This document provides information about the Mughal emperor Humayun. It discusses his reign from 1530 to 1540 and again from 1555 to 1556. It describes some of his architectural contributions, including the Kachpura Mosque in Agra and structures within his capital complex in Delhi called Din Panah, including the Talaqi Darwaza, Bara Darwaza, and Humayun Darwaza gates. It also provides details about Humayun's tomb in Delhi, the first example of Mughal architecture, commissioned by his wife Haji Begum after his death in 1556.
2. HISTORY AND BIO
NAME : HUMAYUN NASIR UD DIN
MUHAMMAD
BIRTH : 6 MARCH 1508
DEATH :27 JAN 1556
REIGN : 1530-1540 AND 1555-1556
CONTRIBUTIONS : KACHPURA
MOSQUE, TALAQI DARWAZA,
BARA DARWAZA, HUMAYUN
DARWAZA
3. REIGN AND WARS
REVOLT OF THEIR BROTHERS AGAINST HIM
RIVAL KINGS : SHER SHAH SURI, SULTAN
BAHADUR
DEFEATED IN 1540 BY SHER SHAH SURI
WITH THE AID OF SAFAVID DYNASTY OF
PERSIA THE MUGHALS RECONQUERED THEIR
KINGDOM BACK UNDER HUMAYUN IN 1555
4. KACHPURA MOSQUE
IN THE VILLAGE OF KACHPURA IN AGRA ON
THE LEFT BANK OF RIVER YAMUNA
IT WAS CONSTRUCTED IN 1530
A BEAUTIFUL FIVE ARCHED STRUCTURE WITH
A HIGH IWAN WHICH CONCEALS THE DOME
ON TOP
DOME IS SUPPORTED ON KITE SHAPED
PENDENTIVES AND NET SQUINCHES
FAÇADE WAS ONCE ADORNED WITH GLAZED
TILES
5.
6. KACHPURA MOSQUE
IT IS THE COPY OF TIMURID STYLE MOSQUE
BUILT OF BRICKS AND PLASTERED WITH
MORTAR
USAGE OF DECORATIVE PATTERNS ARE RARE
IN GENERAL PLAN, IT RESEMBLES BABUR
PANIPUT MOSQUE
7. DIN PANAH
BUILT IN 1533, DELHI
MASSIVE STONE BASTIONS GUARD THE
WESTERN ENTRANCE
IT HAS AN ARCHED DOORWAY, DWARFED BY
ITS THICK FORTY FEET HIGH WALLS
THERE ARE THREE GATES: NORTH TALAQI
GATE, WEST BARA GATE AND SOUTH
HUMAYUN GATE
9. TALAQI DARWAZA
TALAQI WAS A THREE STOREY ROUND IN THE
FORM OF THE GATE WITH THE DEFENSIVE
WALLS
WITH HISTORICAL LONG DOOR
SIDES OF THE GATE DECORATED WITH LOTUS
BUDS
MAINLY THE GATE WAS DECORATED WITHRED
SANDSTONE ARCH OVER THE CORNER
WALLS
WHITE MARBLE, RED SANSTONE, BLACK
STONE, AND COLOURED MARBLES WERE
USED
10. TALAQI DARWAZA
BEAUTY OF THE GATE LIES IN THE ERECTED
STATUE OF LION MADE OF WHITE MARBLE AT
THE TOP OF THE GATE
A GLANCE INTO THE LION SYMBOL ABSTRACT
ANIMAL RESEMBLING THE SHAPE OF HORSE
CONSTRUCTION OF THIS GATE WAS NOT
DONE SHER SHAH BUT BY HUMAYUN AND
COMPLETED IN1534
11. BARA DARWAZA
WESTERN GATE OF DIN PANAH
BUILT WITH RED SANDSTONE IN A SIMPLER
MANNER
TOP OF THE GATE IS DECORATED WITH
COLORFUL PATTERNS
THE GATE IS COVERED WITH WHITE MARBLE
CORNERS ARE ARTICULATED WITH LOTUS
BUDS
BLACK STONE WAS USED FOR DECORATION
FLORAL PATTERNS ARE MADE WITH BLACK
STONE AS DECORATION
12. HUMAYUN DARWAZA
SOUTHERN GATE OF DIN PANAH
COMBINED STYLE OF ABOVE TWO GATES
INSIDE THE GATE IT CONSISTS OF THREE
FLOORS, EACH FLOOR WITH LIVING ROOM,
HALL, CORRIDOR, AND STAIRS CONNECTING
THEM
WALL IS MADE OF CRUSHED STONES
FINE ART WORK IS OBSERVED HERE
13. HUMAYUN’S TOMB
ONE OF THE EARLIEST EXAMPLES OF
MUGHAL ARCHITECTURE
CONSTRUCTED BY HIS WIFE HAJI BEGUM,
LATER 1556
SITUATED AT THE SOUTH OF THE PURANA
QILA, EASTERN DELHI
SET IN THE CENTER OF THE GARDEN IN THE
CLASSICAL MUGHAL CHAR BAGH GARDEN
A HIGH WALL SURROUNDS THE GARDEN ON
THREE SIDES
THE GARDEN IS DIVIDED INTO FOUR PARTS
BY BISECTING WATER CHANNELS
18. HUMAYUN’S TOMB
REASON FOR THE SELECTION OF THIS SITE
WAS ONCE EXISTED RESIDENCE OF HAZRAT
NIZAMMUDDIN AULIYA
EASY AVAILABILITY OF MATERIALS ,
ARTESIANS AND SKILLED LABOURS ARE ALSO
THE REASON FOR SELECTION OF THIS SITE
IT IS CLOSE TO THE RIVER YAMUNA
19. HUMAYUN’ S TOMB
IT IS A THREE TIERED QUADRANGULAR
STRUCTURE HAVING STEPS ON ALL SIDES
AND CIRCULAR DOME ABOVE THE THIRD
PLINTH
IT IS A SQUARE NINEFOLD PLAN
EIGHT TWO STOREYED VAULTED CHAMBERS
RADIATE FROM THE CENTRAL, DOUBLE
HEIGHT, DOMED CHAMBER
THE SYMMETRICAL GROUND PLAN CONTAINS
124 VAULTED CHAMBERS
20. HUMAYUN’S TOMB
THE CENTRAL OCTAGONAL SPACE HAS THE
CENOTAPH OF HUMAYUN
ARCHED LOBBIES ON THEIR SIDES
OPENINGS ARE CLOSED WITH PERFORATED
SCREENS
CENTRAL HALL HAS EIGHT ALCOVES ONE ON
EITHER SIDE
DIVIDED INTO TWO STOREYED ELEVATION
21. HUMAYUN’ TOMB
THE THIRD STOREY
ABOVE THEM HAS JALI
OPENINGS
THREE EMPHATIC
ARCHES DOMINATE ON
EACH SIDE
ROOF SURMOUNTED BY
A 42.5 M HIGH DOUBLE
DOME WITH MARBLE
PILLARED KIOSKS ARE
PLACED AROUND IT
22. HUMAYUN’S TOMB
DOUBLE LAYERED DOME
OUTER LAYER SUPPORTS THE WHITE
MARBLE EXTERIOR FACING
THE TOP OF ITS DOME REACHES 140 FEET
FROM THE GROUND
THIS ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN IS KNOWN AS
HASHT BIHISHT(EIGHT PARADISE) AND IS A
TYPICAL OF IRANIAN BUILDINGS FROM THE
TIME OF TIMUR THE LAME
23. HUMAYUN’S TOMB
SARCOPHAGUS OF
HUMAYUN IS IN THE
CENTRAL DOMED
CHAMBER
HEAD POINTING
NORTH-WEST
FACING ACCORDING
TO ISLAMIC
PRACTISE
BLACK MARBLE IS
USED TO RELIEVE
MONOTONY
24. HUMAYUN’S TOMB
WESTERN GATEWAY IS
16M HIGH
ROOMS ON EACH SIDE
FLANK THE CENTRAL
PASSAGE
UPPER FLOOR HAS SMALL
COURTYARD
EACH SIDE IS CROWNED
BY A SQUARE CHATRI
COMPOSED OF JALIED
BALUSTRADE, SLENDER
PILLAR, WHITE MARBLE
CUPOLA
25. HUMAYUN’S TOMB
SOUTHERN GATE IS
DOUBLE STOREYED
LOCAL QUARTZITE WITH
RED SANDSTONE IS
USED
WHITE MARBLE IS USED
ON ALL PROMINENT
OUTLINE
A SCREEN OF ARCHES
ATTACHED THE
GATEWAY ON EITHER
SIDE AT AN INCLINED
ANGLE