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Computer system.pptx
1. By:M.R.M Nowfeek
MCS(SL),MSc in IT, BSc in MIT, BSc in IT, HNDE,BTEC ,ICDL
Certified Trainer :IPICT/ASAP/EPASS
Dip in ICT , Dip IT , Dip in Hardware & Networking
CC 1102-Information and
Communication Technology 1
2. What is a Computer?
A computer is an electronic device, operating under
the control of instructions stored in its own memory
unit,
which can accept and store data
(e.g. data entered using a keyboard),
perform arithmetic and logical operations on that
data without human intervention and
(e.g. process data into information)
produce output from the processing
(e.g. view information on the screen).
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4. Data
Raw material for computer processing for
example, numbers, text, images, and sounds,
in a form that is suitable for storage or
processing by a computer.
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5. Information
Computer data that has been organized and
presented in a systematic fashion to clarify the
underlying meaning.
No of Students in Class A= 47
No of Students in Class B= 40
No of Students in Class C= 39
No of Students in Class D= 28
No of Students in Class E= 51
No of Students in Class F= 32
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8. Liveware
Users
Hardware
Tangible/physical components
Software
Programs and data
Firmware
Embedded instructions into electronic devices
Computer System - Components
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9. Hard ware
The physical components of the computer system that
can be touched and tangible called as “Hardware” it can
be classified into 04 parts.
1) Input Devices
2) Output Devices
3) CPU (Central Processing Unit)/ Processor
4) Storage Devices.
Hardware
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10. Input devices
An input device is any device that provides input to a
computer
There are wide variety of input device to input data, text,
graphic, image, and font
Where the User enters data and programs into the computer
Peripheral devices that are used to enter commands or
information into a computer.
Eg: - Key board, Mouse,, Light pan, Micro phone, Digital
Camera, Barcode Reader, Web camera ,Touch – pad , Joy
stick , Track boll
Input devices
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11. Output devices
Output devices are any piece of computer
hardware equipment used to communicate the
results of data processing system to the outside
world.
Where the information and program will be shown to
the user
Any machine capable of representing information
from a computer. This includes display screens
Output devices
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12. Monitor
Printer
Speaker
Plotter ( large Printer high Quality documents)
Projector
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13. Input and Output devices
Hard disk
Modem
Pen drive
Floppy disk
CD and DVD
Input and Output devices
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14. Processor / CPU
Interprets and executes program instructions.
Communicates with all other hardware
components.
Performs the Arithmetic, Logical and relational
operations
The “brain” of the computer.
The heart of computer system it consists of Alu, Control,
elements, and small memory units called registers
Processor/CPU(Central Processing Unit)
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16. Control unit
The control unit controls the flow of information and instructs
the computer how to carry out programme instructions.
This is never center of the computer, controlling all other
hardware operations, eg: those of input, output units,
Storage and the processor itself. it gets the required
instructions and causes the instructions to be executed by
giving signals / commands to the appropriate hardware
devices.
Control Unit
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17. The control unit (CU) is a component of a
computer's central processing unit (CPU) that directs
operation of the processor. It tells the computer's
memory, arithmetic/logic unit and input and output
devices how to respond to a program's instructions.
It directs the operation of the other units by providing
timing and control signals Most computer resources
are managed by the CU .It directs the flow of data
between the CPU and the other devices.
Control Unit
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18. This part of the CPU is the one that is in charge of all the
operations being carried out.
- It is responsible to direct the system to execute
instructions.
- It helps in communication between the memory and the
arithmetic logical unit.
- It also aids in the loading of data and instructions
residing in the secondary memory to the main memory as
required.
Control Unit
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19. This has two main functions. It carries out the Arithmetic's
Eg: Add +
Subtract –
Multiply x
Divide.
It also performs certain logical operations.
Eg: Comparison of two numbers to determine which one
is greater.
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
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20. - The ALU is responsible for performing all logical and
arithmetic operations.
- Some of the arithmetic operations are as follows: addition,
subtraction, multiplication and division.
- Some of the logical operations are as follows: comparison
between numbers, letter and or special characters.
- The ALU is also responsible for the following conditions:
Equal-to conditions, Less-than condition and greater than
condition.
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
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21. In a computer, a register is one of a small
set of data holding places that are part of
a computer processor . A register may
hold a computer instruction , a storage
address, or any kind of data (such as a bit
sequence or individual characters). Some
instructions specify registers as part of
the instruction.
Register
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22. REGISTERS
Register is a special memory used by the CPU for
temporarily storing data during execution of
instruction
Instruction Decoder
It is a device which interprets the instruction to be
executed.
Programmer Counter (PC)
It holds the address of next instruction to be
executed.
Instruction Register (IR)
It holds the instruction being executed.
Process Status Register
It holds “processor bit" about operation done by
ALU.
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24. Storage Devices
Computer Storage is a hardware media and devices used to
store data permanently or temporarily in the Computer
System.
Internal /Main/Primary storage devices
RAM – ( Random access memory )
ROM - ( Read-only memory )
Storage Devices
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25. Computer store temporary data in the
RAM (Random Access Memory)
When the computer is switched off, all
the data is cleared from the RAM.
This type of memory is called volatile
because it only stores the data whilst
the computer is switched on.
RAM- Random Access Memory
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26. This type of memory is called non-volatile
because it retains the data.
Data stored in ROM remains there even
when the computers is switched off.
ROM can be found
on the motherboard.
ROM- Read Only Memory
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27. RAM is Random Access Memory.
ROM is Read Only Memory.
RAM is the memory available for the operating system,
programs and processes to use when the computer is
running.
ROM is the memory that comes with your computer that
is pre-written to hold the instructions for booting-up the
computer.
What is the Difference Between RAM and
ROM?
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28. RAM requires a flow of electricity to retain
data (e.g. the computer powered on).
ROM will retain data without the flow of
electricity (e.g. when computer is powered
off).
What is the Difference Between RAM and
ROM?
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29. RAM is a type of volatile memory. Data in RAM
is not permanently written. When you power
off your computer the data stored in RAM is
deleted.
ROM is a type of non- volatile memory. Data in
ROM is permanently written and is not erased
when you power off your computer.
What is the Difference Between RAM and
ROM?
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30. There are different types of RAM,
including DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory)
and SRAM (Static Random Access Memory).
There are different types of ROM,
including PROM (programmable read-only
memory) that is manufactured as blank memory
(e.g. a CD-ROM) and EPROM (erasable
programmable read-only memory).
What is the Difference Between RAM and
ROM?
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31. There are many differences between RAM and
ROM memory but there are also a couple
similarities (and these are very easy to
remember). Both types of memory used by a
computer, and they are both required for your
computer to operate properly and efficiently.
What is the Difference Between RAM and
ROM?
M.R.M.Nowfeek
