This document discusses arrays, references, and pointers in C++. It covers arrays, including 3D arrays and taking user input into arrays. It defines memory addresses and how variables are stored at addresses. References are defined as variables that act as references to existing variables using the & operator. Pointers are also discussed. Examples are provided of passing arguments to functions by value, by reference with references, and by reference with pointers.

1. Arrays, References, Pointers

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Module 1: C++
• Introduction, Input / Output, Data types
• Variables, Operators, Conditionals
• Loops, Number System, Strings, Functions
• Arrays
• References, Pointers
• Dynamic Memory Allocation
• Classes and Objects
• File handling

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3D Arrays in C++

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Arrays in C++: User Input

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Memory Address in C++
• Variable declaration  memory address is assigned to the variable
• The address can be accessed using & operator
• Variable assignment  value is stored in the memory
• & can be used to get the memory address of a variable which is the location of where the
variable is stored in the computer

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References in C++
• A reference variable is a “reference” to an existing variable, and it is created using &
operator.

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Example: References in C++

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Pointers in C++

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Pointers in C++

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Pointers in C++

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Dereference in C++

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Modify Pointers in C++

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Passing Arguments to a Function

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Example 1: Function in C++  Call by value

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Example 2: Function in C++ Call by reference with reference
argument

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Example 3: Function in C++  Call by reference with pointer
argument

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