5. Introduction;
• Is a medication and an insecticide.
-As a medication it is used to treat scabies & lives
by applying it
on skin as a cream or lotion.
-While as insecticide it can be sprayed onto
clothing or mosquito
nets to kill the insects that touch them.
• It was discovered in 1973 being one of the WHO list
of essential medicines.
6. Pharmacodynamics; M.O.A
• Permethrin, a pyrethroid,is active against a broad
range of pests..
lice, Fleas,Mites,Ticks and Other arthropods
(M.O.A)
-Act on the nervous system of insects.
-By acting on the nerves cell membrane
interfering with sodium channel disrupt the function
of neurons and cause muscle spasms leading to
paralysis and death of pests.
@@@kill the pests and eggs.
9. Infestation;
@In adults and older children Occur in ;
• On chest
• Around nipples
• On soles of feet
• On inner elbow
• Along the inside the wrist
• Around waist
• In armpit
• Between fingers and toes
10. Contraindications;
• Child younger than 2months age .
• Hypersensitivity.
NB#
• Permethrin has a greater evidence of
safety in pregnancy.
11. Kinetic;
• Administered topically.
• Can also be (inhale, ingested) ..
• Absorption:- poorly absorbed through skin(as it is
locally administered )
• Metabolism:- rapid metabolized by ester
hydrolysis to inactive metabolites which are
excreted primarily in urine.
12. Warning and Precautions;
• External use only;
• Avoid contact with eye.
• May exacerbate; temporarily…
*itching.
*Swelling.
*Redness.
*Dyspnea.
*Asthma attack in patient with ragweed allergic.
=Keep out of children.
=If overdose get medical help.
=If allergies don’t take or be in contact with the drug.
13. Side effects;
• Skin rash.
• Redness of skin & scalp area .
• Numbness or tingling of skin .
• Skin swelling.
• Mild & transient burning & stinging.
• Itching of skin & scalp area.
NB#
Long-term exposure due to low dose cause chronic
toxicity with slight
liver & kindey damage.
14. Route and Dosage;
• Lotion 1%
• Cream 5%
@ Head lice
✓Topical: adult & children
-1% lotion applied to hair ,left on for 10 mins then
rinse(1application)
@ Scabies
✓Topical: adult & children
-5% cream massage into all skin surface,leave on for 8-
14hrs then wash off.
✓Topical : infants(2months)
- 5% cream massage into hairline,scalp ,neck, temple,
forehead.
- Leave for 8-14hrs then wash.
