2. WHAT IS ECOSYSYTEM ?
The ecosystem is the structural and functional unit
of ecology where the living organisms interact with
each other and the surrounding environment.
Eg: Forests, Lakes, Deserts etc.
4. Biosphere is a narrow sphere over the Earth’s
surface. It has the following features :
•It is less than 20 km
thick and extending 8
Km above sea level and
10 km below sea level.
•It is where land, water
and soil interact with
each other and life
occurs.
5. Features of an ecosystem:
• It is characterised by energy and
matter flowing between the different
elements that composes it.
• Ecosystems are separated by
geographical barriers. Most ecosystems
tend to blend into each other. So we
can call our Earth as a whole, an
ecosystem.
6. Biotic components refer to all life in
an ecosystem.
They can be divided into:
include all autotrophs.
like Plants
2. Consumers include all heterotrphs
and organisms that depend on
other organisms for food
include saprophytes
such as fungi and bacteria.
7. Abiotic components are the non-
living components of an ecosystem.
It is divided into 3:
substances such as
proteins, carbohydrates and
lipids.
2. Inorganic substances such as
oxygen,carbon dioxide and water.
3. Climate factors like
altitude,turbidity etc.
8. COMPONENTS OF AN
ECOSYSYTEM:
COMPONENTS OF AN ECOSYSTEM:
BIOTIC COMPONENTS ABIOTIC COMPONENTS
Producers
Consumers
Decomposer
s
Organic Components
Inorganic Components
Climate Factors
10. The natural ecosystems are divided into 2:
1. Terrestrial ecosystems are
exclusively land-based ecosystems.
There are different types of terrestrial
ecosystems distributed around various
geological zones. They are as follows:
• Forest ecosystems
• Grassland ecosystems
• Tundra ecosystems
• Desert ecosystems
2. Aquatic ecosystems are
ecosystems present in a body of
water. They can be further divided
into two:
• Freshwater ecosystem:
lakes,ponds,rivers
• Marine ecosystems: sea,ocean
