Introduction of VII th Semester Syllabus

1. INTRODUCTON TO SYLLABUS
VII SEMESTER
Difference Between
BP 102 T PHARMACEUTICALANALYSIS I
AND
BP 701T. INSTRUMENTAL METHODS OF ANALYSIS II
Miss. Minakshi . N. Rajgire

2. A Flash Back on,
PHARMACEUTICALANALYSIS-I
Scope: It deals with the fundamentals of analytical chemistry and principles of
electrochemical analysis of drugs
Objectives:
 understand the principles of volumetric and electro chemical analysis.
 carryout various volumetric and electrochemical titrations.
 develop analytical skills.
UNIT-I
(a) Pharmaceutical analysis-
i) Different techniques of analysis ii) Methods of expressing concentration
iii) Primary and Secondary standards iv) Preparation and standardization of various
molar and normal solutions

3. (b) Errors: Sources of errors, types of errors, methods of minimizing errors, accuracy,
precision and significant figures
(c)Pharmacopoeia, Sources of impurities in medicinal agents, limit tests.
UNIT-II
Acid base titration:
Non aqueous titration
UNIT-III
Precipitation titrations: Mohr‘s method, Volhard‘s, Modified, Volhard‘s, Fajans method,
Complexometric titration: Classification, metal ion indicators, masking and demasking
reagents.
Gravimetry: Principle and steps involved in gravimetric analysis. Purity of the precipitate: co-
precipitation and post precipitation, diazotisation titration.

4. UNIT-IV: Redox titrations (a) Concepts of oxidation and reduction (b) Types of redox titrations
(Principles and applications) Cerimetry, Iodimetry, Iodometry, Bromatometry, Dichrometry,
Titration with potassium iodate
UNIT-V: Electrochemical methods of analysis
Conductometry- Introduction, Conductivity cell, Conductometric titrations, applications.
Potentiometry - Electrochemical cell, construction and working of reference (Standard
hydrogen, silver chloride electrode and calomel electrode) and indicator electrodes (metal
electrodes and glass electrode), methods to determine end point of potentiometric titration and
applications.
Polarography - Principle, Ilkovic equation, construction and working of dropping mercury
electrode and rotating platinum electrode, applications

5. Scope:
# Deals with the application of instrumental methods in qualitative and
quantitative analysis of drugs.
# Designed to impart a fundamental knowledge on the principles and
instrumentation of spectroscopic and chromatographic technique.
# Emphasizes on theoretical and practical knowledge on modern analytical
instruments that are used for drug testing.
Objectives:
@ Understand the interaction of matter with electromagnetic radiations and its
applications in drug analysis.
@ Understand the chromatographic separation and analysis of drugs.
@ Perform quantitative & qualitative analysis of drugs using various
analytical instruments.
BP701T. INSTRUMENTAL METHODS OF ANALYSIS- II

6. UNIT –I
1) UV Visible spectroscopy :Electronic transitions, chromophores, auxochromes, spectral
shifts, solvent effect on absorption spectra, Beer and Lambert‘s law, Derivation and
deviations.
Instrumentation - Sources of radiation, wavelength selectors, sample cells, detectors
Photo tube, Photomultiplier tube, Photo voltaic cell, Silicon Photodiode.
Applications - Spectrophotometric titrations, Single component and multi component
analysis
2) Fluorimetry : Theory, Concepts of singlet, doublet and triplet electronic states, internal
and external conversions, factors affecting fluorescence, quenching, Instrumentation and
Applications

7. UNIT –II
3) IR spectroscopy : Introduction, fundamental modes of vibrations in poly atomic
molecules, sample handling, factors affecting vibrations
Instrumentation - Sources of radiation, wavelength selectors, detectors - Golay cell,
Bolometer, Thermocouple, Thermister, Pyroelectric detector and applications
4) Flame Photometry-Principle, interferences, instrumentation and applications
5) Atomic absorption spectroscopy- Principle, interferences, instrumentation and
applications
6) Nepheloturbidometry- Principle, instrumentation and applications

8. UNIT –III
Introduction to chromatography
7) Adsorption and partition column chromatography-Methodology, advantages,
disadvantages and applications.
8) Thin layer chromatography- Introduction, Principle, Methodology, Rf values, advantages,
disadvantages and applications.
9) Paper chromatography-Introduction, methodology, development techniques, advantages,
disadvantages and applications
10) Electrophoresis– Introduction, factors affecting electrophoretic mobility, Techniques of
paper, gel, capillary electrophoresis, applications

9. UNIT –IV
11) Gas chromatography - Introduction, theory, instrumentation, derivatization, temperature
programming, advantages, disadvantages and applications
12) High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-Introduction, theory,
instrumentation, advantages and applications.
UNIT –V
13) Ion exchange chromatography- Introduction, classification, ion exchange resins,
properties, mechanism of ion exchange process, factors affecting ion exchange, methodology
and applications
14) Gel chromatography- Introduction, theory, instrumentation and applications
15) Affinity chromatography- Introduction, theory, instrumentation and applications

10. Scheme: for teaching and learning
1) Theory or Principle behind the technique/ principle for working of instrument.
2) Instrumentation(construction in detail with explanation and use of each part with
working)
3) Application or Uses of Instrument.
4) In special cases advantages and dis-advantages.

11. 1) Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis by B.K Sharma
2) Organic spectroscopy by Y.R Sharma
3) Text book of Pharmaceutical Analysis by Kenneth A. Connors
4) Vogel‘s Text book of Quantitative Chemical Analysis by A.I. Vogel
5) Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry by A.H. Beckett and J.B. Stenlake
6) Organic Chemistry by I. L. Finar
7) Organic spectroscopy by William Kemp
8) Quantitative Analysis of Drugs by D. C. Garrett
9) Quantitative Analysis of Drugs in Pharmaceutical Formulations by P. D. Sethi
10) Spectrophotometric identification of Organic Compounds by Silverstein

12. Thank you.