We used this for our Biology class. She just gave us a topic then we did some research about it. So it's more of a research. HAHAHA!

4. WHAT IS A RIVER SYSTEM?
• A RIVER SYSTEM IS A WAY OF DESCRIBING THE LARGER
NETWORKS OF STREAMS, LAKES AND RIVERS THAT ARE
PART OF A LARGER RIVER'S NETWORK OF TRIBUTARIES
AND DISTRIBUTARIES.

5. PARTS OF A RIVER SYSTEM
Figure 1. Parts of a river system.

6. PARTS OF A RIVER SYSTEM
Figure 1. Parts of a river system.

7. PARTS OF A RIVER SYSTEM
Figure 1. Parts of a river system.

8. PARTS OF A RIVER SYSTEM
Figure 1. Parts of a river system.

9. PARTS OF A RIVER SYSTEM
Figure 1. Parts of a river system.

10. PARTS OF A RIVER SYSTEM
Figure 1. Parts of a river system.

11. PARTS OF A RIVER SYSTEM
Figure 1. Parts of a river system.

12. PARTS OF A RIVER SYSTEM
Figure 1. Parts of a river system.

13. WHAT IS ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT
• AN ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF A WATERSHED INCLUDES EVALUATIONS
OF MORE THAN ONE ASPECT OF WATERSHED HEALTH.
•THE TERM “ECOLOGICAL” IMPLIES THAT BOTH ORGANISMS AND THEIR
ENVIRONMENTS ARE STUDIED TOGETHER.

15. TERMINOLOGIES
• BOD (BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND)
• STANDARD METHOD FOR INDIRECT MEASUREMENT OF THE AMOUNT OF ORGANIC
POLLUTION (THAT CAN BE OXIDIZED BIOLOGICALLY) IN A SAMPLE OF WATER.
•DO (DISSOLVED OXYGEN)
•INDICATOR OF THE HEALTH OF A WATER BODY AND ITS CAPACITY TO SUPPORT A
BALANCED AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS.

16. TERMINOLOGIES
•SWDI (SOCIAL WELFARE AND DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS)
•AIMS TO ASSESS THE LEVEL OF WELL-BEING OF THE PANTAWID PAMILYANG
PILIPINO FAMILIES. IT ALSO SERVES AS THE REFERENCE IN THE CASE MANAGEMENT
OF THESE SAID BENEFICIARIES – TO HELP THEM GAIN THEIR FIGHTING CHANCE
AGAINST POVERTY.

17. TERMINOLOGIES
• PHYTOPLANKTON
• ALSO KNOWN AS MICROALGAE
•ARE SIMILAR TO TERRESTRIAL PLANTS IN THAT THEY CONTAIN CHLOROPHYLL AND
REQUIRE SUNLIGHT IN ORDER TO LIVE AND GROW. MOST PHYTOPLANKTON ARE
BUOYANT AND FLOAT IN THE UPPER PART OF THE OCEAN, WHERE SUNLIGHT
PENETRATES THE WATER. PHYTOPLANKTON ALSO REQUIRE INORGANIC NUTRIENTS
SUCH AS NITRATES, PHOSPHATES, AND SULFUR WHICH THEY CONVERT INTO
PROTEINS, FATS, AND CARBOHYDRATES.

18. TERMINOLOGIES
• MACROBENTHOS
• THE RELATIVELY LARGE ORGANISMS LIVING ON OR IN THE BOTTOM OF BODIES OF
WATER.
• ZOOPLANKTON
•PLANKTON COMPOSED OF ANIMALS

20. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
•TO BE ABLE TO SHOW THE ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF RIVER
SYSTEMS IN THE PHILIPPINES.
•TO KNOW THE IMPORTANCE OF RIVERS AND RIVER SYSTEMS IN
OUR ECOSYSTEM.

22. METHODOLOGY
• SCIENTIFIC DATA OBTAINED THE PRRC’S ENVIRONMENTAL DIVISION WILL
SERVE AS INDICATORS OF WATER QUALITY AS REFLECTED IN ON-SITE,
LABORATORY, AND SEDIMENTARY ANALYSES.

24. PASIG RIVER
Figure 2. Pasig River then and now.

25. FIGURE 3. PASIG RIVER SYSTEM

26. PASIG RIVER
•RIVER LENGTH: 27 KILOMETERS
•CONNECTS MANILA BAY AND
LAGUNA DE BAY
•AVERAGE WIDTH: 91 METERS
•DEPTH: 0.5 TO 5.5 METERS
Figure 4. Pasig River Then

27. PASIG RIVER
•PASSES THROUGH TAGUIG, PASIG,
MAKATI, MANDALUYONG, AND
MANILA
•MAJOR TRIBUTARIES: MARIKINA,
PATEROS-TAGUIG, NAPINDAN, AND
SAN JUAN
• HAS 43 MAJOR TRIBUTARIES
LOCATED IN MANILA
Figure 5. Pasig River Now

28. FIGURE 6. WATER QUALITY OF THE PASIG RIVER FROM 1999 TO 2009
THE FIGURE CLEARLY SHOWS THAT THE PASIG RIVER WAS VERY POLLUTED, AS IT FAILED
TO MEET THE DENR STANDARD LEVELS OF 5 AND 7 MG/L FOR DO AND BOD, RESPECTIVELY.

29. FIVE BASIC WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS
• DISSOLVED OXYGEN
• TEMPERATURE
• ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY / SALINITY
• PH
•TURBIDITY

30. POLLUTION SOURCES
• INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION
•AFFECTING FACTOR PERCENTAGE: 45 %
•ABOUT 315 OF THE 2,000 OR MORE FACTORIES SITUATED IN THE RIVER
BASIN
•AVERAGE WEIGHT OF BOD (PER DAY): 145 TONS

31. POLLUTION SOURCES
• DOMESTIC LIQUID WASTE
•AFFECTING FACTOR PERCENTAGE : 45 %
•APPROXIMATELY 4.4 MILLION PEOPLE LIVING IN THE PASIG RIVER
CATCHMENT AREA
•AVERAGE WEIGHT OF BOD (PER DAY): 148 TONS (PURELY FROM THE SEWAGE
OUTLETS SCATTERED ALONG ITS BANKS)

32. POLLUTION SOURCES
• SOLID WASTE
•AFFECTING FACTOR PERCENTAGE : 10 %
•APPROXIMATELY 4.4 MILLION PEOPLE LIVING IN THE PASIG RIVER
CATCHMENT AREA
•AVERAGE WEIGHT OF BOD (PER DAY): 30 TONS (PURELY FROM THE SEWAGE
OUTLETS SCATTERED ALONG ITS BANKS)

33. DIVERSITY OF PLANTS IN PASIG RIVER3.33
2.38
2.56MAIN PASIG RIVER MINOR TRIBUTARIES
2008-2009 2012-2013
Figure 7. Plant
Diversity Count in
Pasig River
System

34. DIVERSITY OF ANIMALS IN PASIG RIVER
0.72
1.075
0.397
0.656
0.808
0.087
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Phytoplankton Zooplankton Macrobenthos
Main Pasig River Minor Tributaries
Figure 8. Animal
Diversity Count
in Pasig River
System

36. CONCLUSION
• WATER IS ONE OF THE MAJOR NEEDS OF AN ORGANISM, ESPECIALLY HUMANS. DUE
TO INDUSTRIALIZATION RIVERS IN METRO MANILA ARE FULLY AFFECTED.
•PASIG RIVER WAS DECLARED BY THE GOVERNMENT THE MOST IMPORTANT RIVER
IN METRO MANILA LAST 1990. BUT EVIDENTLY, IT HAS CHANGED A LOT FROM IT’S
PREVIOUS CONDITION. IT WAS ONCE A CLEAN RIVER BUT NOW IT’S NOT. IN A
RIVER SYSTEM, AS SOON AS ONE PART OF IS BECAME DAMAGED OR IN OTHER
WORDS POLLUTED THE REST OF THE SYSTEM WOULD BE POLLUTED.

38. REFERENCES
• PASIG RIVER POLLUTION. (N.D.). RETRIEVED AUGUST 14, 2016, FROM HTTP://WWW.WEPA-
DB.NET/POLICIES/MEASURES/BACKGROUND/PHILIPPINES/PASIGRIVER.HTM
• GORME, J. B., MANIQUIZ, M. C., SONG, P., & KIM, L. (2010, SEPTEMBER 15). THE WATER QUALITY OF
THE PASIG RIVER IN THE CITY OF MANILA, PHILIPPINES: CURRENT STATUS, MANAGEMENT AND
FUTURE RECOVERY. RETRIEVED AUGUST 14, 2016, FROM
HTTP://KPUBS.ORG/ARTICLE/ARTICLEMAIN.KPUBS?ARTICLEANO=E1HGBK_2010_V15N3_173
• ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENTS. (N.D.). RETRIEVED AUGUST 14, 2016, FROM
HTTP://WWW.DEP.WV.GOV/WWE/WATERSHED/WQMONITORING/PAGES/ECOLOGICA
LASSESSMENTS.ASPX