5. CMG component
5
Generalized Equation-of-State Model Reservoir Simulator (GEM)
• GEM is a full equation-of-state compositional reservoir simulator with advanced features for modelling
recovery processes where the fluid composition affects recovery.
• GEM also models asphaltenes, coal bed methane and the geochemistry of the sequestration of various gases
including acid Gases and CO2.
IMplicit-EXplicit Black Oil Simulator (IMEX)
• IMEX is a full -featured three-phase, four-component black oil reservoir simulator for modelling
primary depletion and secondary recovery processes in conventional oil and gas reservoirs.
• IMEX also models pseudo-miscible and polymer injection in conventional oil reservoirs, and
primary depletion of gas condensate reservoirs, as well as the behavior of naturally or
hydraulically fractured reservoirs.
Steam, Thermal and Advanced processes Reservoir Simulator (STARS)
• STARS is a thermal, K-value compositional, chemical reaction and geomechanics reservoir
simulator ideally suited for advanced modelling of recovery processes involving the injection of
steam, solvents, air and chemicals.
https://acpi.ir/
8. 8
.dat - Simulator input file that contains all information that
simulator requires to perform its flow calculations
.inc - Additional input files referred to in .dat file
.fhf - Historical data can be stored in this file type
out - File output by the simulator containing information
on the model in ASCII text
.sr3 - Binary file containing the simulator results
.Results – Template file for post processing in Results software
Basic file extensions
Simulator Data Organization
https://acpi.ir/
9. Phase Behaviour & Fluid Property Program
9
Phase Behaviour Modelling & PVT Creation using WinProp
•Characterize the heavy fraction of the petroleum fluids
•Lump and split components
•Match laboratory PVT data through regression
•Simulate first and multiple contact miscibilities
•Perform multiphase equilibrium calculations
•Perform phase diagram generation
Laboratory Results Output of Winprop
• “Black-oil” PVT description (IMEX)
• EOS PVT description (GEM)
• K value PVT description (STARS)
https://acpi.ir/
10. 10
Builder
• User Interface for preparing reservoir simulation models
• Use BUILDER to construct IMEX, GEM and STARS datasets
Builder Sections
I/O Control: Simulation or text results output, Restart, etc.
Reservoir: Grid structure, properties, etc.
Components: Fluid model
Rock-Fluid: Relative permeability, capillary pressure, etc.
Initial Conditions: Initial pressure/saturations, Pb, etc.
Numerical: Convergence criteria, explicit/implicit, etc.
Geomechanics (optional): Stress dependent properties, etc.
Wells & Recurrent: Well trajectories, perforations, constraints, etc.
Builder
https://acpi.ir/
11. 11
Builder
Geomodel: Create in Builder
Builder integrates all the static and dynamic properties to construct a reservoir model
• Use BUILDER to CONSTRUCT IMEX, GEM and STARS datasets
• Use BUILDER to CONVERT IMEX to GEM and STARS
Builder can handle two different approaches for PVT modelling:
• Laboratory Results ( Winprop)
Typically include composition and experiments
• Limited data (Correlations)
Basic information related to gas and oil densities, Saturation Pressure and Reservoir
Temperature is required
https://acpi.ir/
12. IMEX
Applications
12
Black Oil & Unconventional Simulator
IMEX models primary and secondary oil recovery processes in conventional and
unconventional reservoirs.
Primary recovery
Black Oil & Volatile Oil
Dry & Wet Gas
Gas Condensate
Secondary recovery
Waterflooding
Polymer Flooding
Dry Gas Injection
Pseudo-miscible Displacement
Gas Storage
Abandoned Gas Fields
Aquifer Storage
Naturally Fractured Reservoirs
Gas Oil Gravity Drainage (GOGD)
Explicit Modelling of Hydraulically fractured wells
with non-Darcy flow and Compaction
IMEX
https://acpi.ir/
13. GEM
Applications
13
Compositional &Unconventional Simulator
GEM is the world-leading Equation-of-State (EoS) reservoir simulator for compositional,
chemical and unconventional reservoir modelling.
Secondary Recovery
Miscible & Immiscible gas injection (CO2, N2, Sour Gas, Flue Gas) in
Continuous, WAG and SWAG modes
Gas condensate production with dry/lean gas cycling to recover liquids
VAPEX heavy oil recovery (isothermal and thermal)
CBM & Shale Gas Production
Multi-component desorption/adsorption, diffusion & coal
swelling/shrinkage
Gas Storage
Abandoned Oil Reservoirs (to model light oil/condensate recovery)
Tracking gas composition
CO2 & Acid Gas Sequestration
Oil reservoirs, Saline aquifers & Coal beds (ECBM)
Geochemical reactions
GAM
14. GEM
Applications
14
Asphaltene modelling during primary and secondary recovery
Precipitation, Flocculation, Deposition & Plugging
Naturally Fractured Reservoirs
Gas Oil Gravity Drainage (GOGD) in naturally fractured reservoirs
CBM & Shale Reservoirs
Explicit Modelling of Hydraulically fractured wells with non-Darcy flow &
Compaction
Single Plane Fractures (Vertical & Horizontal Wells in Tight reservoirs)
Complex Fracture Networks ( Vertical & Horizontal Wells in Shale
reservoirs)
Coupled Surface Facilities
Branched surface networks using hydraulics tables and FORGAS
Looped surface networks coupled to GAP and PIPEPHASE
Coupled Geomechanics
GEOMECH
GAM
15. STARS
Applications
15
Thermal & Advanced Process Simulator
STARS is the undisputed industry standard for the advanced modelling of recovery
processes involving steam, solvents, air and chemicals.
Thermal EOR
Hot water flooding
Steam flooding & Cyclic Steam Stimulation
SAGD & ES-SAGD
In-Situ Combustion (LTO & HTO)
In-Situ Conversion of Oil Shale (Shell ISC process)
Chemical EOR
Emulsions, Gels, Foams
ASP, SP, ASG (foam surfactant)
MEOR
LoSAL waterflooding
Brightwater polymer flooding
Gas Storage
Salt Cavern Storage
SATRS
16. STARS
Applications
16
Naturally Fractured Reservoirs
Steam Oil Gravity Drainage (SOGD) in naturally fractured reservoirs
Cold Heavy Oil Recovery (CHOPS model built with AITF)
Natural Gas Hydrates
Geothermal
Complex Thermal Wellbore Completions
Discretized Wells (transient, segregated flow of steam, oil, gas &
water in single tubing horizontal wells)
FlexWells (transient, segregated flow of steam, oil, gas & water in
multiple tubing, undulating wells)
Coupled Surface Facilities
PIPEPHASE
Coupled Geomechanics
GEOMECH
SATRS
17. 17
Intelligent Optimization & Analysis Tool
CMOST
• Use AI and Machine Learning
with human expertise to
identify optimal solutions
• Data driven proxies allow for
quick and interactive “what if ”
analysis
https://acpi.ir/
19. RESULTS
19
• Automatic Repeat Plots
• Analyze 2D and 3D results together in one window
• Reporting
Post-Processor: Visualization & Analysis
https://acpi.ir/
20. Key Steps in a Simulation Study
20
Reservoir
Characterization
Model Selection
Model Construction
Model Validation
Predictions
Documentation
Compare & Adjust
History Macthing
with CMOST
Construct model
with BUILDER
RESULTS
https://acpi.ir/
