The anatomical aspects and pathophysiology of the disorders that are related to the cerebellum

1. Cerebellum
Mohamed Elsayed Elsebaey
Neurosurgery Registrar
Egypt, Ismailia
Ministry of Health
Seba3y700025@gmail.com
Mohamed E Elsebaey

2. History
Herophilos
335–280 or 255 BC. Anatomist. Alexandria
Aristotle
384 – 322 BC. Greek philosopher and scientist born
in the Macedonian
------------------------------------------ then
Thomas Willis,1664, English Anatomist
Jean Pierre Flourens, 1800, French physiologist
----------------------------------------- then
1st half of 20th century

3. Posterior cranial fossa
• 1/8 of the intracranial space
• Regulating
1. Consciousness
2. Vital autonomic functions
3. Motor & Sensory reception
4. Controlling gait and balance

5. • Through the tentorium incisura
Communicates with the supratentorial spaces
• Through the foramen magnum
 Communicates with spinal cord

6. Intracranial surface of posterior fossa
is penetrated by
• Jugular foramen
Cr. Ns IX, X, and XI & IJV
• Internal acoustic meatus
Cr. N. VII, VIII, and the labyrinthine artery (an internal auditory
branch of the basilar artery).
& the vestibular ganglion « scarpa ganglion « october 1772
• Hypoglossal canal
Cr. N. XII
• Vestibular & cochlear aqueducts
• Several venous emissary foramina

7. .
• Site
Lies in posterior fossa on the occipital bone posteriorly &
close to the mastoid air cells anteriorly
Separated : occipital lobe by the tentorium &
the pons and midbrain by the 4th vent.
It is related to Dural sinus, especially sigmoid sinuses.

8. Surfaces
• The surface is named by the structure it
faces, to make the description more
applicable
• Surfaces :
Tentorium surface, faces tentorium
Suboccipital surface, between the sigmoid &
transverse sinuses
Petrosal surface, faces the post. Surface of petrous
bone & retracted to expose the cerebellopotine angle

9. Tentorial surface
.
Brain
stem
Ant. Cereb. Incisura
Lateral angle
Posterolaterally
Post. Cereb. Incisura
Falx
Anteromedial
Anteromedial margin
Anterolateral margin
Anterior Angle

10. The anterior border
Lateral part
that parallel to
Sup. Petrosal sinus
Medial part
that faces
Midbrain

14. Tentorial surface

15. Suboccipital surface

16. We now from anterior position look at the anterior surface of brain stem & cerebellum
Petrosal view

17. Shape, surface, parts

18. Function

34. Cerebellum

35. Anteroinferior view of arterial blood supply

36. Anterolateral view

37. Cerebellum
• Internal structure
1. Outer layer ( grey matter ) Purkinji, granular
2. Inner layer ( white matter )
3. Subcortical collection of grey Nuclei
I. dentate nucleus
II. Emboliform nucleus
III. Globus nucleus
IV. Fastigial nucleus

38. Cerebellum
• Cerebellar Connections:
1. Superior cerebellar peduncle
2. Middle cerebellar peduncle
3. Inferior cerebellar peduncle
let’s mention the fibers inside

40. How to examine ????

42. Developmental anatomical
pathologies
• underdevelopment (hypoplasia) of the
cerebellar vermis is a characteristic of both
Dandy–Walker syndrome
• Herniation of cerebellar tissue, as seen in
some forms of Arnold–Chiari malformation