383934148-DWDM-101-Introduction-to-DWDM-2-pdf.pdf

2. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 2 APJC Optical Sales Agenda  Why DWDM?  Optical Basics  DWDM Technology  Optical Transmission Systems Network Design  Reference architectures

3. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 3 APJC Optical Sales • Bit-rate and protocol independent transport • Extremely high bandwidth Bit-rate X no. of channels 10 Gbps  10G X 80  0.8 Tbps 40 Gbps  40G X 80  3.2 Tbps 100 Gbps  100G X 80  8 Tbps Scales beyond efficiently too : 96 channels ; 400 Gbps ; 1 Tbps • Fiber plant investment is preserved – add capacity to lit fiber thru equipment upgrades; graceful growth • Highly scalable – leverage abundance of dark fiber; convert existing spans of SONET / SDH rings • Dynamic provisioning – service availability in hours / days compared to months in a purely TDM world; wavelength on demand • Convergence Layer – Creates the optical superhighway IP and Ethernet • Spans from access to the core • Relevant in access, metro, regional, and long haul networks • An established field, well aided by frequent innovations

4. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 4 APJC Optical Sales • Transport of bandwidths beyond available interface rates (GE, 10G, 40G, 100G) requires multiple channels. • With standard interfaces, multiple channels requires multiple fiber pairs. Fiber is a scarce resource, and can be costly. • xWDM allows multiple channels over a single fiber pair, and is often more cost effective than using multiple fiber pairs. • Each channel physically separated and don’t have common data plane path with the rest of the channels in the system Without DWDM N fiber pairs With DWDM One fiber pair N wavelengths

5. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 5 APJC Optical Sales • With standard interfaces, distance is limited to the reach of the specified interface (e.g. LX, EX, ZX – 10 km, 40 km, 80 km – depends on fiber). • Exceeding these distances requires regeneration of each channel (typically with router/switch interfaces). • With DWDM, single span distances can reach 250 km. • Amplified, multiple span DWDM distances can reach 1000’s of km, with no ‘electrical’ regeneration and can have more than 80 channels today. Optical Amplifier Without DWDM up to 80km With DWDM 1000’s of km

6. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 6 APJC Optical Sales • With standard interfaces, the physical (layer 1) network topology is restricted to the fiber topology. • Fiber is expensive, and availability is limited. Metro / regional fiber is most cost effectively deployed to multiple sites in a ring. • DWDM, specifically ROADM, allows any L1 topology (hub and spoke, mesh) over any fiber topology – typically a ring.

7. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 7 APJC Optical Sales • Without DWDM (or TDM), service protection must be provided by an upper layer protocol. This can be complicated and slow. • DWDM provides the ability to protect individual channels at layer 1, with sub 50 ms switching times. • Bandwidth is reserved, with no oversubscription or contention in a failure scenario. • Multiple levels of resiliency are available, at varying cost points. Transport Section Protection Multiplex Section Protection (Splitter Protection) Optical Channel Protection (Trunk Protection)

9. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 9 APJC Optical Sales Optical communication wavelength bands in the InfraRed: • 850 nm over Multimode fiber • 1310 nm over Singlemode fiber • C-band:1550 nm over Singlemode fiber • L-band: 1625 nm over Singlemode fiber UltraViolet InfraRed 850 nm 1310 nm 1550 nm 1625 nm l Visible

10. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 10 APJC Optical Sales • Wavelength (Lambda l) of light: in optical communications normally measured in nanometers, 10–9m (nm) • Frequency () in Hertz (Hz): normally expressed in TeraHertz (THz), 1012 Hz • Converting between wavelength and frequency: Wavelength x frequency = speed of light  l x  = C C = 3x108 m/s For example: 1550 nanometers (nm) = 193.41 terahertz (THz)

11. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 11 APJC Optical Sales • The optical power of a signal can be measured in milliwatts (mW) • dBm is the optical power expressed in decibels relative to one milliwatt • Power in dBm = 10 log10 [Optical power (mW)/1mW] • Examples: Optical Power mW Optical Power dBm 0.1 mW -10 dBm 1.0 mW 0 dBm 2.0 mW +3 dBm 10 mW +10 dBm 100 mW +20 dBm

13. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 13 APJC Optical Sales Invention of first low-loss optical fiber 1970 Introduction of Corning 62.5/125 um multimode fiber 1976 1983 1985 1986 Introduction of Corning SMF-21 fiber Introduction of Corning SMF/DS dispersion shifted fiber Introduction of Corning SMF- 28 fiber 1986 Introduction of Corning 50/125 um fiber 1994 Introduction of Corning SMF- LS non-zero dispersion shifted fiber 1998 Introduction of Corning LEAF non-zero dispersion shifted fiber with large effective area Introduction of Lucent TrueWave non-zero dispersion shifted fiber 1993 Introduction of Lucent TrueWave RS reduced slope non-zero dispersion shifted fiber 1998

14. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 14 APJC Optical Sales • The core carries the light signals • The refractive index difference between core & cladding confines the light to the core • The coating protects the glass Coating 250 microns An optical fiber comprises of three sections: Cladding 125 microns Core SMF 8 microns

15. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 15 APJC Optical Sales n2 n1 Cladding Core • Light is weakly guided through index difference between core and cladding n2-n1 • Single mode is transmitted • Mode field travels in core and cladding Intensity Profile

16. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 16 APJC Optical Sales • Attenuation, two primary loss mechanisms Absorption loss due to impurities Scattering loss due to refractive index fluctuations • Chromatic dispersion: Wavelengths travel at different speeds (refractive index function of l) Smears pulses because lasers are not perfectly monochromatic • Polarization mode dispersion (PMD): Light travels in two orthogonal modes If core is nonsymmetric, different modes travel at different speeds Issue at high bit rates such as 10 Gbps and higher • Nonlinear effects Prevalent at higher signal powers

17. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 17 APJC Optical Sales • The Insertion Loss or Attenuation between transmitter and receiver is expressed by the difference between the transmitted and received power • Attenuation expressed in decibels (dB) is a negative gain, calculated by 10 x log10 Prx/Ptx (dB) • If half the power is lost, this is 3 dB • Example: Attenuation = 30 dB means transmitter power is 1000 times the receive power Transmitter Receiver Transmit Power = Ptx (mW) Receive Power = Prx (mW) Lossy optical component

18. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 18 APJC Optical Sales • Fiber attenuation expressed in dB/km, calculated by 10 log10 (Ptx/Prx)/L • Example: A fiber of 10 km length has Pin = 10 μW and Pout = 6 μW Its loss expressed in dB is Fiber loss = 10 log10(10/6) = 2.2 dB And expressed in dB/km = 0.22 dB/Km Transmitter Receiver Transmit Power = Ptx (μW or mW) Receive Power = Prx (μW or mW) Length = L km

19. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 19 APJC Optical Sales • Attenuation specified in loss per kilometer (dB/km) 0.40 dB/km @ 1310 nm, 0.25 dB/km @ 1550 nm • Loss due to absorption by impurities, 1400 nm peak due to OH (water) ions • Rayleigh scattering loss, fundamental limit to fiber loss 1550 window 1310 window Rayleigh scattering loss Fundamental mode Bending loss OH Absorption Loss

20. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 21 APJC Optical Sales Wavelength l Dispersion ps/nm-km 20 0 1310 nm 1550nm • Chromatic dispersion causes a broadening in time of the input signal as it travels down the length of the fiber. • The phenomenon occurs because the optical signal has a finite spectral width, and different spectral components will propagate at different speeds along the length of the fiber. • The cause of this velocity difference is that the index of refraction of the fiber core is different for different wavelengths. • This is called material dispersion and it is the dominant source of chromatic dispersion in single-mode fibers. Variation of Chromatic Dispersion with wavelength for Standard SingleMode fiber (>95% of installed fiber)

21. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 22 APJC Optical Sales Standard SingleMode Fiber >95% installed fiber Non-zero dispersion shifted fibers (NZDSF) Lower dispersion in 1550nm window Wavelength l Dispersion ps/nm-km 20 0 1310 nm 1550nm 1530 1540 1550 1560nm +2 +4 - 2 - 4 Corning LS Corning DSF Dispersion (ps/nm -km) Lucent TW+ Corning Leaf

22. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 23 APJC Optical Sales • Dispersion limitation is defined by the dispersion tolerance of the transmitter and the receiver • Total dispersion is calculated from the fiber dispersion characteristics and the fiber length for any channel or traffic path • The effect of fiber dispersion should be taken into account in the power budget as the dispersion penalty budget • If any channel hit the dispersion limit, the dispersion should be compensated or the channel signal should be regenerated (O-E-O) • Doubling of bit rate results in an increase of dispersion penalty of up to four times

23. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 24 APJC Optical Sales Distance (Km) = Dispersion Tolerance of Transponder (ps/nm) Coefficient of Dispersion of Fiber (ps/nm*km) Transmission Rate Modulation format Dispersion Tolerance Distance 2.5 Gb/s External Modulation 20,000 ps/nm/km ~ 1,100 km 2.5 Gb/s Direct Modulation 2,400 ps/nm/km 140 km 10 Gb/s External Modulation 1,200 ps/nm/km 70 km 40 Gb/s External Modulation 200 ps/nm/km 12 km • Dispersion limited transmission distances over SMF fiber (17 ps/nm/km):

24. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 25 APJC Optical Sales • In fiber the different frequency components of the signal propagate at different speeds • The effect is signal distortion and intersymbol Interference, the penalty is “eye-closure” • Can be compensated for by the use of Dispersion Compensation Eye opening FOLDING  Tx bit sequence Eye diagram no dispersion

25. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 26 APJC Optical Sales • Dispersion generally not an issue below 10Gbps • Narrow spectrum laser sources (external modulation) and low chirp* laser sources reduce dispersion penalty. With broad/chirped sources the different spectral components of the source will see different dispersions thus broadening the pulse in time • New fiber types (NZ-DSF) greatly reduce effects • Dispersion compensation techniques • Dispersion compensation fiber • Dispersion compensating optical filters • Dispersion Compensating Units (DCU) generally placed in mid- stage access of EDFA to alleviate DCU insertion loss • *Chirp: frequency of launched pulse changes with time

26. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 27 APJC Optical Sales • Dispersion Compensating Fiber: DCUs use fiber with chromatic dispersion of opposite sign/slope and of suitable length to bring the average dispersion of the link close to zero. The compensating fiber can be several kilometers in length, the DCU are typically inserted after each span

27. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 28 APJC Optical Sales • PMD causes a broadening in time of the optical signal • In an ideal optical fiber, the core has a perfectly circular cross-section. In this case, the fundamental light mode has two orthogonal polarizations (orientations of the electric field) that travel at the same speed through the fiber • Birefringence (index of refraction variation between two polarization axis) arises due to random imperfections and asymmetries, causes broadening of the optical pulse due to the two orthogonal polarization states traveling at different speeds n1 n2 n1 > n2 refractive index difference due to mechanical stress

28. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 29 APJC Optical Sales • The “PMD coefficient”, with units of ps/km1/2, indicates the rate at which PMD builds up along the fiber length • Limits optical reach in high-speed transmission systems • Typical PMD tolerance 2.5 Gbps: typically 40 ps 10 Gbps: typically 10 ps 40 Gbps: typically 2.5 ps (can be larger dependant on modulation format) • Power penalty due to PMD (1-2 dB)

29. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 30 APJC Optical Sales Link PMD: • Individual fibers have higher PMD values than when concatenated in a link • The PMD link value determines the statistical upper limit for system PMD Transmission Rate Distance 2.5 Gb/s 1,000,000 km 10 Gb/s 62,500 km 40 Gb/s 3,906 km Transmission Rate Distance 2.5 Gb/s 40,000 km 10 Gb/s 2,500 km 40 Gb/s 156 km ELEAF: PMD spec <0.1 ps/km1/2, PMD Link Value of <0.04 ps/km1/2 Leads to PMD limited system length of: Old SMF: PMD spec <0.5 ps/km1/2, PMD link value of <0.2 ps/km1/2 Leads to PMD limited system length of: Examples:

30. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 31 APJC Optical Sales • Not an issue at 2.5 Gbps • 2000+ Km at 10 Gbps on typical fiber • Increase system robustness with Forward Error Correction (FEC) and optimized transmitter modulation formats • Deploy PMD-optimized fibers • Use PMD Compensation (PMDC) (e.g. electronic post processing in 40/100G Optical Module DSP)

32. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 33 APJC Optical Sales • As long as the optical power density within the optical fiber core is low, the fiber can be considered a linear medium • Loss and refractive index are independent of the signal power • When optical power levels gets fairly high, the fiber becomes a nonlinear medium • Loss and refractive index are dependent on the optical power • High channel count, high bit rate, long reach systems require higher per channel powers making them susceptible to non-linear effects

33. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 34 APJC Optical Sales • Single channels non-linear effects • Self Phase Modulation (SPM) • Stimulated Brilliouin Scattering (SBS) • Multi channel effects • Four Wave Mixing (FWM) • Cross Phase Modulation (XPM) • Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS)

34. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 35 APJC Optical Sales Intensity Time Slow Phase Velocity Fast Phase Velocity Optical Pulse n = n0 + N2 Index of Refraction Nonlinear Coefficient Light Intensity • Non-linearity arises (excluding scattering NLEs) from the modulation of the refractive index of the fiber through the interaction of the high optical power • Intensity of an optical pulse modulates the index of refraction • Nonlinearity scales as (channel power)2

35. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 36 APJC Optical Sales • Self Phase Modulation is a single channel effect • Through the non-linear index, as earlier mentioned, the signal intensity variation of a channel modulates the fiber’s local refractive index • Therefore different parts of the optical signal see different refractive indexes, and therefore different phase velocities • The resultant effect on the signal depends on fiber dispersion • For Dispersion < 0, SPM can add on to chromatic dispersion and increase temporal broadening of the optical pulses, thus reducing the dispersion tolerance of the system • For Dispersion > 0, SPM can narrow the optical pulse and thus alleviate chromatic dispersion pulse broadening

37. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 38 APJC Optical Sales • Cross Phase Modulation is a multi-channel effect • Through the non-linear index adjacent channels also modulate the fiber’s local refractive index and therefore modulate the phase of the channel under consideration • The effect of XPM is to act as a crosstalk penalty • Increasing channel spacing reduces XPM because dispersion increases and the individual pulse streams “walk away” from each other • Optimized dispersion compensation mapping can also reduce the effect.

38. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 39 APJC Optical Sales Out of Fiber 1 2 21-2 22-1 1 2 Into Fiber • Channels beat against each other to form intermodulation products • Creates in-band crosstalk that can not be filtered (optically or electrically)

39. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 40 APJC Optical Sales Output Spectrum after 25 km of Dispersion Shifted Fiber Wavelength (nm) -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 -35 -40 1542 1543 1544 1545 1546 1547 1548 Input Power = +4 dBm/ch Power (dBm)

40. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 41 APJC Optical Sales Channel Spacing (nm) FWM Efficiency (dB) 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 -50 -30 -10 0 -20 -40 D= 0 ps/nm D= 17 ps/nm D= 2 ps/nm D= 0.2 ps/nm • FWM effect efficiency strongly dependant on dispersion • With higher dispersion and greater channel spacing effect negated • Dispersion Shifted fiber with disp zero in C-band exhibits high FWM penalty • Uneven channel spacing can reduce effect because intermodulation products do not fall on channels 2 ( ) * ( ) * FWM eff P n P A D 

41. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 42 APJC Optical Sales • Effect and consequences • SRS causes a signal wavelength to behave as a “pump” for longer wavelengths. Energy is transferred from the shorter to longer wavelengths • Thus the shorter wavelengths are attenuated by this process and longer wavelengths amplified • SRS takes place in the transmission fiber • SRS (Raman) Amplification • SRS can be used for amplification in the transmission fiber. Using Raman pumps it is possible to implement a distributed Raman amplifier f f Transmission Fiber

42. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 43 APJC Optical Sales -50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 1528 1532 1536 1540 1544 1548 1552 1556 1560 Wavelength (nm) Spectrum (dB) • Impact of SRS in a DWDM system

44. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 45 APJC Optical Sales Fabry-Perot Laser • Spectrally broad linewidth • Unstable center/peak wavelength • Characteristic of low-cost SR/IR optics Distributed Feedback Laser (DFB) • Dominant single wavelength • Tighter wavelength control • Can be externally modulated • Necessary for DWDM transmission lc l Power l Power lc Non-DWDM Laser Characteristic DWDM Laser Characteristic

45. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 46 APJC Optical Sales • Direct modulation • Directly varying the laser drive current with the information stream to produce a varying optical output power, “1” and “0” • Thermal difference between “1” and “0” state creates wavelength shift, induces spectral broadening of the laser spectrum… “Chirping” • Spectrally broad, chirped signal has low dispersion tolerance • External modulation • High-speed system to minimize undesirable effects, such a chirping • Modulation achieved through • separate device, for example Lithium Niobate Mach-Zehnder interferometer • or integral part of the laser transmitter, electro-absorption • Spectrally narrow signal has high dispersion tolerance

46. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 48 APJC Optical Sales Each modulation format has advantages and disadvantages. • IM-OOK NRZ: Intensity Modulation – On Off Keying Non Return to Zero • RZ: return to Zero • ODB: Optical Duobinary • (D)PSK: (Differential) Phase Shift Keying • (D)QPSK: (Differential) Quadrature Phase Shift Keying • PM-(D)QPSK: Polarization Multiplexing (D)QPSK 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 Time NRZ RZ ( ) Rx E t ( ) Ix E t x̂ 0 1 ( ) Rx E t 00 11 10 01 ( ) Ix E t (D)QPSK (D)PSK IM-OOK

47. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 49 APJC Optical Sales • Measures the degree of impairment when the optical signal is carried by an optical transmission system that includes optical amplifiers. • Optical Signal to Noise Ratio, expressed in dB, is given by the following: OSNR=10 x log(Psig/N) + log (Bm/ Br ) • where: Psig is the optical signal power (mW) Bm is the resolution bandwidth (nm) N is the noise power measured in Bm (mW) Br is the reference optical bandwidth, typically chosen to be 0.1 nm • Typical OSNR value in 0.5 nm resolution bandwidth is >10 dB

48. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 50 APJC Optical Sales TX RX  With no noise  With no Inter Symbol Interference  BER=0 independent of power • BER is a key objective of Optical System Design BER is the number of erroneous bits received divided by the total number of bits transmitted over a stipulated period • Goal is to get from the Tx to Rx with a BER less than the BER threshold of the Rx • Typical minimum acceptable system BER is 10-12 (10-15 with Forward Error Correction)

49. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 51 APJC Optical Sales Optical Budget is affected by: Fiber attenuation Splices Patch Panels/Connectors Optical components (filters, amplifiers, etc) Bends in fiber Contamination/dirt on connectors Link Optical Budget = Ptx – Prx Where: Ptx = Transmitter output power Prx = Receiver input sensitivity to achieve required BER performance Ptx = +3 dBm Prx = -26 dBm Budget = 29 dB

50. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 52 APJC Optical Sales • The vertical eye opening shows the ability to distinguish between a 1 and a 0 bit • The horizontal opening gives the time period over which the signal can be sampled FOLDING  Tx bit sequence

51. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 53 APJC Optical Sales Decision Threshold “1” Level “0” Level What causes bit errors: • Noise introduced through receivers and amplifiers • Pulse shape distortion introduced through dispersion and non-linear effects These contribute to errors in bit detection when determining if a bit is a “1” or a “0”

53. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 55 APJC Optical Sales • Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifiers (EDFA) • Operating range: C-band: 1530 to 1565 nm L-band: 1605 to 1625nm • Gain up to 30 dB, 1000x amplification for small signals • High output saturation power up to +27 dBm, 500 mW • Low signal distortion and cross-talk • Optically Transparent  Signal format and Bit rate independent

54. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 56 APJC Optical Sales Energy = h .  Fundamental State Excited State Pump Photon at 980 nm Fundamental State Transition to a lower energy state Metastable State Telecom signal photon at 1550 nm Energy = h .  • The photon generated by the decay of the Erbuim ion back to Its fundamental state is in phase with the signal photon that initiated the Stimulated Emission + = Amplified Telecom Signal Photon at 1550 nm = Erbium Ions

55. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 57 APJC Optical Sales Signal Input 980 or 1480 nm Pump Laser Erbium Doped Fiber Amplified Signal Output Isolator WDM Coupler for pump and signal Isolator • Gain though high power pump laser(s) at either 980nm or 1480nm pumping into the absorption bands of the erbium ions • Input and output isolators stop the EDFA “lasing” due to reflected power passing back through EDFA • WDM coupler efficiently combines pump and signal wavelengths Basic EDFA configuration

56. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 58 APJC Optical Sales • Gain can be expressed by the ratio of Pout/Pin • Gain is measured more conveniently in dB , calculated by 10 log10 Pout/Pin • If the power is doubled by an amplifier, this is +3 dB • Example: Pout/Pin = 50, Gain = 17 dB Amplifier Pin Pout

57. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 59 APJC Optical Sales AMP Gain 14dB Total Output Power : +2dBm Per channel output power -1dBm Per channel input power -15dBm AMP Total Output Power Constant : +2dBm Total Output Power +2dBm Per channel power -4dBm Per channel power -15dBm AMP Gain Stays Constant : Gain 14dB Total Output Power +5dBm Per channel power -1dBm Per channel power -15dBm Constant Gain Mode Constant Power Mode Total Input Power : -12dBm

58. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 60 APJC Optical Sales • Automatically corrects amplifier gain for capacity change, ageing effects, operating conditions • Keep traffic working after network failures • Prevent BER degradation due to network degrade • For DWDM applications Constant Gain mode is preferred • Constant Power mode suitable for single channel applications

59. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 61 APJC Optical Sales Ch1 Channel Power Ch40 EDFA non-flat gain spectrum Non-flat amplified signal spectrum Pump bands Gain band • Erbium absorption and emission lines. • The multiple emission lines gives rise to the broad spectrum of the EDFA

61. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 63 APJC Optical Sales • EDFAs are the source of noise, Amplified Spontaneous Emission noise (ASE) in a system • The difference between the optical power of a channel and the noise power is called the Optical Signal to Noise Ratio, OSNR • Between EDFAs, the OSNR stays constant • The lower the input power to the EDFA the lower the OSNR at the output • The only way to recover OSNR is via an OEO Regeneration. • OSNR is tracked on a per channel basis, each channel will have a different OSNR Every optical interface (line card, Transponder etc) has a minimum OSNR specification that must be met

63. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 65 APJC Optical Sales • One traffic channel per fiber pair • 40 x 2.5 Gbps channels, 80 fibers STM-16 Tx STM-16 Rx STM-16 Tx STM-16 Rx STM-16 Tx STM-16 Rx STM-16 Tx STM-16 Rx STM-16 Tx STM-16 Rx STM-16 Tx STM-16 Rx STM-16 Tx STM-16 Rx STM-16 Tx STM-16 Rx STM-16 Tx STM-16 Rx STM-16 Tx STM-16 Rx STM-16 Tx STM-16 Rx STM-16 Tx STM-16 Rx STM-16 Tx STM-16 Rx STM-16 Tx STM-16 Rx STM-16 Tx STM-16 Rx STM-16 Tx STM-16 Rx

64. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 66 APJC Optical Sales • DWDM systems use optical devices to combine the output of several optical transmitters Optical fiber pair TX Optical transmitters Optical receivers TX TX TX RX RX RX RX Transmission DWDM devices

65. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 67 APJC Optical Sales • Multiple traffic channels on a fiber pair • Each channel transmitted on a different wavelength/color prevents channel interference and allows them to be separated at the receiving end • 40 x 2.5 Gbps channels, 2 fibers STM-16 Tx STM-16 Tx STM-16 Tx STM-16 Tx STM-16 Tx STM-16 Tx STM-16 Tx STM-16 Tx STM-16 Rx STM-16 Rx STM-16 Rx STM-16 Rx STM-16 Rx STM-16 Rx STM-16 Rx STM-16 Rx STM-16 Tx STM-16 Tx STM-16 Tx STM-16 Tx STM-16 Tx STM-16 Tx STM-16 Tx STM-16 Tx STM-16 Rx STM-16 Rx STM-16 Rx STM-16 Rx STM-16 Rx STM-16 Rx STM-16 Rx STM-16 Rx STM-16 Tx STM-16 Tx STM-16 Tx STM-16 Tx STM-16 Tx STM-16 Tx STM-16 Tx STM-16 Tx STM-16 Rx STM-16 Rx STM-16 Rx STM-16 Rx STM-16 Rx STM-16 Rx STM-16 Rx STM-16 Rx STM-16 Rx STM-16 Rx STM-16 Rx STM-16 Rx STM-16 Rx STM-16 Rx STM-16 Rx STM-16 Rx STM-16 Tx STM-16 Tx STM-16 Tx STM-16 Tx STM-16 Tx STM-16 Tx STM-16 Tx STM-16 Tx

66. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 68 APJC Optical Sales DWDM CWDM Application Long Haul Metro Amplifiers Typically EDFAs Almost Never # Channels Up to 80 Up to 8 Channel Spacing 0.4 nm 20nm Distance Up to 3000km Up to 80km Spectrum 1530nm to 1565nm 1270nm to 1610nm Filter Technology Intelligent Passive

67. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 69 APJC Optical Sales 1530.33 nm 1553.86 nm 0.80 nm 195.9 THz 193.0 THz 100 GHz 1530.33 nm 1553.86 nm 0.40 nm 195.9 THz 193.0 THz 50 GHz • ITU-T l grids are based on 191.7 THz + 100 GHz or + 50 GHz • It is a standard for the channels in DWDM systems l Wavelength  Frequency 100GHz Grid 50GHz Grid l Wavelength  Frequency

68. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 70 APJC Optical Sales Transponder (O-E-O) ROADM OADM OA OA Rx Tx Direct interface (IPoDWDM) To client devices Mux/Demux Mux/Demux Transponder (O-E-O) Animated slide

69. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 71 APJC Optical Sales Commons Chassis Power Supplies Processors Optical Service Channel Layer 0 Transport ROADMs Multiplexers / Demultiplexers Amplifiers, DCU Layer 1+ Transport Transponders Muxponders Xponders (L2)

70. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 72 APJC Optical Sales • 40/80 Wavelength DWDM Metro, Regional, Long Haul scalability Widely deployed across Carrier, Enterprise, Government, & Education customers • ROADM Leadership Leader Worldwide Market Share Any Fiber Topology (mesh, ring, linear, etc…) Any-to-Any Wavelength Provisioning • Service Flexibility Transponder based Wavelengths Router/Switch based Wavelengths Muxponder L1 Aggregation Xponder L2 Aggregation and Services • Automation and Intelligence Automated turn-up, Automated Power Control Advanced GUI, feature rich performance monitoring

71. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 73 APJC Optical Sales Point to Point Physical Ring Wavelength Mesh Physical Ring Wavelength Hub & Spoke Protected Point to Point Physical Mesh Wavelength Mesh Dark Fiber DWDM Wavelengths Animated slide

72. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 74 APJC Optical Sales Client (router, switch, etc.) Multiplexer / Demultiplexer RX TX to next site This is a simple and effective solution if…  Distance is less than ~60km  Client devices support DWDM interfaces  Client protection (layer 2, layer 3 failover mechanism) is acceptable  Topology is point-to-point only

73. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 75 APJC Optical Sales Client (router, switch, etc.) Multiplexer / Demultiplexer RX TX TX RX TX RX ‘Sponder Services require Transponding, Muxponding, or Xponding ONS Chassis Amplifier(s) Distance and/or loss is too high for passive ONS Chassis same chassis Services Require Layer 1 (sub-50ms) Protection One ONS 15454 chassis handles any or all of these features RX TX to next site Animated slide

74. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 76 APJC Optical Sales Point to Point Physical Ring Wavelength Mesh Physical Ring Wavelength Hub & Spoke Protected Point to Point Physical Mesh Wavelength Mesh Dark Fiber DWDM Wavelengths Animated slide

75. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 77 APJC Optical Sales Client (router, switch, etc.) Multiplexer / Demultiplexer RX TX TX RX TX RX ‘Sponder Services require Transponding, Muxponding, or Xponding ONS Chassis ROADM Physical Network Topology is a Ring (3+ nodes) or a Mesh ONS Chassis Amplifier(s) Distance and/or loss is too high for passive ONS Chassis same chassis Services Require Layer 1 (sub-50ms) Protection One ONS 15454 chassis handles any or all of these features to next site Animated slide

76. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 78 APJC Optical Sales Traditional OADM Reconfigurable OADM pass-thru path add/drop path A fixed number of channels A fixed set of channels Any number of channels (0 to 40/80) Any set of channels, directional Physical Ring Only (2 Degree) Physical Ring (2D) or Mesh (Multi-Degree) Animated slide

77. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 79 APJC Optical Sales Fixed or Banded Filter Architecture Traffic Topology is Fixed Difficult to Upgrade ? ROADM Architecture Traffic Topology is Fully Flexible (Any-to-Any) Non-Disruptive Service Additions Animated slide

78. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 80 APJC Optical Sales 40ch 2-Degree • iPLC Technology • 40 Channels • Lower insertion loss than 32WSS 32ch 2-Degree • iPLC Technology • 32 Channels • Industry’s first widely deployed ROADM Legacy Two Degrees 80-WXC • 9x1 3D MEMS WSS • Core of Mesh ROADM Node • 80 Channels – 8 Degrees • Add degrees in-service 40-WXC • 9x1 3D MEMS WSS • Core of Mesh ROADM Node • 40 Channels – 8 Degrees • Add degrees in-service Multi-Degree SMR-2 • ROADM + Integrated Pre & Post Amp • Significant Cabling Reduction • 50% Space & Power Reduction • 40 Channels – 4 Degrees SMR-1 • ROADM & Integrated Pre-Amp • Significant Cabling Reduction • 45% Space & Power Reduction • 40 Channels – 2 Degrees Single Module Animated slide

79. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 81 APJC Optical Sales 8 Degrees • 40 Channels • 80 Channels • Colorless A/D option 4 Degrees • 40 Channels • Extremely compact, single slot • Integrated Pre/Post EDFAs 2 Degrees • 40 Channels • Very compact, single slot • Integrated Pre-EDFA Animated slide

80. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 82 APJC Optical Sales • EDFA, ROADM, OSA combined • Only one slot required per degree • 4-Degree and cost- optimized 2-Degree versions • Very few fibers required, minimize complexity • Thousands in service EDFA ROADM OSA

81. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 83 APJC Optical Sales • Form Factor 40ch ROADM + Amplifiers in a single slot card Leaves room for service line cards and for ROADM in smaller footprints • Price-Point Allows for ROADM anywhere (and everywhere) Pay-As-You-Grow pricing option • Simplicity Very few fibers required • Two Versions: 40ch 4-Degree ROADM ROADM + Pre + Booster Amplifiers 40ch 2-Degree ROADM ROADM + Pre-Amplifier

82. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 84 APJC Optical Sales • Total number of line cards for 40ch ROADM 2D Optical Layer: 2 • Total number of cables for 40ch ROADM Optical Layer*: 6 • Total number of optical layer devices (line card + passive): 4 15454-M6 MD-40 15454-M6 MD-40 outside plant outside plant All amplifiers are internal to the ROADM

83. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 85 APJC Optical Sales Local Add/Drop Direction B To Next Site Direction B To Next Site Direction A MD-40 Express Wavelengths MD-40 MD-40 MD-40 To Next Site Direction D To Next Site Direction C Local Add/Drop Direction A Mesh Patch Panel

84. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 86 APJC Optical Sales Omni-Directional – ROADM ports are not direction specific (re-route does not require fiber move) Colorless – ROADM ports are not frequency specific (re-tuned laser does not require fiber move) 40-WXC 80-WXC SMR-2 80-WXC

85. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 87 APJC Optical Sales 15454 MSTP Embedded Optical Intelligence Tunable Laser – Transmit laser can be provisioned to any frequency in the C-band (96 channels) Colorless – ROADM ports are not frequency specific (re-tuned laser does not require fiber move) Tunable Receiver – Coherent receiver can select one wavelength among a composite signal (no demux needed) Omni-Directional – ROADM ports are not direction specific (re-route does not require fiber move) Contention-less - Same frequency can be added/dropped from multiple ports on same device. Flex Spectrum – Ability to provision the amount of spectrum allocated to wavelength(s) allowing for 400G and 1T channels. WSON Wavelength Switched Optical Network Complete Control in Software, No Physical Intervention Required

87. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 89 APJC Optical Sales 0dBm –5dBm –25dBm –30dBm Transponder Spec Speed 2.5G Transmit Power 0 dBm Receive Power -28 dBm Dispersion Tolerance 1600 ps/nm OSNR Tolerance 21dB Fiber Type SMF-28 Distance 120 km Loss per KM .25 dB Dispersion 16.7 ps/nm*km Outside of spec

88. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 90 APJC Optical Sales 0dBm –20dBm –25dBm -9dBm +5dBm Transponder Spec Speed 2.5G Transmit Power 0 dBm Receive Power -28 dBm Dispersion Tolerance 1600 ps/nm OSNR Tolerance 21dB Fiber Type SMF-28 Distance 120 km Loss per KM .25 dB Dispersion 16.7 ps/nm*km EDFA Input Power -9 dBm Output Power +5 dBm Gain 11 dB Noise Figure 6 dB

89. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 91 APJC Optical Sales 0ps/nm 334ps/nm 1670ps/nm 2004ps/nm Transponder Spec Speed 2.5G Transmit Power 0 dBm Receive Power -28 dBm Dispersion Tolerance 1600 ps/nm OSNR Tolerance 21dB Fiber Type SMF-28 Distance 120 km Loss per KM .25 dB Dispersion 16.7 ps/nm*km Outside of spec

90. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 92 APJC Optical Sales DCF Compensation 1950 ps/nm Loss 10 dB +0dBm 334ps/nm –20dBm 1670ps/nm –9dBm +5dBm 0ps/nm –25dBm 2004ps/nm –35dBm 54ps/nm Transponder Spec Speed 2.5G Transmit Power 0 dBm Receive Power -28 dBm Dispersion Tolerance 1600 ps/nm OSNR Tolerance 21dB Fiber Type SMF-28 Distance 120 km Loss per KM .25 dB Dispersion 16.7 ps/nm*km EDFA Input Power -9 dBm Output Power +5 dBm Gain 11 dB Noise Figure 6 dB

91. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 93 APJC Optical Sales DCF Compensation 1950 ps/nm Loss 10 dB +0dBm 334ps/nm –20dBm 1670ps/nm –9dBm +5dBm 0ps/nm –25dBm 2004ps/nm –15dBm 54ps/nm Transponder Spec Speed 2.5G Transmit Power 0 dBm Receive Power -28 dBm Dispersion Tolerance 1600 ps/nm OSNR Tolerance 21dB Fiber Type SMF-28 Distance 120 km Loss per KM .25 dB Dispersion 16.7 ps/nm*km EDFA 2 Input Power -35 dBm Output Power -15 dBm Gain 20 dB Noise Figure 6 dB Noise OSNR 16.9 dB Outside of spec

92. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 94 APJC Optical Sales DCF Compensation 1950 ps/nm Loss 10 dB Option #1 +0dBm 334ps/nm –20dBm 1670ps/nm –9dBm +5dBm 0ps/nm –20dBm 2004ps/nm –15dBm 54ps/nm Transponder Spec Speed 2.5G Transmit Power 0 dBm Receive Power -28 dBm Dispersion Tolerance 1600 ps/nm OSNR Tolerance 21dB Fiber Type SMF-28 Distance 120 km Loss per KM .25 dB Dispersion 16.7 ps/nm*km RAMAN Gain 5 dB Noise Figure 0 dB Noise OSNR 21.9 dB Add RAMAN

93. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 95 APJC Optical Sales DCF Compensation 1950 ps/nm Loss 10 dB Option #2 +0dBm 334ps/nm –20dBm 1670ps/nm –9dBm +5dBm 0ps/nm –25dBm 2004ps/nm –15dBm 54ps/nm Transponder Spec Speed 2.5G Transmit Power 0 dBm Receive Power -28 dBm Dispersion Tolerance 1600 ps/nm OSNR Tolerance (E-FEC) 12 dB Fiber Type SMF-28 Distance 120 km Loss per KM .25 dB Dispersion 16.7 ps/nm*km Noise OSNR 16.9 dB Add FEC to Transponder to improve ONSR Tolerance

95. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 97 APJC Optical Sales • Following options are available today:  Passive Point-to-Point Architecture (CWDM or DWDM)  Active* Point-to-Point Architecture (DWDM only)  Active* Ring and Mesh Architectures (DWDM only) • CWDM systems usually limited to passive solutions and short spans due to performance limitation, protections usually performed on client side • DWDM systems provide much better performance and scalability, protection and restoration capabilities is available in DWDM system * Active mean’s management and control capability ** Reference values as actual performance depends on configuration and performance of optical interfaces Topology Mode Technology Single span Optical budget ** Single span distance ** System capacity Traffic protection P2P Passive CWDM 20 dB 80 Km 8 x 2.5G only on client equipment P2P Passive DWDM 15 dB 60 Km 4 x 100G 1+1, Y-cable, PSM P2P Passive DWDM 12.5 dB 50 Km 8 x 100G 1+1, Y-cable, PSM P2P Passive DWDM 8 dB 30 Km 40 x 100G 1+1, Y-cable, PSM P2P Active DWDM > 30 dB > 130 Km 80 x 100G 1+1, Y-cable, PSM Ring / Mesh Active DWDM > 30 dB > 130 Km 80 x 100G 1+1, Y-cable, PSM, Restoration

96. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 98 APJC Optical Sales • DataCenter / SAN extension uses dedicated optical fibers • Scale limited to optical fiber availability, as separate pair of fiber required to add additional capacity • Protection performed at application level and need to have diverse optical paths • Distances are usually short due to optical performance limitations Core Site Remote Site Metro Area Campus Network Control and Legacy TDM, Voice, Etc. TDM, Voice, Etc. Control and Legacy Branch Network Service Provider Direct fiber connection is required. The same optical cable or diverse paths are used. Data Center Data Center

97. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 99 APJC Optical Sales • CWDM or DWDM passive devices can be used to improve optical fiber use, as many channels can be transported in single optical fiber at the same time • Distances are limited by optical performance of optical interfaces • Interface protection can be done, path protection require diverse optical path Core Site Remote Site Metro Area Campus Network Control and Legacy TDM, Voice, Etc. Branch Network Service Provider Data Center Data Center TDM, Voice, Etc. Control and Legacy Single pair of optical fiber CWDM or DWDM optical MUX/DEMUX Colored interfaces are used on client equipment

98. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 100 APJC Optical Sales • In DWDM systems Optical Service Channel (OSC) can be added to control optical fiber loss, perform management automation as well to provide management access to remote site Core Site Remote Site Metro Area Campus Network Control and Legacy TDM, Voice, Etc. Branch Network Service Provider Data Center Data Center TDM, Voice, Etc. Control and Legacy Optical Service Channel perform span loss measurement and enable management connectivity between nodes O S C O S C

99. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 101 APJC Optical Sales • PSM module measure power level of signal and perform protection switching in case if power level falls beyond specified threshold. • Provide simplest optical protection solution • Unit introduce significant amount of attenuation as result in many cases optical amplification is required Core Site Remote Site Metro Area Campus Network Control and Legacy TDM, Voice, Etc. Branch Network Service Provider Data Center Data Center TDM, Voice, Etc. Control and Legacy PSM Provide simplest protection against fiber cuts O S C O S C P S M P S M

100. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 102 APJC Optical Sales • CWDM or DWDM passive devices can be used to improve optical fiber use, as many channels can be transported in single optical fiber at the same time • Distances are limited by optical performance of optical interfaces • Both port protection and part protection are available, protection switching performed on client side Core Site Remote Site Metro Area Campus Network Control and Legacy TDM, Voice, Etc. Branch Network Service Provider Data Center TDM, Voice, Etc. Control and Legacy Data Center Diverse optical paths can be used for protection, protection switching performed on client equipment O S C O S C O S C O S C

101. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 103 APJC Optical Sales • WDM Transponders can be used to:  Connect devices which doesn’t support CWDM or DWDM interfaces  Aggregate multiple client signals into single optical channel  Gain improvement in optical performance (extend reach)  Perform optical protection switching with guaranteed sub 50 ms connection recovery Core Site Remote Site Metro Area Campus Network Control and Legacy TDM, Voice, Etc. Branch Network Service Provider TDM, Voice, Etc. Control and Legacy Transponder’s can be used to achieve sub 50ms protection switching between two optical paths T X P T X P Data Center Data Center T X P T X P O S C O S C O S C O S C

102. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 104 APJC Optical Sales • Optical amplification can be added to extend distance between sites in cases when distance or fiber loss are too high for passive system. • Together with OSC amplifiers are able to automatically adjust to changes in fiber loss without need to manually change settings in the system Core Site Remote Site Metro Area Campus Network Control and Legacy TDM, Voice, Etc. Branch Network Service Provider TDM, Voice, Etc. Control and Legacy Optical amplification can significantly extend reach of DWDM systems. Single span can reach 250-300km. T X P T X P Data Center Data Center T X P T X P O S C O S C O S C O S C

103. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 105 APJC Optical Sales • Use of ROADM allow to support ring architectures and most used configuration today in DWDM networks due to simplicity and easy to use together with scale options • High level of integration allow to have all necessary components (OPM, Amplifiers) in single card, providing compact and simple for management solution • Can be upgraded/extended to cover more advanced configurations or topologies Core Site Remote Site Metro Area Campus Network Control and Legacy TDM, Voice, Etc. Branch Network Service Provider TDM, Voice, Etc. Control and Legacy ROADM allow to support ring topologies with possibility to bypass channels without patching T X P T X P Data Center Data Center T X P T X P O S C O S C O S C O S C

104. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 106 APJC Optical Sales • In Regional / LH DWDM networks Transponders or IPoDWDM cards are used to meet performance requirements and support error-free transmission on long distances • OSC is required to provide access to intermediate optical amplification (OLA) sites • EDFA and Raman amplifiers are used for optical signal amplification • No generic designs as any design is unique and depends on specific customer requirements Core Site Remote Site Metro Area Campus Network Control and Legacy TDM, Voice, Etc. Branch Network Service Provider TDM, Voice, Etc. Control and Legacy Intermidiate amplification sites are controlled via OSC and support efficient transmission of the signal T X P T X P Data Center Data Center T X P T X P O S C O S C O S C O S C O S C O S C O S C O S C O S C O S C

105. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 107 APJC Optical Sales • Flexible Optical Transport Flexible Service Options – Any Service, Anywhere Low Latency Optical Network Architecture L2+ Services, L1 Wavelength Services, Encryption Carrier Class Quality and Reliability Simplified Management and Planning Tools Virtually Unlimited Bandwidth & Scale • Industry leading 100G Solution • Industry Leader in Packet + DWDM Convergence • Industry’s Most Compact ROADM Solution • End to End Management with Cisco Prime

106. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 108 APJC Optical Sales Closing Today we have discussed  Why DWDM?  Optical Basics  DWDM Technology  Optical Transmission Systems Network Design  Reference architectures

107. Thank you.

383934148-DWDM-101-Introduction-to-DWDM-2-pdf.pdf

383934148-DWDM-101-Introduction-to-DWDM-2-pdf.pdf

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot(20)

Similar to 383934148-DWDM-101-Introduction-to-DWDM-2-pdf.pdf

Similar to 383934148-DWDM-101-Introduction-to-DWDM-2-pdf.pdf(20)

More from Mohamedshabana38

More from Mohamedshabana38(20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded(20)

383934148-DWDM-101-Introduction-to-DWDM-2-pdf.pdf