Analog-Transmission

1. Gigabit Passive Optical Network
(GPON)
Dr. Eng. Mostafa Elgamala
01025191022

2. Topics
 Introduction to Access technologies
 GPON
 FTTH Network Components & Power Budget
 GPON Cabinet Models
 GPON Operation & Configuration

3. Introduction to Access technologies

4. What is Access Network?
 Definition:
 An access network is that part of a telecommunications network which
connects subscribers to their service provider. (last mile solution)
 Needs :
Flexible and strong infrastructure
Essential in smart cities
Page4

5. What is Access Network (AN)? Cont.
 1. Copper line:
 Twisted pair (HDSL/ADSL/VDSL/G.fast), Ethernet LAN, PLC, Coaxial-cable
(CATV).
 2. Fiber
 GPON/EPON (FTTx)
 3. Wireless
• Wi-Fi, Wireless BB (GPRS to 5G), Satellite
Page5

9. ADSL concepts

10. DSL rate restriction factors
1- Distance
2- Bandwidth
3- Noise

12. XDSL Solutions
Page12
• SDSL (1.5 Mbps ,2-3 km)
• ADSL (DL 8 Mbps / UL 640 kbps , 5 Km)
• ADSL2 (DL 12 Mbps / 1.2 Mbps UL, 5 Km)
• ADSL2+ (DL 24 Mbps / 1.5 Mbps UL, 2.5 Km)
• VDSL (DL 52 Mbps / UL 6.4 Mbps , 300m – 1.5 Km)
• VDSL2 (DL 70 Mb/s, 30 Mb/s UL, < 350 m)
• Vectoring (100-120 Mb/s - < 300 m)
• Super Vectoring (300 Mb/s – < 300 m)
• G.Fast (1 Gb/s (DL+UL) - < 100 m)
• NG.Fast (5 Gb/s – 50 m)

13. Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON)

14. Why use fiber optics?
• High bandwidth, High data rates
• Multiple optical channels with wavelength division multiplexing
• Long transmission distances
• Immunity to EMI
• Small size
• Optical fiber is guaranteed for 25 years
• Operating temperatures range from -40 C to 80 C.

15. Optical networks (ITU standards)
Optical networks
P2P
P2MP
Active
Optical
Network
PON
APON (155
M)
BPON (622
M)
GPON
(2.5/1.25 G)
NG-PON
(10G)
TWDM-PON
(40 G)

18. What is GPON?
Page18
 GPON: Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network
 GPON architecture: Passive optical network featuring one-to-multiple-point;
 Optical Line Terminal (OLT), Optical Network Unit (ONU), Optical Distribution
Network (ODN).
Passive Optical
Splitter
Optical Network
Unit
Passive Optical Network
Optical Line
Terminal
Optical
Network Terminal
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
VoIP
Internet
IPTV

19. Why GPON?
Page19
 GPON supports :
 Triple-play service
 HDTV: 10-20M/program; Video Conference: 4.5M ;
 Voice ;
 Data: 10M;
 GPON is the choice of large carriers in the international market.

20. Triple Play Solution in GPON
Page20
BRAS
AAA Server
IP Core
ASP/ISP
CPE
Firewall
Ethernet
OLT
Softswitch
Internet
VoD
Server Middl
e
ware
NMS
TL1/CORBA
/API
BB service platform
Carrier’s OSS
Notification
IPTV
Phone
PC
SFU
Phone
PC
SBU
CPE MDU
NSP
IP
Voice
CBU
E1
FE
ODN
Splitter

23. Terms
• FTTC scenario: MDU: Multi-dwelling unit ; providing a comparatively larger number of
ports, including ADSL2+, VDSL2, and so on.
• FTTB scenario:
• SBU: Single business unit ; providing a small number of ports such as POTS,
10/100/1000BASE-T and T1/E1 ports
• MTU: Business Multi-tenant unit ; providing a larger number of ports, including POTS,
10/100/1000BASE-T and DS1/T1/E1 ports.
• FTTH scenario:
• SFU: Single family unit , providing a comparatively small number of ports, including
the following types: POTS, 10/100/1000BASE-T and RF.

24. FTTH Network Components & Power Budget

25. FTTH Network Components
1- OLT
2- ONT
3- Fiber cable
4- Connectors
5- Splitters

26. OLT & ONT

27. Page27

28. Page28

30. Multimode Fiber
• MM 62.5 not used , 50 micro common , used in ID
• The primary advantages of multimode fiber are:
• Ease of coupling to light sources and to other fiber.
• Lower cost light sources.
• Simplified connectorization and splicing processes.
• The primary disadvantages of multimode fiber are:
• Relatively high attenuation
• Low bandwidth limit the transmission of light to short distances (<2 km)
• Limited bandwidth (10 Gb/s over short distances)

32. Single mode Fiber
• 9 micro core , used in ID & OD
• The small core size of single mode fiber generally requires more
expensive light sources and alignment systems to achieve efficient
coupling.
• Splicing and connectorization is also somewhat complicated.
• With proper dispersion compensating components, a single mode fiber
can carry signal of 10 Gbit /s, 40 Gbit /s and above over long distances.

33. Optical fiber cables
• Outdoor (OD) : core/cladding125 mic m/coating (250 mic m -12 cables with
different colors)/tubes (around 12 cable)/jacket (black contains all tubes) , in the
middle there is strengthen material – if steel the cable called Armored)
• Indoor (ID) : core/cladding/coating/buffer-900 mic m./jacket

41. Splitter (PLC)

42. Splitters

43. Splitters
 g : ‫واحدة‬‫مرحلة‬ ‫طريق‬ ‫عن‬‫بعمله‬‫التخطيط‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫ادا‬ ‫تقوم‬splitter one ‫وتسمي‬splitting centralized
Centralized splitting
Stage 1 - Splitter normally
located at OSP passive cabinet
or joint
Stage 2 – splitter (normally located in FTTH box)
Distributed splitting

44. FTTH
Patch Cord
ODF IN
A
‫دنوب‬
‫مك‬
‫عورش‬
‫م‬
‫ل‬
Fiber
cable
Fiber
cable
‫ال‬‫ر‬‫السنت‬ ‫خارج‬
To
1-
1
OLT
Active
ODF
ODF OUT
ODF IN
ODF OUT
TO SUB CABINET
Patch Cord
Patch Cord
Patch Cord
Patch Cord
ODF IN
splitters
‫ال‬‫ر‬‫السنت‬ ‫داخل‬
ODF OUT
To FTTH BOX
‫و‬ ‫ي‬‫اخر‬‫يع‬‫ر‬‫مشا‬ ‫الي‬MSAN
‫اتاح‬‫فيبر‬‫ودوائر‬‫قمي‬‫ر‬‫ل‬‫وتحو‬
‫ة‬
To other
subcabinets: 1- 2
-
1
,
3
-
1
-
1
‫و‬
4
-
1
-
1
‫كابينه‬‫بوكسيات‬ ‫الي‬
1
-
1
-
1
‫ال‬‫غرفه‬
MMR
‫االجهزه‬‫صاله‬
Main cabinet 1
-
1 subcabinet 1
-
1
-
1
Fiber cable

45. Attenuation and Power Budget
Page45
Table G.984.2 – Classes for optical path loss
Class A Class B Class B＋ Class C+
Minimum loss 5 dB 10 dB 13 dB 15 dB
Maximum loss 20 dB 25 dB 28 dB 30 dB
 Power budget (loss budget): amount of loss that can be tolerate (has min. and max.)
 Many factors may affect, such fiber length, splicing point , fiber bending,..etc

46. Power budget factors
• Splitters
• Fiber loss (per km)
• Splices
• Connectors
• Bends in fiber
• Contamination (dirt , oil)
• Optical components ( filters , amplifiers)

47. Page47
Splitting Ratio and losses:
1:2 3.4 dB (3)
1:4 7.5 dB (6)
1:8 10.5 dB (9)
1:16 13.5 dB (12)
1:32 16.5 dB (15)
1:64 19.5 dB (18)

48. • Fiber loss : 1310 nm 0.35 dB/km , 1490 nm 0.27 dB/km , 1550 nm 0.2
dB/km
• Splices: 0.2-0.3 dB
• Connectors: APC- Green 0.5 dB , PC - Blue 0.75 dB

49. GPON Cabinet Models

51. Page51
• MA5680T: 23 slot (16 service , 2 control, 2 uplink GIU, 2 power, 1
universal board)
• MA5683T: 13 slot (6 service , 2 control, 2 uplink GIU, 2 power, 1
universal board)
• MA5608T: 5 slots (2 service , 2 control, 2 uplink GIU, 2 power) (
card support 8, 16 port (GPFD)
• GPON models in ZTE: C300 , Cards support 8 , 16 port (GTGH)

52. MA5800
 P2P, FTTH (GPON, 10 GPON, 40GPON, 100 GPON (XGPON))
 MA5600 : Only control board has switching capability , up to 20 Gb/s uplink,
control board (SCUN) A/S (SCUH support load sharing)
 MA5800/EA5800: (X17 “17 service, 2 control , 2 power , I universal
interface board”, X15, X7, X2)
 MA5800 : All service board has switching capability , up to 200 Gb/s uplink ,
control boards (MPLB) only load sharing

53.  ONU/ONT Huawei models:
 ONT (FTTH) HG8145, HG8245, HG8247 ….
 ONT model Huawei HG8145 ( 1 pots , 4 ether , wifi, 1 usb)
 ONT model Huawei HG8245 ( 2 pots , 4 ether , wifi, 1 usb, )
 ONT model Huawei HG8247 ( 2 pots , 4 ether , wifi, 1 CATV, 1 usb)
 ONT model Huawei HG8010 (?) – bridge , no ip
 ONU (FTTB or FTTC)
 MA 5620
Page53

54. GPON Operation & Configuration

55. GPON Principle-Data Multiplexing
 GPON adopts Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technology, facilitating bi-direction communication
over a single fiber.
 Max splitting ratio : 1:128 ( practical 1:64)
 To separate upstream/downstream signals of multiple users over a single fiber, GPON adopts two mechanisms:
 In downstream direction, data packets are transmitted in a broadcast manner;
 In upstream direction, data packets are transmitted in a TDMA manner, according to BW map
Page55
OLT
ONU/ONT
1490nm
1310nm
Splitter

56. GPON Principle-Downstream
Page56
 Broadcast mode
1 2 3 1 2 3
1
2
3
Data for specified ONU
Data for specified ONU

57. GPON Principle-Upstream
Page57
 TDMA (Time Division Multiplex Access) mode
1 2 3 2
1
2
3
Data from specified ONU
Data from specified user

58. Service Mapping
GET IP by
PPPOE
Softswitch
Internet
VoD Server
IP Network
DHCP
Server
IPTV
SIP Phone
PC
OLT
Middle
ware
GET IP by
DHCP
GET IP by
DHCP
BRAS
VoIP
Data Flow
Video Flow
Voice Flow
ONU
T-CONT
T-CONT
gem port service port
ONU
Port
User VLAN Gem port Service
port
Service
VLAN
Uplinkpo
rt
Page58

59. Basic concepts of GPON:
• A GEM（GPON Encapsulation Mode) port: used to identify the virtual service
channel that carries the service stream between the OLT and the ONU.
• The GPON encapsulation mode (GEM) frame: the smallest service bearing unit
in the GPON technology and is the most basic encapsulation structure.
• All services are encapsulated in GEM frames for transmission on the GPON
line and are identified by GEM ports.

60. Basic concepts of GPON (cont.):
• Each GEM port is identified by a unique Port ID, which is globally allocated by
the OLT (The Port-ID range 0-4095), each ONU/ONT of the OLT cannot use the
GEM ports with the same Port ID.
• ONU Identifier (ONU ID): ONU ID is an 8 bit identifier that an OLT assigns to
an ONU during ONU activation.
• The ONU/ONT adopts the VLAN ID to differentiate the user service traffic.

61. Basic concepts of GPON (cont.):
• A Transmission Container (T-CONT): an ONU object representing a group of
logical connections that appear as a single entity for the purpose of upstream
bandwidth assignment on the PON.
• The ONU autonomously creates all the supported T CONT instances during
ONU activation.
• The OLT ALLOC_ID is a 12 bit number that the OLT assigns to T CONT.

62. GPON Multiplexing Architecture -Upstream

63. DBA
 What is DBA?
 DBA, Dynamic Bandwidth Assignment
 Why DBA?
 DBA is used to control the upstream bandwidth of ONU.
 Define upstream parameters of GPON , binds to T-CONT to control upstream
traffic
Page63

65. Type [ 1 ] : Fixed Bandwidth
• The fixed bandwidth is reserved for specific ONUs or specific services on ONUs
• It cannot be used by other ONUs even if no upstream service streams are carried
on the specific ONUs
• Mainly used for services sensitive to time delay and of higher priorities
• Applications : VoIP
DBA types (T-CONT type)

66. Type [ 2 ] : Assured Bandwidth
• The assured bandwidth is available at any time required by an ONU
• When the bandwidth required by the service streams on the ONU is smaller
than the assured bandwidth, the system can allocate the remaining bandwidth to
services on other ONUs.
• Applications: Mainly used or video services and data services of higher
priorities.

67. Type [ 3 ] : Assured Bandwidth + Non-assured (Maximum Bandwidth)
• Combined type
• Subscriber is allocated with a certain bandwidth + additive bandwidths at the
same time
• Cannot exceed the maximum bandwidth configured for the subscriber.
• Applications: IPTV service

68. Type [ 4 ] : Best Effort bandwidth
• Mainly used for data services (such as Internet and email), and services of lower
priorities.
• These services do not require high bandwidth

69. Type [ 5 ] : Fixed Bandwidth+ Assured Bandwidth+ Maximum Bandwidth
• Is the mixed T-CONT type, involving all bandwidth types and bearing all
services.
• subscriber is allocated with a fixed bandwidth that cannot be used by other
subscribers + the subscriber can use the assured bandwidth when necessary +
can occupy certain bandwidths
• Cannot exceed the maximum bandwidth configured for the subscriber

70. How does DBA be implemented?
 DBA has two implementation modes:
 Status Reporting (SR) mode: ONU sends a status report for data to be sent.
 Non Status Reporting (NSR) mode: OLT monitors the upstream data of an
ONU in real time. ONU does not need to report the data status.
 Using NSR, OLT resources are occupied, therefore, the SR mode is recommended

73. GPON Terminal Authentication and Management
 In the GPON system, only authenticated ONUs can access the system.
 GPON ONU main authentication
 SN authentication (mainly)
 Password authentication (mainly),
 SN + Password authentication
Page73

74. SN authentication
 In SN authentication, the OLT matches
only the ONU SN
Page74

75. Ranging
 The OLT measures delay and send messages to equalize its delay, this is
called Ranging.
 Once the delay of ONUs have been set, OLT transmits grants to individual
ONUs.
 A grant is permission to use a defined interval of time for upstream
transmission .
 The map allocates bandwidth to all ONUs such that each ONU receives
timely bandwidth for its needs.

77. Page77
OLT
GPON Terminal Management
 GPON system are mainly managed through OMCI messages：
iManager U2000 BMS
OMCI
SNMP
ONU

78. Configuration Commands (Huawei)

79. Add DBA
profile
Add line
profile
Add service
profile
Add ONT
after
Automatic
Discovery to
OLT
Add
service
VLAN
Add service
port , bind
to service
VLAN
Configure
SIP
Configuration Steps

80. Step 1 Configure a broadband service VLAN.
#vlan 2000 smart
#vlan attrib 2000 q-in-q
#port vlan 2000 0/19 0
#display vlan 2000
Step 2 Configure a DBA profile.
#dba-profile add profile-id 15 type4 max 4096
huawei(config)#display dba-profile all

81. Step 3 Configure an ONT line profile.
#ont-lineprofile gpon profile-id 10 profile-name ftth_hsi
10#tcont 10 dba-profile-id 15
10#gem add 10 eth tcont 10
10#mapping-mode vlan
10#gem mapping 10 1vlan 35
huawei(config-gpon-lineprofile-10)#commit
huawei(config-gpon-lineprofile-10)#quit
#display ont-lineprofile gpon profile-id 10

82. Step 4 Configure a service profile.
#ont-srvprofile gpon profile-id 10 profile-name HG824x
#ont-port catv 1 eth 4 pots 2
#port vlan eth 1 35
huawei(config-gpon-srvprofile-10)#commit
huawei(config-gpon-srvprofile-10)#quit
#display ont-srvprofile gpon profile-id 10

83. Step 5 Enable the automatic discovery function of a PON port.
huawei(config)#interface gpon 0/5
#port 0 ont-auto-find enable
Step 5 Register an ONT.
huawei(config-if-gpon-0/5)#display ont autofind
#ont confirm 0 ontid 3 sn-auth 48575443E1F0A409 omci ont-lineprofile-id
10 ont-srvprofile-id 10
#display ont info 0 all

84. Line Profile
(BDA,…)
Service
Profile
ONT
OMCI
OMCI

85. Step 6 Create a GPON service port for VLAN 2000.
#service-port 10 vlan 2000 gpon 0/5/0 ont 3 gemport 10 multi-service user-vlan 35 rx-cttr 10
tx-cttr 10
Step 7 Configure SIP
Gpon0/1#ont ipconfig 1 2 static ip-address 10.9.03.6 mask 255.255.255.0 gateway 10.81.11.1
vlan 999
Gpon0/1# if-sip add 1 2 1 proxy-server 10.111.111.111 proxy-server-port 5060 registration server-
uri ims.te.eg signal signal-port 5060
Gpon0/1# sippstnuser add 1 2 1 mgid 1 telno +20401111111 username +2040111@ims.te.eg
password 256291

86. ZTE Commands
Page86
#show card (display card and state)
#show gpon onu uncfg (discover serial - new serial number)
gpon-onu_1/2/6:1 HWTC11D2D3A4 unknown
gpon-onu_1/2/6:2 HWTC11DA7CA4 unknown
gpon-onu_1/2/9:1 HWTC25DD23A4 unknown

87. GH-EG#show run interface gpon-olt_1/2/6
onu 1 type HWTC-HG88141A sn HWTC25DD45A4
onu 2 type HWTC-HG88141A sn HWTC11D2A1A4
onu 3 type HWTC-HG88141A sn HWTC11DE99A4
onu 4 type HWTC-HG88141A sn HWTC10DBF0A4
EG#conf t
EG(config)#interface gpon-olt_1/2/6
EG(config-if)#onu 5 type HWTC-HG88141A sn HWTC11DA7CA4
EG(config-if)#exit

88. Page88
#gpon
# profile tcont IPTV-60M type 3 assured 1024 maximum 5120 #IPTV
# profile tcont DS-1M type 1 fixed 1024 #voice
# profile tcont DS-200M type 4 maximum 204800 #Internet
EG(config)#interface gpon-onu_1/2/6:5
EG(config-if)#tcont 1 name internet profile DS-200M
EG(config-if)#tcont 2 name Voice profile DS-1M
EG(config-if)#tcont 3 name iptv profile IPTV-60M

89. EG(config-if)#gemport 1 name data tcont 1
EG(config-if)#gemport 2 name Vocie tcont 2
EG(config-if)#gemport 3 name IPTV tcont 3
EG(config-if)#service-port 2 vport 2 user-vlan 999 vlan 999
EG(config-if)#exit

90. Page90
GH-EG(config)#pon-onu-mng gpon-onu_1/2/5:1
GH-EG(gpon-onu-mng 1/2/5:1)#service SIP gemport 2 iphost 2 cos 7 vlan 943
GH-EG(gpon-onu-mng 1/2/5:1)#voip protocol sip
GH-EG(gpon-onu-mng 1/2/5:1)# voip-ip mode static ip-profile gateway-1 ip
10.181.106.7 mask 255.255.255.254.0 vlan-profile SIP host 2
GH-EG(gpon-onu-mng 1/2/5:1)# sip-service pots_0/1 profile sip-server userid
+2040111111 username +204011111@ims.te.eg password 521101

91. Thanks