A brief overview on New Historicism, Cultural Materialism, Psychoanalysis & Sigmund Freud.

2. Suman Hossain
171-22-455
Glory Talukder
171-22-461
Sumaya Khan
171-22-454
Mollika Das
171-22-453
Nazmul Hosen
171-22-452

3. A brief Theory Overview
New Historicism
Cultural Materialism
Psychoanalysis

4. New Historicism:

5. • “New historicism is a method based on the parallel
reading of literary and non-literary texts, usually of the
same historical period.”
• New Historicism is a school of literary theory which
combines critical theory into easier forms of practice
for academic literary theorists of the 1990s.
Definition

6. New historicism
involves
Paralles study of
non-literary text
Paralles study
of literary text

7. New Historicists:
Juxtapose literary and non-literary text
De-familiarize the conical literary text
Focus attention on state power
Use post structuralism

8. New Historicism & Shakespeare
 Shakespeare’s play “Merchant
of Venice”
 Question always raised...
 The play shows Shakespeare to
be anti-Semitic?
 According to Historicists:
 Work must be judged in the
context in which it was written.
 Studying the history reveals
more about the text; studying the
text reveals more about the
history.

9. Cultural Materialism

10. Cultural Materialism:
Cultural Materialism is a
term coined by Raymond
Williams.
It was made current in
1985 when it was used by
Jonathan Dollimore and
Alan Sinfield as the subtitle
of their edited collection of
essays, Political
Shakespeare.

11. Historical
context
Theoretical
method
Political
comment
Textual
analysis
Cultural
Materialism

12. Cultural materialists:
1. Read literary text to ‘Recovers its Histories’
2. Foreground transmission and contextualizing
3. Combine Marxist and Feminist approach
4. Use the technique of textual analysis
5. Work mainly within traditional notion

13. Differences
New Historicism
• New historicism is a method based
on the parallel reading of literary
and non-literary texts.
• New historicism tend to focus on the
less then idea circumstances in
which they do that is on the power
of social an ideological structures.
• The new historicism situated the
literary text in the political situation
of its own day while a cultural
materialist situates it within that
ours.
Cultural Materialism
• Cultural Materialism Historical
Theoretical context method
Political Textual comment
analysis.
• Cultural materialism tend to
concentrated on the interventions
where by men and women make
their own history.
• The formers co-texts are
documents contemporary with
Shakespeare

14. Differences
New Historicism
• Juxtapose literary and
non-literary text.
• De-familiarize the conical
literary text.
• Focus attention on state
power , Use post
structuralism
Cultural Materialism
• 1 Read literary text to
‘Recovers its Histories.
• Work mainly within
traditional notion.
• Combine Marxist and
Feminist approach, use the
technique of textual
analysis

15. Psychoanalysis and
Freud

16. Psychoanalysis
• Psychoanalysis designates three things:
• 1. A method of investigating the mind and especially the
unconscious mind.
• 2. A therapy of neurosis inspired by the above method.
• 3. A new self-standing discipline based on the knowledge gained
from the application of the investigation method and clinical
experiments.

17. • (1856-
1939)Sigmund
Freud

18. Contribution
• Sigmund Freud explored the human mind more
thoroughly than any other who came before him.
• His contributions to psychology are vast. Freud was one of
the most influential people of the twentieth century and
his enduring legacy has influenced not only psychology,
but art, literature and even the way people bring up their
children.

19. 3 Levels of Awareness
• Conscious
• Conscince
• Unconscious

20. Conscious
•Current contents of your mind
that you actively think of
•What we call working memory
•Easily accessed all the time

21. Conscience
(Preconscious)
• Contents of the mind you are not
currently aware of
• Thoughts, memories, knowledge, wishes,
feelings
• Available for easy access when needed

22. Unconscious
•Contents kept out of conscious
awareness
•Not accessible at all
•Processes that actively keep these
thoughts from awareness

23. Freudian Components of Personality
•Id
•Ego
•Superego

24. DEFENSE MECHANISMS
Defense mechanisms operate
unconsciously to protect the ego from
threats from the id and from external
reality.

25. Repression
Internal
impulses and
memories too
threatening so
bared from
entering
awareness
 i.e forgetting
sexual abuse
from your
childhood due
to the trauma
and anxiety

26. Projection
• Attribute
unacceptable
thoughts or
impulses onto
others (project
these
inappropriate
thoughts etc onto
others)
 i.e when
losing an
argument,
you state
"You're just
Stupid;"

27. Dream Work
(Displacement)
Shifting
attention from
one target that
is no longer
available to a
more acceptable
or “safer”
substitute
 i.e slamming a
door instead of
hitting as
person, yelling
at your spouse
after an
argument with
your boss

28. Psychosexual Stages
•In the highly repressive “Victorian” society in
which Freud lived and worked women, in
particular, were forced to repress their sexual
needs. In many cases the result was some form of
neurotic illness.

29. Freud’s Belief
•Freud believed that children are born with a
libido – a sexual (pleasure) urge. There are a
number of stages of childhood, during which
the child seeks pleasure from a different
‘object’.

30. Three Psychosexual Stages
• Oral stage: (birth-18 months): erogenous zone is the mouth
and sucking and biting lead to satisfaction
• Anal Stage (18-36 months): obsession with the erogenous zone
of the anus and with the retention or expulsion of the feces-
conflict with parents/societal pressures
• Phallic Stage: (3- 6 years): The phallic stage is the setting for the
greatest, most crucial sexual conflict in Freud's model of
development. In this stage, the child's erogenous zone is the genital
region.

31. Oedipus Complex
• The Oedipus Complex occurs during the phallic stage and
is a conflict in which the boy wishes to possess his mother
sexually and perceives his father to be a rival in love.
According to Freud, the child must give up his sexual
attraction for his mother in order to resolve this attraction
and move to the next stage of psychosexual development.

32. Freudian Slip
• A slip of the tongue or
pen that is motivated by
and reveals some
unconscious aspect of
the mind.
• An error in speech that r
eveals repressed thought
s or feelings.
• i.e Calling
someone’s wife
as yours or
calling your boss
as your maid.