This document discusses deductive reasoning and induction. Deductive reasoning involves making conclusions based on general rules or assumptions that are believed to be true. Induction moves from specific observations to broader generalizations. The document provides examples of deductive reasoning, such as deducing that a neighbor has a family based on observing he has a dog. Sherlock Holmes is known for using deductive reasoning to solve crimes. Professions like attorneys and detectives often use deductive reasoning and asking questions to solve problems or prove arguments.

1. By: Arnold T. Malayao

2.  Deductive reasoning is when you start from
things you assume to be true, and draw
conclusions that must be true if your
assumptions are true.
For Example
All dogs have a tail.
Buddy is a dog.
Therefore Buddy has a tail.

3.  Induction is usually
described as moving from
the specific to the general,
while deduction begins with
the general and ends with
the specific.
 Arguments based on laws,
rules and accepted
principles are generally
used for Deductive
Reasoning. Observations
tend to be used for
Inductive Arguments.

4.  Man approaches to greet a new
neighbor who is just moving into
the house next door and asks
what he does for a living.
 Neighbor 1: I am a professor at
the University, I teach deductive
reasoning.
 Man: Deductive reasoning?
What is that?
 Neighbor 1: Let me give you an
example. I see you have a dog
house out back. By that I deduce
that you have a dog.
 Man: That's right.
Neighbor 1: The fact that you have a
dog, leads me to deduce that you
have a family.
Man: Right again.
Neighbor 1: Since you have a family I
deduce that you have a wife.
Man: Correct.
Neighbor 1: And since you have a
wife, I can deduce that you are
heterosexual.
Man: Yup.
Neighbor 1: That is deductive
reasoning.

5.  Who is known
for using
Deductive
Reasoning?

6.  Sherlock Holmes would use deductive
reasoning to help solve crimes.
Andrew Ault
Example:
Sherlock Holmes could help solve a mystery
by making inferences. If Holmes saw a pack
of cigarettes by a victim (the victim did not
smoke), Holmes can make the assumption
that the killer is a smoker.

7.  Deductive reasoning may not be the most
accurate way of solving a problem, cause we
all know that assumptions can be wrong.

8.  All Graduates of M.I.T. are Engineers
George is not from M.I.T.
Therefore George is not an Engineer
Everybody from Texas is a cowboy
Scott is from Texas
Scott is a cowboy
My sociology teacher told us that those of us who grew up in America
in the twentieth century, with all of its greed, bigotry, and abuse of
power inherited a sickness. Well, if I’m sick, I guess I don’t have to
go to school today.

9. “Ugggh, I don’t know…”
(My Hero. Ralph Wiggum from the Simpsons)

10. Science
Using laws and rules to make assumptions
The law of gravity means everything that goes up must come down
I threw a baseball in the air
That means the baseball must come down.
Social Studies
To be elected President you must obtain at least 270 electoral votes
Donald Trump won 287 electoral votes
Therefore Donald Trump is the President.

11. Math
Scott has a case of soda in his house since there are 13 cans of soda
left I deduce that Scott has drank 11 cans of soda.
English
When I see like in a sentence, I deduce that it is a simile.

14.  These professions tend to ask a lot of
questions to try to solve problems or to prove a
point.
 Often they would have to make assumptions to
solve problems.
 They would use rules and widely accepted
beliefs to prove their argument.
An attorney states that his client is innocent because the crime victim
was hit by a car. Since his client does not have a license. He can
deduce that his client is innocent.

15.  http://www2.sjsu.edu/depts/itl/graphics/induc/ind-
ded.html#exer
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deductive_reasoning
 http://webpages.shepherd.edu/maustin/rhetoric/deductiv.ht
m
 http://www.greetinggrams.com/deductivereasoning.htm
 http://www.geocities.com/simpsonshq2000/Pictures/charact
ers/ralph1.JPG