of pens,
including one with a tiny ball in its tip that was free to turn in a socket.
Rollerball pens were introduced in the early 1970s.
