The document discusses extensive surveillance capabilities of the NSA, highlighting concerns over privacy and the implications of mass data collection on democratic societies. It includes perspectives from various figures, such as Edward Snowden and research on the interplay between governmental and corporate surveillance. The document emphasizes the importance of privacy for creative and constructive thought, warning that fear of monitoring may stifle free expression.

2. "The NSA has built an infrastructure that allows it to intercept
almost everything. With this capability, the vast majority of human
communications are automatically ingested without targeting. If I
wanted to see your emails or your wife's phone, all I have to do is
use intercepts. I can get your emails, passwords, phone records,
credit cards.
"I don't want to live in a society that does these sort of things … I do
not want to live in a world where everything I do and say is
recorded. That is not something I am willing to support or live
under."
Edward Snowden, The Guardian, 10 June 2013
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/09/nsa-whistleblower-edward-snowden-why

3. What is surveillance?

4. “...the focused, systematic and routine attention to
personal details for purposes of influence, management,
protection or direction.”
Lyon, D. (2007). Surveillance studies : an overview. Cambridge UK: Polity.

5. bored | Flickr - Photo Sharing! : taken from - https://www.flickr.com/photos/bhikku/55921364/
Author: Duca di Spinaci https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/

6. “...to induce in the inmate a state of conscious and permanent visibility that
assures the automatic functioning of power. So to arrange things that the
surveillance is permanent in its effects, even if it is discontinuous in its
action; that the perfection of power should tend to render its actual exercise
unnecessary.”
Foucault, M. (1977) Discipline and Punish: the birth of the prison.

7. Control is an Option to Command | Flickr - Photo Sharing! : taken from - https://www.flickr.com/photos/fredcintra/2671822805/
Author: Frederico Cintra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/

8. State surveillance

9. Demonstrations, Strikes, Marches, Processions: suffrage parade, c.1908. | Flickr - Photo Sharing! : taken from - https://www.flickr.com/photos/lselibrary/22678375507/
Author: LSE Library https://www.flickr.com/commons/usage/
In September 1913 the Home Office had ordered that the
photographs of all the suffragette prisoners be taken without
their knowledge.
Detectives compiled photographic lists of key suspects, the aim being to
stop arson attacks, window-smashings or the dramatic scenes of
women chaining themselves to Parliament's railings.

10. In 1967, the President ordered the U.S. Army to
engage in surveillance of domestic dissident groups,
fearing civil disorder in the aftermath of the
assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., 13 November 1964 | Flickr - Photo Sharing! : taken from - https://www.flickr.com/photos/dukeyearlook/4476299675/
Author: Duke University Archives https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/

11. “In a democratic society privacy of communication is essential
if citizens are to think and act creatively and constructively.
Fear or suspicion that one’s speech is being monitored by a
stranger, even without the reality of such activity, can have a
seriously inhibiting effect upon the willingness to voice critical
and constructive ideas.”

12. “In a democratic society privacy of communication is essential
if citizens are to think and act creatively and constructively.
Fear or suspicion that one’s speech is being monitored by a
stranger, even without the reality of such activity, can have a
seriously inhibiting effect upon the willingness to voice critical
and constructive ideas.”
President’s Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice. (1967).
President’s Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice. (1967). The Challenge of Crime in a Free Society, (February), 1–342.
Retrieved from https://www.ncjrs.gov/App/Publications/abstract.aspx?ID=42

13. “[W]hen we engage in democratic argument, the
point of the activity is critically to reflect on
our preferences, to question them, to challenge
them, to enlarge them, to improve them.”
- Michael Sandel
Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00lb6bt

14. “When human beings are scared and feel
everything is exposed to the government, we will
censor ourselves from free thinking. That's
dangerous for human development.”
- Ai Weiwei
theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/jun/11/nsa-surveillance-us-behaving-like-china

15. That is, there are no dangerous thoughts for the
simple reason that thinking itself is such a
dangerous enterprise. . . . nonthinking is even
more dangerous.
- Hannah Arendt
Arendt, H. (2013). Hannah Arendt: The Last Interview. Melville House.

16. “Democracy expresses itself in a continuous and relentless
critique of institutions; democracy is an anarchic, disruptive
element inside the political system: essentially, a force for
dissent and change. One can best recognize a democratic
society by its constant complaints that it is not democratic
enough.”
- Zygmunt Bauman
Zygmunt Bauman (2001), The Individualized Society. London: Polity Press.

17. Voting | Flickr - Photo Sharing! : taken from - https://www.flickr.com/photos/kcivey/480629716/
Author: Keith Ivey https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/

18. The Protest | Flickr - Photo Sharing! : taken from - https://www.flickr.com/photos/croma/7400822350/ Author: Robert Croma https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/

19. Privacy

20. The age of corporate surveillance

21. Deserted Piccadilly Circus with Fast Bus | Flickr - Photo Sharing! : taken from - https://www.flickr.com/photos/jacobsurland/19240618813/
Author: Jacob Surland https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/

24. Harvest | Flickr - Photo Sharing! : taken from - https://www.flickr.com/photos/digimist/20432517610/
Author: Richard Clark (Digimist) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/

25. We are always looking for more ways to deliver you the most
useful and relevant ads - for example, we may use your
Google search queries on the Web, the sites you visit, Google
Profile, +1’s and other Google Account information to show
you more relevant ads in Gmail.
https://support.google.com/mail/answer/6603?hl=en

26. It might seem curious to think of information gathering by private
entities as "surveillance." Notions of surveillance have traditionally
been concerned with the watchful gaze of government actors like police
and prison officials rather than companies and individuals. But in
a postmodern age of "liquid surveillance," the two phenomena are
deeply intertwined. Government and nongovernment surveillance
support each other in a complex manner that is often impossible to
disentangle.
Richards, N. M. (2013). The dangers of surveillance.
Harvard Law Review, 126(7), 1934–1965.

28. “The Department of Defense (DOD) has been interested in
Disney Amusement Parks for decades. Known as Operation
Mickey Mouse, the DOD has been studying Disney’s use of
technology and coercion techniques. The DOD has also been
working in conjunction with Disney to collect information on
Beta testing operations that the popular theme park uses on
their customers.”
Posel, S. (2013). Disney Biometrics and the Department of Defense.
Retrieved from occupycorporatism.com/disney-biometrics-and-the-department-of-defense

29. 21st century surveillance

30. Foggy Evening | Flickr - Photo Sharing! : taken from - https://www.flickr.com/photos/btf5/19377137838/
Author: Barbara Friedman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/

31. Pednvounder Beach | Flickr - Photo Sharing! : taken from - https://www.flickr.com/photos/uglyold/8927411895/
Author: Paul Lester https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/

35. 190 Subsection (9)(f) provides for the retention of internet
connection records. Internet connection records are a record of the
internet services that a specific device connects to – such as a
website or instant messaging application – captured by the
company providing access to the internet. They could be used, for
example, to demonstrate a certain device had accessed an online
communications service but they would not be able to be used to
identify what the individual did on that service. Clause 47 provides
certain restrictions on the acquisition of internet connection records.
Clause 193 provides that in the particular context of web browsing
anything beyond data which identifies the telecommunication service
(e.g. bbc.co.uk) is content.
Home Office (2015). Draft Investigatory Powers Bill. Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/draft-investigatory-powers-bill

36. Encryption technologies

37. But the question is are we going to
allow a means of communications
which it simply isn’t possible to
read. My answer to that question
is: no, we must not.
Special Address: David Cameron gestures | Flickr - Photo Sharing! : taken from - https://www.flickr.com/photos/worldeconomicforum/8410102641/
Author: World Economic Forum https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/
Hope, C. (2015) Spies should be able to monitor all online messaging, says David Cameron. Daily Telegraph
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/internet-security/11340621/Spies-should-be-able-to-monitor-all-online-messaging-
says-David-Cameron.html

38. “It seems like the media was just led
around by the nose by law enforcement.
[They are] taking advantage of a crisis
where encryption hasn’t proven to have a
role. It’s leading us in a less safe direction
at a time when the world needs systems
that are more secure.”
Fung, B. (2015). If government surveillance expands after Paris, the media will be partly to blame. The Washington Post.
Retrieved from: washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2015/11/19/if-government-surveillance-expands-after-paris-
the-press-will-be-partly-to-blame/
Paris | Flickr - Photo Sharing! : taken from - https://www.flickr.com/photos/gwpfae/13326359683
Author: MacPepper https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/

39. Flashpoint (2014). Measuring the Impact of the Snowden Leaks on the Use of Encryption by Online Jihadists.
Retrieved from: https://fpjintel.com/portal/assets/File/Flashpoint_Jihadi_Encryption_Software_Sept2014.pdf
bokeh candle | Flickr - Photo Sharing! : taken from - https://www.flickr.com/photos/27352608@N06/2987820313/
Author: Ethan Doerr https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/

40. Source: https://d25d2506sfb94s.cloudfront.net/cumulus_uploads/document/wt26kxdn72/YG-Archive-Pol-Sunday-Times-results-160115.pdf

41. The intellectual privacy divide

42. Figure in the Fog | Flickr - Photo Sharing! : taken from - https://www.flickr.com/photos/mtsofan/8180428397/
Author: John https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/

43. Spotlight | Flickr - Photo Sharing! : taken from - https://www.flickr.com/photos/alvaronovo/10733673893/
Author: Alvaro A. Novo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/

44. “If you have nothing to hide you have nothing to fear...”

45. “Everyone is guilty of something or has
something to conceal. All one has to do is look
hard enough to find what it is.”
- Solzhenitsyn, A. (1968). Cancer Ward. The Bodley Head.

46. "Arguing that you don't care about the right to privacy
because you have nothing to hide is no different than
saying you don't care about free speech because you have
nothing to say.”
- Edward Snowden
Source: reddit.com/r/IAmA/comments/36ru89/just_days_left_to_kill_mass_surveillance_under/crglgh2

47. Newspaper Review | Flickr - Photo Sharing! : taken from - https://www.flickr.com/photos/southbankcentre/13034106905/
Author: Southbank Centre https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
“...undercover officer Peter Francis said
he was instructed in 1993 to find
information that could discredit the
Lawrence family. He claims that he
posed as an anti-racism campaigner in a
hunt for ‘disinformation’ to use against
those criticising the police.”
Source: http://www.theguardian.com/uk-
news/2014/feb/28/doreen-lawrence-police-spying-inquiry

48. P1060939 | Flickr - Photo Sharing! : taken from - https://www.flickr.com/photos/helen61/5716717759/Author: helen.2006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/
“Many disabled people are in fear of losing benefits through the
various cuts or the new flawed assessments, but it is also unfair
that some are now worrying about being reported because of being
seen being active and having a nice time on a good day.”
Source: http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/dec/06/disabled-people-benefits-dla

49. Old Westminster | Flickr - Photo Sharing! : taken from - https://www.flickr.com/photos/demonsub/8362410222/
Author: Darren Harmon https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/

50. “I want to protect myself, but I don’t know how...”

51. onion | Flickr - Photo Sharing! : taken from - https://www.flickr.com/photos/postbear/8638719643
Author: postbear eater of worlds https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/

56. Keyboard 2 | Flickr - Photo Sharing! : taken from - https://www.flickr.com/photos/arrqh/4035827701/
Author: Arrqh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/

57. Danger, No Smoking | Flickr - Photo Sharing! : taken from - https://www.flickr.com/photos/karlsbad/17920476198/
Author: Karl Schultz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/

58. Good morning:) | Flickr - Photo Sharing! : taken from - https://www.flickr.com/photos/124374841@N05/21263365286/
Author: Amber inhim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/

59. ...some people do not use E2E encrypted email on
the basis that “they are not aware, or do not
understand, the protection techniques that are
available”.
Renaud, K., Volkamer, M., & Renkema-Padmos, A. (2014). Why doesn’t Jane protect her
privacy? Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including Subseries Lecture Notes in
Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 8555 LNCS, 244–262.
http://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08506-7_13

60. San Gabriel Mountains | Flickr - Photo Sharing! : taken from - https://www.flickr.com/photos/steveberardi/9181257258/
Author: Steve Berardi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/

61. Pew Research Centre (2015) Americans’ Privacy Strategies Post-Snowden. Available from: http://www.pewinternet.org/files/2015/03/PI_AmericansPrivacyStrategies_0316151.pdf

62. The Right Tool | Flickr - Photo Sharing! : taken from - https://www.flickr.com/photos/ebarney/3348965007/
Author: Emily https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/

63. Good morning:) | Flickr - Photo Sharing! : taken from - https://www.flickr.com/photos/124374841@N05/21263365286/
Author: Amber inhim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/
[Source: http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/nov/24/google-can-
unlock-android-devices-remotely-if-phone-unencrypted]

64. Retro Robot | Flickr - Photo Sharing! : taken from - https://www.flickr.com/photos/kaptainkobold/9164005127/
Author: Alan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/
Source: http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/nov/24/google-
can-unlock-android-devices-remotely-if-phone-unencrypted

65. * Off contract figures as of Feb 2015. Source: http://appleinsider.com/articles/15/02/02/while-
apples-average-iphone-price-surges-to-687-android-devices-flounder-at-254

66. Untitled | Flickr - Photo Sharing! : taken from -
https://www.flickr.com/photos/matthiaswerner1984/5381521256/
Author: Matthias Werner https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/

67. Not all encryption tools are equal...

68. Misty horizon | Flickr - Photo Sharing! : taken from - https://www.flickr.com/photos/64643288@N00/53352954/
Author: scatz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/

69. Phone_9063 | Flickr - Photo Sharing! : taken from - https://www.flickr.com/photos/trimmer741/7296789256/
Author: Giandomenico Pozzi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/

70. The state of the digital divide

71. Internet Access - Households and Individuals, 2015 - http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/rdit2/internet-access---households-and-individuals/2015/index.html

73. BBC (2014). BBC Basic Online Skills May 2014 research. Retrieved from http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/whatwedo/learning/audienceresearch/basic-online-skills-nov-2014.pdf

74. Ofcom. (2015). Adults’ media use and attitudes report. http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/market-data-research/other/research-publications/adults/media-lit-10years

75. The role of libraries/librarians

76. Barclays bicycles 1 | Flickr - Photo Sharing! : taken from - https://www.flickr.com/photos/michoch/6385744165/
Author: Michał Ochman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/

77. We are always looking for more ways to deliver you the most
useful and relevant ads - for example, we may use your
Google search queries on the Web, the sites you visit, Google
Profile, +1’s and other Google Account information to show
you more relevant ads in Gmail.
https://support.google.com/mail/answer/6603?hl=en

79. “commitment to the defence, and the advancement, of
access to information, ideas and works of the
imagination”
CILIP. (2012). Ethical Principles for Library and Information Professionals, 2004.
Retrieved from http://www.cilip.org.uk/get-involved/policy/ethics/Documents/Ethical principles for library and information professionals October 2012.pdf
- CILIP’s Ethical principles for library and information professionals

80. Individuals must “decide for themselves what
they should, or should not, access” and those
providing the service must “respect the
privacy of users and treat knowledge of what
they have accessed or wish to access as
confidential”
- Council of Europe statement (endorsed by CILIP)
Council of Europe. (2000). New information technologies: public access and freedom of expression in cultural institutions.
Retrieved from http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/culture/Resources/DECS_CULT_NTI_libex(2000)2_EN.pdf

81. Libraries and information professionals have a responsibility to
“reject electronic surveillance”, provide training on “tools to use
to protect their privacy” and “respect and advance privacy
at the level of practices and as a principle”...
- IFLA’s Statement on Privacy in the Library Environment
IFLA. (2015). IFLA Publishes a Statement on Privacy in the Library Environment.
Retrieved November 8, 2015, from http://www.ifla.org/node/9803

83. The Library Freedom Project is a partnership among librarians,
technologists, attorneys, and privacy advocates which aims to make
real the promise of intellectual freedom in libraries. By teaching
librarians about surveillance threats, privacy rights and
responsibilities, and digital tools to stop surveillance, we hope to
create a privacy-centric paradigm shift in libraries and the local
communities they serve.
- Library Freedom Project

87. Reach | Flickr - Photo Sharing! : taken from - https://www.flickr.com/photos/jannemei/409158758/
Author: jannemei https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/

88. Coustick-Deal, R. (2015). Responding to "Nothing to hide, Nothing to fear"
openrightsgroup.org/blog/2015/responding-to-nothing-to-hide-nothing-to-fear.
@thegrugq. Short guide to better information security.
gist.github.com/grugq/353b6fc9b094d5700c70
Library Freedom Project. Privacy toolkit for librarians.
libraryfreedomproject.org/resources/privacytoolkit/
Let’s Encrypt.
letsencrypt.org
Electronic Frontier Foundation.
eff.org
Digital Citizenship and Surveillance Society.
dcssproject.net
Surveillance & Society (OA journal).
library.queensu.ca/ojs/index.php/surveillance-and-society
The Digital Divide in the post-Snowden era
surveillance.infoism.co.uk

89. Murray, A. (2015). Finding Proportionality in Surveillance Laws.
Paul Bernal’s Blog. Retrieved from:
http://wp.me/p1CGOs-HI
Shubber, K. (2013). A simple guide to GCHQ's internet surveillance
programme Tempora. Wired. Retrieved from:
wired.co.uk/news/archive/2013-06/24/gchq-tempora-101
Gallagher, R. (2015). From Radio to Porn, British Spies Track Web
Users’ Online Identities. The Intercept. Retrieved from:
theintercept.com/2015/09/25/gchq-radio-porn-spies-track-web-users-online-identities/.
@thegrugq (2015). Operational Telegram. Retrieved from:
medium.com/@thegrugq/operational-telegram-cbbaadb9013a
Richards, N. M., (2008). Intellectual Privacy. Texas Law Review,
Vol. 87. Retrieved from:
ssrn.com/abstract=1108268
Whitten, A. & Tygar, J.D. (1999). Why Johnny Can’t Encrypt: A Usability
Evaluation of PGP 5.0.
gaudior.net/alma/johnny.pdf

90. Radical Librarians Collective
@RadicalLibs
rlc.radicallibrarianship.org

91. ian clark
t: @ijclark | @infoism
e: ijclark@infoism.co.uk
w: infoism.co.uk
Blue Flow | Flickr - Photo Sharing! : taken from - https://www.flickr.com/photos/dennisholzberg/6622878345/Author: Dennis
Holzberg https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/