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Finiti training
- 1. TELOMERASE PRESENTATION BY: NOELTHOMASPATTON Founder and Chairman AGING PUZZLE THE KEY TO UNLOCKING THE ACTIVATION:
- 2. • Telomeres are bits of DNA in every cell that affect the aging process • They are the caps at the end of each strand of DNA that protect it, like the plastic tips at the end of shoelaces • Every tissue (skin, liver, heart, etc.) is made up of cells, and telomeres act as the aging clock in every cell WHAT ARE TELOMERES?
- 4. As the chromosome end-caps, they protect our genes and allow our cells to function and reproduce properly − They keep chromosomes from degrading to prevent mutations caused by fusion and massive genomic instability − They allow cells to replicate (cells can not divide when telomeres get too short) Age related decline, dysfunction, and a shortened lifespan are all related to telomere shortening WHY ARE TELOMERES IMPORTANT?
- 5. WHEN CELLS DIVIDE TELOMERESGET SHORTER
- 6. THE RESULT IS CELL AGING & DEATH
- 7. Without the protection from telomeres, our cells age and die. WHY ARE TELOMERES IMPORTANT? BOTTOMLINE:
- 8. 18 YEARS OLD 80 YEARS OLD SAME GENES DIFFERENCE?WHY THE
- 9. • Telomere shortening 1) regulates how many times a cell can divide and 2) signals changes in gene expression to an older phenotype • These gene expression changes are what causes cells to age • Telomeres shorten each time a somatic (body) cell divides. This is the aging clock • Telomere length represents your biological age as opposed to chronological age ARE THE BIOLOGICAL CLOCK TELOMERES OF AGING
- 10. • A study in the Journal of American Medical Association that followed 800 people for 10 years and found that people with the shortest telomeres were 11 times more likely to die of cancer than people with the longest telomeres1 • According to a study sponsored by the American Heart Association, people with shorter telomeres in their immune cells had twice the risk of death from heart failure as patients with the longest telomeres2 THE IMPACT OF TELOMERES SHORTENING
- 11. • There is a whole class of diseases caused by short telomeres • Short telomeres are involved with almost all the diseases associated with aging • Few specialists are aware of the root cause of the diseases they are treating THE TELOMERES SYNDROMES
- 12. • Cardiovascular • Cancer • COPD • Degenerative Disc Disease • Alzheimer’s • Osteoarthritis • Rheumatoid Arthritis • Osteoporosis • General Immunity • Skin Aging • Macular Degeneration • Liver Cirrhosis • Muscular Dystrophy • Cell & Tissue Transplants • AIDS • Progeria • Dyskeratosis Congenita • Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis • Cri du Chat Syndrome • Down Syndrome • Fanconi Anemia • Tuberous Sclerosis • Werner Syndrome • And, Aging Itself? TELOMERE SYNDROMEDISEASES
- 14. • Lead a healthy lifestyle • Activate TELOMERASE WHAT CAN BE DONE TELOMERESTOKEEP LONG?
- 15. • The enzyme called telomerase can slow, stop, or perhaps even reverse the telomere shortening that happens as we age • Telomerase stabilizes telomere length by adding DNA repeats (TTAGGG ) onto the ends of the chromosomes THERE IS SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE THAT TELOMERESCAN BELENGTHENED
- 16. Telomerase is a molecular motor that adds new DNA onto the ends of telomeres hTERT hTR template Telomere Slide courtesy of Woody Wright, Ph.D. HOW TELOMERASE LENGTHEN TELOMERES?
- 20. Short Telomeres Long Telomeres Gray and thinning hair Weakened immune system Intestinal atrophy Reduced spleen size Decreased wound healing Decreased lifespan! Rudolph, et al Cell 1999 Samper, et al EMBO rep 2001 These mice are the same age! The one on top has no telomerase. Slide courtesy of Bill Andrews TELOMERASE CANDOSOMEPRETTY POWERFULTHINGS
- 22. • TA-65 is a rare molecule discovered in a common medicinal plant • TA-65 is proven to transiently activate the telomerase enzyme in aging human cells TA-65:THEWORLD’S ONLY PROVEN TELOMERASEACTIVATIONPRODUCT
- 23. The most striking in vivo effects were: • Decline in the percent senescent cytotoxic T cells (CD8+/CD28-) at 6 and 12 months • In a subset of subjects, the distribution of telomere lengths in leukocytes at baseline and 12 months were measured. There was a significant reduction in the percent of short (<4 kbp) telomeres (p=0.037) • No adverse events were attributed EFFECTS OF TA-65 KEYFINDINGSFROMA 2010PEER-REVIEWED “We conclude that the protocol lengthens critically short telomeres and remodels the relative proportions of circulating leukocytes of immunocompromised subjects toward the more ‘youthful’ profile of non compromised subjects…” STUDY
- 24. SUMMARY OF HUMAN FINDINGS • Short Telomeres lengthened* • Senescent CD28- T Cells reduced* • Naive Cytotoxic T Cells (CD95-) increased* • Bone density improved* • Improved vision • Enhanced male sexual performance • Better skin elasticity • Anecdotal results: − Increased energy and athletic performance − Improved endurance − Improved sleeping quality * Data published in peer-reviewed scientific journal Rejuvenation Research TELOMERASE ACTIVATION TA-65WITH
- 25. “TA-65 elongatesshorttelomeresand INCREASESTHEHEALTHSPAN of adult/old mice without increasing cancer”* * Maria Blasco Aging Cell, April 2011 Mice were treated with the single molecule telomerase activator, TA-65, and the researchers reported the in vivo effects on telomerase levels, aging and cancer “In short, this study provides proof-of- principle that health improvements are possible through treatment with a small molecule telomerase activator without any detectable deleterious effects”
- 26. • No, not in the case of a total human being: TA-65 works in selected biological systems, not in every cell of the entire organism • But, people who have transiently activated the telomerase enzyme, have seen statistically significant improvements in their immune system, bone density, and a number of important other key metabolic markers such as a lowering of homocysteine IS TELOMERASE ACTIVATION “FOUNTAIN OF YOUTH”? OFTHE
- 27. THANKSTO CALVIN HARLEY BILL ANDREWS WOODY WRIGHT MARIA BLASCO for their contributions to Telomere Biology and this presentation
Editor's Notes
- Note: Color the 4 ends of the chromosomes yellow to identify the telomeres.
- Here we see the telomeres at the end of this pair of chromosomes. Telomeres serve as protective end caps to protect the rest of the chromosome where all our genes are located.
- They are like the plastic tips at the ends of shoelaces. When they unravel, their protective function is lost.
- Note: Animation does not work. Here you can see the telomeres shortening and fraying over multiple cell divisions until the chromosomes are no longer protected. When telomeres get too short, the result is catastrophic. Cells can no longer divide and they become senescent and die.
- Here you can see cells becoming senescent and dying
- Note: label left hand 18 year old and right hand 80 year old. These hands are from the same person and contain the exact same genes, so why are they so different? The answer is because of gene expression. Genes are expressed by being turned on or turned off. When we are young, some genes are on and others are off. As we age, gene expression changes and the phenotype changes from young to old.
- It is important to understand that shortening telomeres do two basic things. First they determine how many times the cell can divide before reaching what is called the Hayflick limit. Second, as telomeres shorten, signals are sent to the rest of the cell instructing it to age. As you know, we have exactly the same genes as adults as we had when we were babies. But obviously something has changed. And that is that some genes are now turned off that earlier were turned on and vice versa. This is called changes in gene expression. As we age, gene expression changes to an older phenotype (this means the cell looks and acts like an old cell). These changes are signaled by shortening telomeres. But the verse is also possible. When telomeres are lengthened by the enzyme telomerase, gene expression changes to a younger phenotype which means that the cell biologically becomes younger!
- Here are some examples of important recent scientific studies. The first one is a 2010 article from the Journal of American Medical Association showing an amazing statistic: people with short telomeres were 11 times more likely to die of cancer than with people with longer telomeres!
- An important paper by Nobel laureate Elizabeth Blackburn published in Nature Reviews in October 2012 introduces the concept of Telomere Syndrome diseases. The paper describes a whole group of devastating diseases caused by critically short telomeres. She calls these diseases The Telomere Syndromes. Virtually all diseases of aging fall under the category of Telomere Syndromes. Specialists who treat these Telomere Syndrome diseases are only now becoming aware that the root cause is shortening telomeres. So if short telomeres is the cause, what can happen if the telomeres get longer? Is lengthening telomeres by activating telomerase a new way to treat diseases of aging?
- These are some of the diseases under the class of Telomere Syndromes, as you can see, the list is long and includes most of the diseases of aging.
- There is a gene that I will call the telomerase gene, it’s scientific name is hTERT. When that gene is turned on, it causes the enzyme telomerase to be produced. TA-65 is a single small molecule that transiently turns on the hTERT gene and activates telomerase.
- Do what your doctor says: Eat well, exercise, avoid stress, don’t smoke, and so on. However, this can only slow down telomere shortening. It won’t stop or reverse aging. Notice that the few people who live perfect lives with no stress, etc. still get old, deteriorate, and die. To activate telomerase it is possible to do gene therapy on cells in a lab, but that is not currently possible in live humans; for living people there is only one proven thing available, TA-65.
- Here is a visualization of how telomerase works as a molecular motor replacing lost DNA.
- So here is a quick review: It is a fact that as our cells divide our telomeres shorten. It is a fact that as our telomeres shorten our cells age. It is a fact that in order to stop our aging, we must overcome our telomere shortening. How are we going to do this? By activating Telomerase. And TA-65 activates telomerase.
- It is the lengthening of the telomeres by telomerase activation that allows cells to beat the Hayflick limit and rejuvenate.
- Watch how the cells that have telomerase activated, rejuvenate and continue to divide as healthy functioning cells.
- The mouse on top has no telomerase, the mouse below does. The mouse without telomerase suffers from grey and thinning hair while the telomerized mouse has a thick and youthful coat. Other differences are weakened immune system, intestinal atrophy, reduced spleen size, decreased wound healing, and a shorter lifespan.
- Note: Take out product box and bottle and replace with TA-65 blue universe graphic (as in our booth and on our new business cards. By now, it should be clear to everyone in this room that shortening telomeres are the root cause of aging, I call it the “kiss of death”. The question is what can be done about it besides leading a healthy life style? The only proven answer currently available is TA-65.
- There are two critical things that TA-65 has been shown to do in published papers. A 2010 in-vivo human study published in Rejuvenation Research showed: 1) Lengthening of the Shortest Telomeres. (These are the ones that really matter; it only takes one short Telomere out of the 92 in every cell to send a cell into crisis) 2) Improved Immune system remodeled toward a more ‘youthful’ profile: Specifically the number of senescent CD28- T Cells significantly decreased. This is a reversal of what normally happens with age.
- JIM: Note: this slide needs to be updated now that Paper B is out. Jim, can you do the update? Here is a more complete list of significant benefits seen in human studies.
- When you combine human data with mice data the evidence is strong that TA-65 produces significant health benefits without increasing cancer risk. Note: added star in front of Maria Blasco
- Note: Rowland, CW, and JIM: As with the earlier slide where we need to update to include Paper B findings, this last slide needs updating. It is the last slide and should have a very powerful concluding message. Not just on the slide itself, but the commentary that goes along with it. The data from current TA-65 users has been evaluated scientifically by eminent telomere biologist Calvin Harley, PhD. and clinically by Joseph Raffaele, M.D.