Name: Melin W. Abad Subject: Special Topics (Education 316) Teacher: Corazon C. Quipot, EdD

1. Name: Melin W. Abad
Teacher: Corazon C.
Quipot, EdD
Subject: Education 316
Special Education
Activity 1

2. The Major Trends Affecting
Education in the
Immediate Future

3. Introduction
 Philippines education is strongly viewed as a pillar of national
development and a primary avenue for social and economic mobility.
It has undergone several stages of development from the Pre-Spanish
time to the present. It is handled by three government organization,
namely, the Department of Education (DEPED), the Commission on
Higher Education (CHED), and Technical Education and Skills
Development Authority (TESDA). The DEPED govern both public and
private education in all levels, with its mission to provide quality
basic education that is equitably accessible to all by the foundation
for lifelong learning and service for the common good.
http://www.articlesbase.com/colledge-and university-
articles/3626183

4. Introduction
 The Filipino people have deep concern for education
because it occupies a central place in political,
economical, social, and cultural life in the Philippines.
The government allocates a high budget every year for
Philippine education and guarantees that every has the
right to quality education. However, there are some
important issues that needs to be looked closely and
resolved by the government.
http://www.articlesbase.com/colledge-and university-
articles/3626183

5. 1.Quality of Education
 This is the first major issue that the Philippine government should
resolve but somehow it is recently improving. The quality of
Philippines education has declined few years ago due to poor result
from standard entrance test conducted among elementary and
secondary students, as well as the tertiary levels. The results were
way below the target mean score. High dropout rates, high number of
repeaters, low passing grades, lack of particular language skills,
failure to adequately respond and address the needs of people with
special needs, overcrowded classroom, and poor teacher
performances, have greatly affected the quality of education in the
Philippines

6. Education
Quality and inclusive lifelong learning

7. Affordability
There is a big disparity in educational achievements across
social groups. Students from wealthy families have excellent
educational background gained from exclusive private
schools at the start of their education until they finish
college. Unlike the students from the less fortunate families,
wherein most of them could not even finish elementary nor
secondary level because of poverty. They could barely afford
to buy school shoes and pencils, not even the tiny amount of
tuition fees from the public schools

8. 4. Mismatch
 There is a large proportion of mismatch between training
and actual jobs. This issue arises at the tertiary level and
causes a large group of unemployed and underemployed.
This is very true nowadays because of the arising BPO
industries particularly the call center companies.
Hundreds of thousands of young professionals, graduates
or undergraduates from college level settled at this type
of company because of the attractive compensation that
they are offering. Call center companies do not require a
specific degree of education, what matters to them is the
proficiency in the English language.

9. 3. Budget for Education
The government was mandated by the Philippine
Constitution to allocate the highest proportion of
its budget to education. However, among the
ASEAN countries, the Philippines still has one of
the lowest budget allocations to education. This
is due to some mainstream political issues and
humungous problems that the government is
facing specially corruption.

10. 5. Brain drain
 Brain drain is a problem described as the
process in which a country loses its
most educated and talented workers to
other countries through migration. ...
Negative effects include loss of tax
revenues by the home country, and a loss
of key health and education service
professionals

11. Brain Drain
 Brain drain can be described as the process in which a country loses its most
educated and talented workers to other countries through migration. This
trend is considered a problem, because the most highly skilled and competent
individuals leave the country, and contribute their expertise to the economy
of other countries. The country they leave can suffer economic hardships
because those who remain don't have the 'know-how' to make a difference.
 Brain drain can also be defined as the loss of the academic and technological
labor force through the moving of human capital to more favorable
geographic, economic, or professional environments. More often than not, the
movement occurs from developing countries to developed countries or areas.

12. Brain Drain
 Causes of Brain Drain
 There are various causes of brain drain, but they differ depending on the country that's
experiencing it. The main causes include seeking employment or higher paying jobs, political
instability, and to seek a better quality of life. Causes of brain drain can be categorized into
push factors and pull factors.
 The push factors are negative characteristics of the home country that form the impetus for
intelligent people migrating from Lesser Developed Countries (LDC). In addition to
unemployment and political instability, some other push factors are the absence of research
facilities, employment discrimination, economic underdevelopment, lack of freedom, and
poor working conditions.
 Pull factors are the positive characteristics of the developed country from which the migrant
would like to benefit. Higher paying jobs and a better quality of life are examples of pull
factors. Other pull factors include superior economic outlook, the prestige of foreign
training, relatively stable political environment, a modernized educational system to allow
for superior training, intellectual freedom, and rich cultures. These lists are not complete;
there may be other factors, some of which can be specific to countries or even to individuals.

14. 6. Social Divide
Social divisions' refers to regular patterns of division in
society that are associated with membership of
particular social groupings, generally in terms of
advantages and disadvantages, inequalities and
differences. ... Social divisions are crucial in various
aspects of everyday family lives and experiences.

15. Problem of social divide extends beyond the school
By KWAN JIN YA
https://www.todayonline.com/voices/problem-social-divide-extends-
beyond-school

16. 7. Lack of Facilities and Teacher
Shortage in Public Schools
 The Importance of School Facilities in Improving Student Outcomes
 Introduction
 A growing body of research has found that school facilities can have a profound impact on both
teacher and student outcomes. With respect to teachers, school facilities affect teacher
recruitment, retention, commitment, and effort. With respect to students, school facilities affect
health, behavior, engagement, learning, and growth in achievement. Thus, researchers generally
conclude that without adequate facilities and resources, it is extremely difficult to serve large
numbers of children with complex needs.
 According to the US General Accounting Office (GAO) almost three-fourths of existing US schools in
1996 was constructed before 1970. Of these schools, about one-third of schools had need of
extensive repair or replacement and almost two-thirds had at least one inadequate building feature
such as substandard plumbing, roofing, or electrical systems. Moreover, 58-percent had at least one
unsatisfactory environmental condition such as inadequate ventilation, acoustics, or physical
security.
 Besides general maintenance and construction issues, researchers have found most schools lack 21st
century facilities in the form of infrastructure, laboratories, and instructional space. More than half
do not have sufficiently flexible instructional space for effective teaching to take place.
 Thus, facility quality is an important predictor of teacher retention and student learning. The
physical and emotional health of students and teachers depend on the quality of the physical

17. The Impact of Facilities
 Improving the quality of school facilities is an expensive undertaking. However, when the positive
impacts of facility improvement on teachers and students are translated into dollar figures, the
rewards of such investments far outstrip the cost of the investments. There are five primary facets
of school facilities: acoustics/noise, air quality, lighting, temperature, and space. These are
addressed below.
 Acoustics and Noise
 Noise levels greatly affect teacher and student performance. In fact, excessive noise causes dis-
satisfaction and stress in both teachers and students. Research has found that schools that have
classrooms with less external noise are positively associated with greater student engagement and
achievement compared to schools with classrooms that have noisier environments. Thus, building
schools that buffer external noise from classrooms can improve student outcomes.
 Air Quality
 Indoor air quality is also a concern because poor air quality is a major contributor to absenteeism
for students with asthma. Research also indicates that many schools suffer from “sick building
syndrome” which affects the absenteeism and performance of all students. Moreover, bacteria,
viruses, and allergens that contribute to childhood disease are commonly found in schools with poor
ventilation systems.
 Indoor pollutants are also emitted from office equipment, flooring materials, paints, adhesives,
cleaning products, pesticides, and insects. All of these environmental hazards can negatively affect
children, particularly in schools with poor ventilation systems.

18. The Impact of Facilities
 Lighting
 Before the advent of cheap electricity, schools often relied on natural lighting. As electric
power costs declined, the amount of artificial light used in schools increased. Research has
shown that artificial lighting has negative impacts on those in schools while natural lighting
has positive impacts. In fact, research has shown that not only does classroom lighting boost
the morale of teachers and students, appropriate amounts of natural lighting also reduces
off-task behavior and improves test scores. One study found that students with the most
exposure to natural daylight progressed 20% faster in in math and 26% faster in reading than
students who were taught in environments with the least amount of natural light.
 Proper Temperature and Control of Temperature
 One consistent research finding across individuals of all ages is that the temperature in which
a person works affects engagement levels and overall productivity—including student
achievement. Anyone that has worked in a classroom or office that is too hot or too cold
knows how difficult it can be when trying to work when the temperature is uncomfortable.
According to the best analyses, the ideal temperature range for effective learning in reading
and mathematics is between 68º and 74º.
 To maintain such a temperature in every classroom within a school, teachers typically need to
be able to control the temperature in their own classroom. At the very least, teachers should
be able to control the temperature of small blocks of classrooms that receive the same
amount of sunlight and have similar exposures to outside temperatures.

19. The Impact of Facilities
 Classroom Size and Space
 Overcrowded classrooms—and schools—have consistently been linked to increased levels of aggression in
students. Overcrowded classrooms are also associated with decreased levels of student engagement and,
therefore, decreased levels of learning.
 Alternatively, classrooms with ample space are more conducive to providing appropriate learning
environments for students and associated with increased student engagement and learning. Classroom
space is particularly relevant with the current emphasis on 21st century learning such as ensuring students
can work in teams, problem solve, and communicate effectively. Classrooms with adequate space to
reconfigure seating arrangements facilitate the use of different teaching methods that are aligned to
21st century skills. Creating private study areas as well as smaller learning centers reduces visual and
auditory interruptions, and is positively related to student development and achievement.
 Twenty-First Century Learning
 Policymakers, educators, and business people are now focused on the need to ensure that students learn
21st century skills such as teamwork, collaboration, effective communication, and other skills. As noted
above, older buildings simply are not conducive to the teaching of 21st century skills. This is particularly
true with the respect to reconfiguring seating arrangements to facilitate various modes of teaching and
learning and the use of technology in the classroom as a mode of teaching and learning.


20. Conclusion
 A large body of research over the past century has consistently found that school
facilities impact teaching and learning in profound ways. Yet state and local
policymakers often overlook the impact facilities can play in improving outcomes
for both teachers and students. While improving facilities comes at a financial
cost, the benefits of such investments often surpass the initial fiscal costs.
Policymakers, thus, should focus greater attention on the impacts of facilities and
adopt a long-term cost-benefit perspective on efforts to improve school facilities.
 References
Ayers, P.D. (1999). “Exploring the relationship between high school facilities and achievement of
high school students in Georgia.” Uunpublished doctoral dissertation, University of
Georgia,Athens, GA
Baron, R. A. (1972). Aggression as a function of ambient temperature and prior anger
arousal. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 21(2), 183.
Buckley, J., Schneider, M., & Shang, Y. (2004). The effects of school facility quality on teacher
retention in urban school districts. Posted by the National Clearinghouse for Educational
Facilities at: http://www.edfacilities.org;
Duncanson, E. (2003). Classroom space: right for adults but wrong for kids. Educational
Facility Planner, 38(1): 24-8

21. Shortage of Teachers
 Experts expect teacher demand to exceed supply for grades K-12 in public
schools by more than 100,000 for the first time ever — a dearth largely
caused by endemic poor pay and the inability of districts to
retain teachers.The Philippines has been an ideal country for schools
facing shortages

22. This report is the first in a series examining the magnitude
of the teacher shortage and the working conditions and
other factors that contribute to the shortage
 What this report finds: The teacher shortage is real, large and growing, and worse than we
thought. When indicators of teacher quality (certification, relevant training, experience,
etc.) are taken into account, the shortage is even more acute than currently estimated, with
high-poverty schools suffering the most from the shortage of credentialed teachers.
 Why it matters: A shortage of teachers harms students, teachers, and the public education
system as a whole. Lack of sufficient, qualified teachers and staff instability threaten
students’ ability to learn and reduce teachers’ effectiveness, and high teacher turnover
consumes economic resources that could be better deployed elsewhere. The teacher shortage
makes it more difficult to build a solid reputation for teaching and to professionalize it,
which further contributes to perpetuating the shortage. In addition, the fact that the
shortage is distributed so unevenly among students of different socioeconomic backgrounds
challenges the U.S. education system’s goal of providing a sound education equitably to all
children.
 What we can do about it: Tackle the working conditions and other factors that are prompting
teachers to quit and dissuading people from entering the profession, thus making it harder
for school districts to retain and attract highly qualified teachers: low pay, a challenging
school environment, and weak professional development support and recognition. In addition
to tackling these factors for all schools, we must provide extra supports and funding to high-
poverty schools, where teacher shortages are even more of a problem.

23. 8. Drop-out Rate
 Data from the Philippine Statistics Authority's
Annual Poverty Indicator Survey recorded a
decrease of about 352,000 out of school youth
aged 16 to 24, from 3.32 million in 2016 to 2.97
million in 2017.

24. Drop Out rate
 Causes of High School Dropouts
 Academic Failure. Struggling in school on a daily basis is the biggest reason
most students choose to drop out of high school. ...
 Attendance/Preparation. Students must attend school consistently. ...
 Disengagement. Source. ...
 Pregnancy. ...
 Financial Difficulties. ...
 Mental Illness. ...
 Drug Use/Addiction. ...
 Disabilities.

25. Effect of drop-out
Reduce political contribution, excess in demand for social
services, increased rate of crime and poor health levels are
the factors that contribute to major social costs of dropping
out of school. Lower wages, unemployment prospects, and
possibility of health issues are consequences of
student dropout

26. 9 Ways to Decrease Your Dropout Rate
Today
1. Tell kids the real story
 Present students with data on how dropping out can impact aspects of their well-
being, such as income and life expectancy.
2. Reach out to your community
 Community members who don’t have school-aged children may feel like the
dropout rate doesn’t affect them. But it does. Everyone wins when students stay
in school. Graduation rates increase when students have community support and
communities benefit with more graduates in their workforce economy.
 3. Give students a positive place to be
 When students enjoy their school’s environment, they’ll want to participate and
stay in school. “A positive school culture, meaningful relationships with adults,
and engaging instruction are all ways to motivate students to want to be in
school,” Dr. Bruening said.

27. 9 Ways to Decrease Your Dropout Rate
Today
4. Provide career and technical education
 Career and technical education classes make school more interesting and
meaningful for students. “Personalized learning is another way of making
learning more engaging and relevant for students,” Dr. Bruening said.
 She notes that the most successful career technical education programs
reflect the needs of the community where they’re implemented. For
example, “In more rural areas, agriculture may be more popular,” she said.
“This also provides opportunities for students to prepare for ways they can
contribute and help support their own communities.”
5. Hold stakeholders accountable for the graduation rate
 “When everyone owns it—even the kindergarten teacher or the businessman—
changes can happen systemically,” Dr. Bruening said.

28. 9 Ways to Decrease Your Dropout Rate
Today
6. Provide multiple pathways for graduation
 Not every student learns the same, and some students may have personal commitments
(children, jobs, etc) outside of school that make traditional high school a challenge. You can
impact the dropout rate by providing alternatives—dual enrollment, academic learning
experiences, night school, and career academy schools—students can take to graduate.
 Online education courses are also a popular alternative. “Online education has increased
educational options for students both in credit recovery and for students who wish to
graduate early,” Dr. Bruening said.
7. Use technology to engage students
 Instead of competing with students’ smartphones, educators can use technology as a tool to
bolster learning and keep their attention. “Student-centered learning allows teachers to take
a more facilitative role in the learning process,” Dr. Bruening said. “Technology allows
teachers to invite students to personalized learning like never before, but there is a paradigm
shift for most teachers in thinking about instruction differently.”

29. 9 Ways to Decrease Your Dropout Rate
Today
8. Keep schools open to serve as community hubs in the summer
 When schools stay open, students are encouraged to keep their minds sharp, which
can prevent them from falling behind later. “Summer offerings for students
provide additional options for them to recover credits, get ahead or increase their
specific skills,” Dr. Bruening said. “Summer camps that incorporate learning as
well as fun can also enhance students’ skills, keeping them fresh for the start of
another school year.”
 9. Start a mentoring program
 Ongoing support through mentoring and tutoring services help keep students on
track to graduate. “Mentoring programs can take many forms. Some schools assign
adult mentors within the schools, some use community volunteers, some utilize
older students or college students,” Dr. Bruening said. “The primary objective
should be that mentors are dependable, consistent, and form strong bonds with
the students receiving the mentoring.

30. Thank you MA’AM
God Bless You Always MA’AM CORAZON C.
QUIPOT, EdD
Unpalapalad ka Ma’am
Unditediteng ka Ma’am
Unkasakasat ka Ma’am