The document discusses the potential effects of climate change on British Columbia (BC), Canada according to a World Bank report. It notes rising temperatures will negatively impact forests, fisheries, agriculture and infrastructure in BC by 2050. Environmental effects include more floods and wildfires. The economy may be damaged by losses in the forest, fisheries and agriculture sectors. Urgent action is needed through international agreements and initiatives at all levels of government to mitigate climate change risks and adapt key industries to future conditions with fewer resources.
Contemporary philippine arts from the regions_PPT_Module_12 [Autosaved] (1).pptx
Why British Columbia needs to Turn Down the Heat
1. +
Why British Columbia needs to Turn Down the Heat:
Climate Change & B.C., Canada:
A World Bank Coursera Final Project
2. +
Outline
Introduction:
The World Bank’s “Turn Down the Heat” Report
British Columbia, Canada
Negative effects:
Environmental effects
Economic effects
Health effects
Implications
Conclusion
3. +
Introduction: World Bank Report
World Bank Report “Turn Down the
Heat”:
Must avoid a 4 degrees C increase in
global temperatures to avoid irreversible
climate change
The frequency/severity of floods,
droughts, storms, and other natural
disasters are predicted to rise
These events will have untold global
effects on the environment
Climate change will effect key
industries, services & infrastructure
Image source: http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/Worldbank/Feature%20Story/ECA/Poalnd/Heat-Report-400x264-copy.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original
4. +
Introduction:
B.C., Canada
Location: Westernmost province of Canada
Known for its natural beauty and diverse ecosystems
However, Climate change is already affecting Canada!
Canadian insurance companies: payouts have doubled every five years (since
1983) due to:
Property damage
Infrastructure damage
More sickness
Higher mortality
Image source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/130995712@N05/15782802834/in/photolist-q3EZqf-i9R261-fYaW2-dXL75-ebh8V-baWtw-baWz
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Environmental effects:
Rising temperatures
By 2050:
Greater Vancouver: Will have
average temperature of
Northern California
Prince George Area:
Okanagan weather
By 2080:
Projections of further
warming of 0.9-1.8 degrees C
6. +
Environmental effects:
Milder winters & drier summers
B.C. lost 50% of snow pack in last 50-100 years
Less snow runoff in summer
less water for crops
less water for hydropower/industries
Annual precipitation increased 20%
Spread of outbreaks (due to mild winters)
Blue Stain Fungus
Spread by Mountain Pine Beetle
Affected area = 4 Vancouver Islands (13 million ha)
Range could expand north & east
More severe fires/droughts
7. +
Environmental Effects:
The Mountain Pine Beetle Epidemic
Image source: http://www.bcbudget.gov.bc.ca/2005_sept_update/bfp/img/bgt2005u_p1_tb_beetle2.gif
8. +
Environmental Impacts:
What happened to the snow?
Image source: https://www.bchydro.com/content/dam/BCHydro/customer-portal/graphics/maps/snowpack-early-2015-full-width-map.jpg
9. +
Environmental effects:
Floods & Rising sea levels
Changing rain/snow patterns: affects rivers, lakes, groundwater
B.C. glaciers have steadily been retreating
Faster melts/increased precipitation
Floods in Fraser Valley, Interior regions and other areas in B.C.
Low lying areas hit hardest (ie: Delta)
Higher flood risk due to storms
Sea Level Rise:
4-12 cm along most of the coast
Up to 16-34cm in Vancouver area over past century
By 2050
Northern B.C. coast: up to 30cm
Northern Yukon: up to 50cm
11. +
Environmental effects:
Species’ adaptation
Forests: What trees will adapt to 2050 climate?
Forests need 40-50 years to establish
Trees can’t move as fast as climate
North shore mountains
Dying of stress
Summer drought/Winter storms
Western Red Cedar
Iconic First Nations symbol
May migrate to Northeastern B.C. (to Fort Nelson)
May get taken over by early successional pine
(vulnerable to beetle)
Pacific Northwest:
Could lose 47% of plant species
What species will take over?
Image: https://www.flickr.com/photos/78791029@N04/10550975926/in/photolist-h5mvy3-89VbbU-79mqaJ-cbUtB1-ebgPeH-7pueyn-7pufjx-p2ZUm2-pGpvko-pYywKV-pGiGCz-8Xbz4A-8X
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12. +
Economic Effects:
Forest & Fisheries
Large amounts of timber lost due to fire &
mountain pine beetle
Fisheries may be affected by increased
glacier melt/warmer waters
Acidification of water ways can prevent
shellfish larvae from properly developing
shells
Zooplankton (with calcium carbonate
shells) are main food source for salmon
Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/-annon/5295721297/in/photolist-94XXrB-5tsiK3-7fMQGz-fbGf1v-2VrGRW-dqrAS5-7r87wG-35XGZ4-2VrHmE-gvvAgD-dsxE3t-7j6GaC-i5JFm6-rVfq
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13. +
Economic Effects:
Agricultural sector
Crops damaged by pests and extreme weather
Risk of soil salinization
Once soils are salty, nothing can be done
Destroyed crops:
2009: Spotted wing drosophila destroyed cherry crops in Okanagan
2010: High precipitation destroyed much of the root crops in Delta
2012: Drought in Peace River region
Prince George:
Will have Okanagan-type climate (warmer)
Will there be enough water?
14. +
Economic effects:
Damage to infrastructure
Roads
Milder winters
More freeze/thaw cycles
reduce life of road/maintenance cost
Flooding
2010: Highway to Bella Coola destroyed
(175 residents evacuated)
Buildings
By 2050, 2000-3000 homes at risk of floods
At a cost of $2000/annum per resident by
2050s
Fire season of 2003
Destroyed 334 homes, 45,000 evacuated
Fire off Highway 20 (BC, Canada)
Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/wanderin_weeta/4905826227/in/photolist-8tvDdP-8qks8X-8rREUR-fgsCnM-8gaRsn-6HH6Xf-2aTwrG-4d4WQu-4d4WPm-zJQWP-4cZXsz-6Qb3dU-4d4WS
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15. +
Health Effects:
Air Quality:
2010 fire season: air quality warnings issued by City of Vancouver and
Government of Alberta
Stroke/Respiratory illness:
Due to heat waves
2009: 8 day heat wave in lower mainland
Vancouver Coastal Health Authorities reported more deaths compared with
average
More outbreaks:
Cryptococcus gattii fungus (caused by milder winters)
Since 1999: 129 infections, 4 deaths on Vancouver Island
Psychological impacts:
Due to evacuation from floods/fires
16. +
Implications:
What needs to be done?
Agricultural sector:
Take advantage of improved agricultural systems (Northern B.C.)
produce more food to support a growing population
Need improved irrigation systems to combat water shortages
Natural methods to eliminate crop pests/diseases
Reduce dependency on US imports
California current accounts for the majority of fruit & vegetable imports to B.C.
but agriculture sector now in crisis due to water shortages
Forestry sector:
Improve market for blue fungus stained timber destroyed by mountain pine beetle
Reforest based on future forest structure projections
Fisheries sector:
Improve the fish farming industry
Adapt market for changing fish stocks due to changing water system conditions
17. +
Implications:
What needs to be done?
Reduce carbon footprint
Expand clean, public transportation
Promote energy saving measures
Invest in renewables
Reduce dependency on hydroelectric power
Avoid turning to fossil fuels to supplement energy demand
Improve infrastructure:
Better flood mitigation
Improved road systems
18. +
Conclusion:
Major action needs to be taken
International agreements (COP21 in Paris)
By national, provincial, and municipal governments
Communities need to work together to find feasible,
sustainable solutions
New initiatives with future conditions in mind:
A larger population
Fewer resources
More natural disturbances