Sociology is the scientific study of society and social interaction. There are four main theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, symbolic interaction, and feminist. Sociological research uses independent and control groups and methods like surveys, experiments, ethnography and archival research. Some pioneering sociologists include Auguste Comte, Karl Marx, and Herbert Spencer. Sociology studies topics like social institutions, socialization, culture, and social change over time.

1. SOCIOLOGY
SOCIOLOGY IS THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF SOCIETY , PATTERNS OF SOCIAL
RELATIONSHIP , SOCIAL INTERACTION AND CULTURE OF EVERYDAY LIFE.

2. TYPES OF SOCIOLOGY
Sociology ----social science :sociology has two field they are;
1. Social Institution
2. Social Behaviour

3. SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH
• Sociological research based on two types :
1. Independent group
2. control group

4. SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
Sociology has four different major theoretical perspective . They are:
• Functionalist perspective
• Conflict perspective
• Symbolic interaction perspective
• Feminist perspective

5. INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY
Functionalist : It works on macro level
Conflict theories : It works on macro level
Symbolic Interaction : It works on micro level
Feminist : It works on macro, micro and meso level

6. FIELDS OF SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE WORKING
• Meso level: feminist
• Macro level: feminist , functionalist, conflict theorist
• Micro level: feminist , symbolic interaction

7. HISTORY BEHIND THE TERM SOCIOLOGY
‘Sociology‘ term is continuously changing. Here the evolution of sociology:
• SOCIAL ENGINEERING  SOCIAL PHYSICS  SOCIAL SCIENCE  SOCIOLOGY

8. PIONEERS OF SOCIOLOGY
• There are some pioneer in sociology such as
• august coute
• henry matenue
• harriet martineau
• herbart spencur
• carl marks

9. HUMAN STAGES
August coute said “human stage devided into three stages” They are:
• Theological stage
• Metaphysical stage
• Positive stage
Economy has three sanctions. They are:
• Production
• Exchange
• Disribution

10. MEANS OF PRODUCTION
There are five means of production. They are:
1. Technology
2. Capital
3. Labour
4. Land
5. Raw metarial

11. CLASSIFICATION OF LABOURS
Here are the classification of labour :
1. Unskilled labour
2. Semi-skilled labour
3. Skilled labour

12. APPLICATIONS FIELDS OF SOCIOLOGY
Sociology have many application sides . Like:
• Religion
• Economy
• Education
• Politics
• Family

13. FUNCTION
Robert marks said everything in the world happen for function. There are some types of function:
• Manifest function
• Laiten function
• Disfunction

14. MODE OF PRODUCTION
From the beginning there are some mode of production means division of labour in our Society. They are:
• Primitive communism
• Slavery
• Feudalism
• Capitalism
• Socialism
• Communism

15. TYPES OF SOCIETY
• Lenski divided the stage of society into 6 types. They are:
1. Hunting and Gathering Society
2. Horticulture Society
3. Agriculture Society
4. Postural Society
5. Industrial Society
6. Post Industrial Society

16. HOW TO INDUSTRIAL INVENTION BUILD UP: (POEM)
I
THINK
PRETTEY
UNICORNS
ARE
REALLY
COOL

17. HOW TO INDUSTRIAL REVELATION BUILD UP:
There are seven reason for industrial revelation:
1. Invention
2. Transportation
3. Political Stability
4. Urbanization
5. Agricultural revelation
6. Raw materials
7. Commercial revelation

18. UNDERSTANDING SOCIALIZATION
• Theories of socialization
• Agents of socialization
• Life course and Re-socialization
• Civilization

19. MODEL OF PERSONALITY
Sigmund Freud said model of personality with basic need and social experience is three types:
1. Id
2. Ego
3. Super Ego
Human personality are divided in four stages:
1. Sensory motor stage(1-2 years)
2. Preperational stage(2-6 years)
3. Concrete operational stage(7-11 years)
4. Formal operational stage(12+ years)

20. THEORY OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT
Theory of development are three types . They are:
• Pre Conventional level(pain and pleasure)
• Conventional level (teen years)
• Post Conventional level(abstract ethical principles)

21. AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION & LIFE COURSE
• Agents of socialization
1. Family
2. School
3. Peer groups
4. Mass media
• Life course
1. Childhood 4.Middle Adulthood
2. Adolescence 5.Old stage
3. Young Adulthood 6.Death

22. RE-SOCIALIZATION
Re-socialization can occur in many way like:
• Prison
• Military
• Migration

23. PROCESS OF SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH
#Process of Sociological research:
1. Defining the problem
2. Review of literature
3. Formulating hypothesis
4. Collecting and analyzing data
5. Developing conclusion
6. New ideas for social research

24. PROCESS OF SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH
Doing sociology:
• Critiquing existing body of knowledge
• Adding existing body of knowledge
Defining problem:
• Puzzle
• Operational defenation
Review of literature
Formulating hypothesis

25. PROCESS OF SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH
Collecting and analyzing data
• Social survey
• Experiment
• Ethnography
• Archival research
#social survey:
1. Sample 2.population
• Probability sampling
• Non probability sampling

26. SURVEY
Self -Administration
• Mailed
• Internet
1. Email
a. Insert
b. Attachment
2.Online
Interview
1. Face to face
2. Telephone

27. Social self has two types. They are
1. Generalized others
2. Significant others
Erik Erikson divided human stages in eight stage. They are:
1. Infancy(0-1.5 years)
2. Toddler hard (1.5-3 years)
3. Pre-school year(3-5 years)
4. Inferiority (6-13 years)
5. Adolescence (14-19 years)
6. Young adulthood(20-30 years)
7. Middle adulthood(31-35 years)
8. Old stage(36-70+ years)