2. Page 2
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,
LTD.
From Narrowband, Broadband to Gigaband
Redefine
Broadband
25M 300M 300M-1G
Redefine Ultrafast
Broadband
Gigaband world
is coming
3. Page 3
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,
LTD.
Access Technologies Evolution
• Any access media (Copper, Cable, Fiber, Wireless, etc) has its own evolution way
• New technologies (G.fast, DOCSIS3.1, NG PON, …) drive access from 100M to 1G
Average BW per User
Time
1G
100M
10M
2M
2000 2003 2008 2013 2018
ADSL
ADSL2+
DOCSIS2.0
GPON
100M Access
Gigabit Access
GPRS
5G
802.11ad
Fiber (shared) WiFi (shared) Copper (dedicate) Cable (shared) Mobile (shared)
10M Access
5GBB
4. Page 4
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,
LTD.
Copper Good for 100 Years
ADSL / ADSL2+
56k
300M
2M
VDSL2 / Vectoring
1G
SuperVector
2002
2014
2016
G.fast
Bandwidth
ISDN
Telephone
1876
Dial Modem
1981
1985
5GBB
Alexander Graham Bell at the opening
of the long-distance line from New York
to Chicago in 1892.
2015
SuperVector
•Speed: 100M-300M
•Distance: ~1200m
•Typical FTTC/B
•~Year 2017
G.fast
•Speed: 500M-1G
•Distance: ~200m
•Typical FTTB/D
•~Year 2015
5GBB
•Speed: 2G~5G
•Frequency:~800MHz
•Distance: ~50m
•Typical FTTD
•~ Year 2020
Vectoring
•Speed: 50M-100M
•Distance: ~1000m
•Typical FTTC/B
•Mature
ADSL2+
2.2 17 30 106 212
f (MHz)
VDSL2
G.fast
2020 5G
128k
24M
100M
50m
250m
800m
1.2km
3km
4km
5km
FTTO / W D-CCAP
FTTC/B/D FTTH / ODN O&M
5. Page 5
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,
LTD.
Copper Based Solutions: From DSLAM to FTTC/B/D
DSLAM FTTC FTTB FTTD
Mode DSLAM FTTC FTTB FTTD
Bandwidth 2-50M 50M-100M 100M-500M 100M-1G
Capacity ~768 L 48-384 L 8-48 L 1-8 L
Distance ~3km <1000m ~200m <100m
FTTO / W D-CCAP
FTTC/B/D FTTH / ODN O&M
7. Page 7
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,
LTD.
Page 7
Upon completion of this course, you will be able
to:
› GPON Principles and Key GPON Techniques
› GPON Basic Configuration
› GPON Q&A
8. Page 8
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,
LTD.
Page 8
Chapter 1 GPON Concepts
To know GPON concepts and GPON advantages compare to
copper
Chapter 2 GPON Service Configure and Key Techniques
Chapter 3 GPON ONT Management
9. Page 9
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,
LTD.
GPON Advantage : Bandwidth
• Solve the data limitation for copper, meet the requirement for HDTV/RealTime TV
• GPON can reach 2.5Gbps downstream /1.25Gbps upstream
<1Mbps 3M 8M 25M 100M
ADSL/ADSL2+
Copper Based
VDSL / ADSL2+
Copper Based
PON
Fiber Based
Access Technologies Evolution:
2003 2006 2010->
BandWidth
Internet
Conferance
Technical
Business
VoD
IPTV
Video meeting
Game
RealTime TV
VoD
HDTV
<3km <2km <1km ~5km
Distance
2002
10. Page 10
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,
LTD.
GPON Advantage : Longer transmission distance/little
attenuation
The transmission media of optical fibers covers up to 60 km coverage radius on the access layer
Upstream 1490nm, Downstream 1310nm; the attenuation 0.2~0.5dbm/Km。
11. Page 11
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,
LTD.
GPON Advantage : Low-cost network
Savings of at least half of the fiber optic backbone
Compared to P2P, saving nearly half of the optical module
P2P network
Multipoint active network
GPON network
12. Page 12
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,
LTD.
GPON Advantage : Low maintenance costs
ODN: Optical Distribution Network
Passive Network save maintenance costs
Feature reduces the power consumption
OAM management system reduces management difficulies
14. Page 14
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,
LTD.
GPON Concept
Passive Optical Network
OLT
ONU
Optical Line Terminal
Optical Network Unit
Passive Optical Splitter
Internet
CATV
ONU
ONU
Passive
Optical Splitter
GPON: gigabit-capable passive optical network
PON is a point to multi-point (P2MP) passive optical network
PON Include OLT(Optical Line Terminal ), ONU(Optical Network Unit ) and splitter
15. Page 15
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,
LTD.
GPON Basic Parameter
Maximum split ratio 1:128
Maximum logical reach:60km
Maximum differential between farthest and nearest ONU from the OLT: 40km ?
Upstream 1.24416Gbit/s、downstream 2.48832Gbit/s, Frame length 125us
ONU OLT
ONU
Maximum differential
distance
between the farthest and the nearest
ONU
s
from the OLT: 20km
Logical reach : 60 km
Logical split ratio: 128
•Ranging based on
synchronous framing
•8 kHz clock transport
or recovery
•Survivability using
PST bytes
•Security based on
encryption
UNI SNI
16. Page 16
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,
LTD.
ITU-T G.984.3
• Transmission Convergence Layer Specification. This
protocol mainly describes the TC layer specifications,
including the upstream and downstream frame structures
and GPON principle.
ITU-T G-984.1/2/3/4
Simple development process
Powerful compatibility
ITU-T G.984.1
• General Characteristics. This protocol mainly
describes the basic features and major protection
modes of GPON.
GPON ITU Document
ITU-T G.984.4
• ONT Management And Control Interface Specification. This protocol
mainly describes the GPON management and maintenance protocols,
such as OAM, PLOAM, and OMCI.
ITU-T G.984.2
• Physical Media Dependent (PMD) Layer Specification. This protocol
mainly describes the PMD layer parameters, including physical
parameters (such as the transmit optical power, receiver sensitivity,
and overload optical power) of optical transceivers, and also defines
optical budget of different levels, for example, the most common Class
B+.
18. Page 18
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,
LTD.
GPON Upstream Frame Encapsulate
PLOu PLOAMu PLSu DBRu x Payload x DBRu y Payload y PLOu DBRu z Payload z
Preamble
A bytes
Delimiter
B bytes
BIP
1 bytes
ONU-ID
1 bytes
Ind
1 bytes
ONU ID
Msg ID
1 bytes
Message
10 bytes
CRC
1 bytes
DBA
1,2,4bytes
CRC
1 bytes
DBA Report Pad if needed
GEM
header
Frame
fragment
GEM
header
Full
frame
GEM
header
Frame
fragment
PLI Port ID PTI HEC
ONT A ONT B
Upstream Framing
19. Page 19
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,
LTD.
GEM
Payload
CRC
PTI
Port ID
PLI
GEM Frame
Ethernet Packet
DA
SFD
Preamble
Inter packet gap
SA
LengthType
MAC client data
FEC
EOF
5 bytes
Ethernet Packet to GEM Frame
20bytes
The GPON system parses Ethernet frames and maps data into GEM payloads for transmission
Header information is automatically encapsulated into GEM frames
The mapping format is clear and has good compatibility
20. Page 20
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,
LTD.
Page 20
Chapter 1 GPON Concepts
To know GPON concepts and GPON advantages compare to
copper
Chapter 2 GPON Service Configure and Key Techniques
Chapter 3 GPON ONT Management
23. Page 23
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,
LTD.
GPON Downstream communication principle
• Broadcasts the same data to all ONUs and all the ONUS can receive
the same data, How to identify ?
OLT
ONU
ONU
ONU
USER3
USER2
USER1
125us
1
2 1 3
H
1
2 1 3
H
2
1 1
3
FCS Payload
Header
G.984.3帧
24. Page 24
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,
LTD.
GempotID
GempotID: Differentiates ONU data by GEM port ID
According to the protocol, 4096 gemport ID per gpon port, all the gemport ID in one
GPON port should be unique;
GemportID is configured in the GPON Line-profile;
25. Page 25
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,
LTD.
GPON Upstream Frame
• In the upstream direction, each ONU can send data to the OLT only in the timeslot
permitted and allocated by the OLT. This ensures that each ONU sends data in a given
sequence, avoiding upstream data conflicts
• Supports time division multiple access (TDMA) and Transits data on an exclusive timeslot.
• Detects and prevents collisions through ranging.
OLT
ONU
ONU
ONU
USER3
USER2
USER1
2
1 2 1 3
H
2
1 1
3
Payload
Header
G.984.3 Frame
H
H H H
26. Page 26
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,
LTD.
GPON Upstream Frame Overview
GEM
Payload
CRC
PTI
Port ID
PLI
GEM Frame
Ethernet Packet
DA
SFD
Preamble
Inter packet gap
SA
LengthType
MAC client data
FEC
EOF
5 bytes
The GPON system parses Ethernet frames and maps data into GEM payloads for transmission
Header information is automatically encapsulated into GEM frames
The mapping format is clear and has good compatibility
27. Page 27
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,
LTD.
Page 27
ONE ONU Support Multi Gemport
• Each GEM port can carry one or more types of service stream
• Gemport Mapping: gem mapping 0 1 vlan 100
28. Page 28
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,
LTD.
Page 28
MA5600T-ONT GPON System Architecture
PC
STB
POTS
GMAC Service
Mapping
400G
Switch
Fabric
PC
STB
POTS
GPON Line Card
VoIP
Processor
GMAC
ONT
VoIP
Processor
GMAC
ONT
Main Control Card
10GE
ODN
Other Line Card
Other Line Card
…
MA5600T
Service
Mapping
Service
Mapping
S-VLAN
GEM-Port
GEM-Port
C-VLAN
C-VLAN
GEM-Port
C-VLAN
MAC
PPPoE/IPoE
C-VLAN
MAC
PPPoE/IPoE
GEM
S-VLAN
MAC
PPPoE/IPoE
Protocol
10GE
S-VLAN
MAC
PPPoE/IPoE
29. Page 29
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,
LTD.
Page 29
GPON Upstream Frame
the OLT control the timeslot and sequence of data delivery, How to
make sure all the Upstream Frame is not conflict?
30. Page 30
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,
LTD.
GPON Downstream Frame:
OLT controls the time for each ONU to send data upstream
31. Page 31
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,
LTD.
Page 31
GPON key Techniques:Ranging
OLT
ONU1
ONU2
ONU3
1: Collisions may occur when ONU sends data in TDMA
mode (in this mode, only one of the ONUs connecting to a
PON port sends data at a moment), as shown in Figure 1.
The OLT must precisely measure the distances between
itself and each ONU
2: Ranging process is as follows:
2.1 The OLT starts ranging for an ONU when the ONU registers
with the OLT for the first time and obtains the round trip delay
(RTD) of the ONU. Based on the RTD, the OLT calculates the
physical reach of this ONU.
2.2 The OLT specifies a proper equalization delay (EqD) for the
ONU based on the physical reach.
3: ONUs locate at the same logic reach and they send
data at specified timeslots, thereby preventing
upstream cell conflict.
33. Page 33
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,
LTD.
GPON key Techniques - DBA
The embedded DBA module of an OLT continuously collects DBA reports, performs
calculation, and uses the BWMap field in the downstream frame to notify the ONU of the
DBA calculation result.
According to the BWMap information, the ONUs send data upstream in the timeslots
allocated to them, and occupy the upstream bandwidth. Therefore, each ONU dynamically
adjusts its upstream bandwidth according to its actually transmitted data traffic, improving
upstream bandwidth usage.
(参考产品手册中的动态图)
34. Page 34
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,
LTD.
BandWidth Type
Fixed Bandwidth
Assured Bandwidth
Non-Assured Bandwidth
Best-Effort Bandwidth
BandWidth Type priority
LOW
High
Guaranteed
Bandwidth
Additional
Bandwidth
Bandwidth Priority Description Allocation
Fixed
bandwidth
Priority 1
(Highest)
Used for delay sensitive traffic, Bandwidth reserved first, including
slot location to minimize delay and
delay variation.
Assured
bandwidth
Priority 2 Reserved second using the
remaining bandwidth. Can
experience delays or delay
variations greater than those of
Fixed bandwidth.
Bandwidth reserved second.
Instantaneous bandwidth can vary,
average bandwidth over a specified
time period only.
Non-Assured
bandwidth
Priority 3 Only allocated bandwidth if
available following servicing of
Fixed and Assured bandwidth
traffic.
Allocated equally across all T-CONTs
with Assured bandwidth which are
requesting additional bandwidth up to
their Maximum bandwidth setting.
Best Effort
bandwidth
Priority 4
(Lowest)
Bandwidth only allocated once all
other bandwidths have been
serviced.
No guaranteed bandwidth. Remaining
bandwidth equally distributed
amongst requesters up to their
Maximum bandwidth setting.
35. Page 35
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,
LTD.
DBA BandWidth Allocation
Fixed
for ONT
Total
Bandwidth
Assured
Non-Assured
Best-Effort
Fixed
For ONT
Total
Bandwidth
Fixed
for ONT
Total
Bandwidth
Assured
Fixed
for ONT
Total
Bandwidth
Assured
Non-Assured
Step1 for Fixed DBA Stpe 2 for Assured DBA Stpe 3 for Non-assureDBA Stpe 4 for Best-Effort DBA
Fixed is configured by static Assured DBA are configured on
demand
After Fixed and Assured DBA.
Configure the Non-Assure DBA
Last Step configure the Best-
Effort DBA
36. Page 36
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,
LTD.
DBA Case
• Upstream 1.25G
ONU DBA type TX RX
ONUA Type1:Fix 300M ONUA=600M 300
ONUB Type1:Fix300M ONUB=600M 300
ONUC Type2:Assure250M, ONUC=600M 250
ONUD Type2:Assure250M, ONUD=600M 250
ONUE
Type3:Assure100M,
Max500M
ONUE=600M 150
0 M
400
0
0 M
0
150
37. Page 37
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,
LTD.
GPON Multiplexing Architecture
IFpon
O
N
U
O
N
U
O
N
U
T-CONT GemPort
T-CONT
GemPort
GemPort
T-CONT
T-CONT
GemPort
GemPort
GemPort
GemPort
GemPort
ONU-ID identifies
ONUs
Alloc-IDs identifies T-
CONTs
Port-ID identifies
GEM ports
OLT ONT
T-CONT
T-CONT
GEM Port GEM Port
GEM Port: the minimum unit for carrying services.
T-CONT: Transmission Containers is a kind of Buffer that carries
services. It is mainly used to transmit upstream data units. T-CONT is
introduced to realize the dynamic bandwidth assignment of the
upstream bandwidth, so as to enhance the utilization of the line.
IF pon: GPON interface.
Base on the mapping scheme, service traffic is carried to different
GEM ports and then to different T-CONTs. The mapping between the
GEM port and the T-CONT is flexible. A GEM Port can correspond to a
T-CONT; or multiple GEM Ports can correspond to the same T-CONT.
A GPON interface of an ONU contains one or multiple T-CONTs.
38. Page 38
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,
LTD.
Alarm---XPON Alarm
ONT Frame Loss(LOFi)
GPON ONT Power-off(DGi)
GPON ONT Configure failed
Rouge ONT
Loss of the signal for ONT (LOSi)
Loss of the signal for PON port(LOS)
ONT ETH-Port from up to down
ONT
ETH
OLT
分光器
GPON
ONT
ETH
(LOSi)
(LOFi)
Dgi and Configure failed
• (LOS)
• Rouge NT
ONT ETH-Port from
up to down
OLT
GPON
39. Page 39
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,
LTD.
GPON Networking Protection
GPON Type B Protection
GPON type B protection allows dual-channel redundancy protection for OLT PON ports and
backbone fibers on a GPON network. This feature improves ODN network reliability and ensures
service continuity.
GPON Type C Protection
The GPON type C protection switching is implemented through the redundancy configuration of the
two PON ports on the ONU, backbone optical fiber, optical splitter, and tributary optical fiber on a
GPON network. Each item is in a dual configuration. The protection improves the reliability on the
optical distribution network (ODN) and prevents service interruption.
注解:参考产品文档的组网图介绍