Purposive communication

1. The world is shrinking rapidly today. Advances in
information technology, scientific knowledge and
applications have transformed a sprawling earth into a
global village. People of various cultures and
nationalities now meet, interact, trade, and socialize
with ease on a daily basis. Making this possible is the
use of a common language.

2. What is Language? Language is purely human and non-
instinctive method of communicating ideas, emotions and
desires by means of voluntarily produced symbols (Sapir,
1921, as cited in Madrunio & Martin, 2018). It is a system of
communication by sound, operating through the organs of
speech, among members of a given community, and using
vocal symbols possessing arbitrary conventional meaning (Pei,
1966, as cited in Madrunio & Martin, 2018 ).

3. Language is the ability to produce and comprehend both
spoken and written (and in the case of sign language, signed)
words. Understanding how language works means reaching
across many branches of psychology everything from basic
neurological — functioning to high-level cognitive processing.

4. Language shapes our social interactions and brings order to
our lives. Complex language is one of the defining factors that
make us human. Linguists agree that a language can only be
called a language, if it has a system of rules (also known as
grammar), a sound system (phonology) and a vocabulary
(lexicon). These are the requirements for identifying a means
of communication as a language, therefore it is an exclusively
human condition. Other species definitely do communicate
through movements and sounds, but they are definitely not in
the same class as humans.

5. When people use language, they can understand each other
because they belong to the same speech community. They can
interact to each other because in their speech community,
people share the same set of rules in the language system.
While growing up, people acquire the languages used by those
in the community. This is the process of language acquisition,
which is the process of building the ability to understand a
language, using it to communicate with others.

6. The language acquired growing up is known as first language
(also called as mother tongue native language or ). A first
language is the language a person has learned from birth or
within the critical period, or that a person speaks the best and
so is often the basis for sociolinguistic identity. In some
countries, the terms native language or mother tongue refer to
the language of one's ethnic group rather than one's first
language. Sometimes, there can be more than one mother
tongue, those children are usually called bilingual.

7. By contrast, a second language is a language that a person
learns in addition to his or her first language. It may be
learned in a formal or informal way, such as at school or in a
family, and this active process is called language learning.
People learn languages as they use them to communicate their
thoughts, feelings, and experiences and establish relationships
with family members and friends. For example, a student may
come to school speaking more than one language, or learn
another language in school. In their early years, children
develop language informally. Language development is
continuous and recursive. Students enhance their language
learning by using what they know in new and more complex
contexts.

8. Finally, language is a tool that enables people to communicate,
express needs and wants, issue directives, create and produce
through our own tongue.

9. WHAT IS COMMUNICATION?
The term communication comes from the Latin word
“communicare” – which means to share something in common,
to unite, to join, or to have things in common. It is a process by
which people send messages or exchange ideas or thoughts
with one another in a verbal or nonverbal manner.

10. • Speech Communication is a process of transmitting
information, thought or feeling from one person to another
through spoken words. Nonverbal Communication is
receiving and transmitting information, thought or feeling
without the use of words. Communication skills are
important to everyone-they are how we give and receive
information and convey our ideas and opinions with those
around us.

11. Communication comes in many forms:
• verbal (sounds, language, and tone of voice)
• oral (listening and hearing)
• non-verbal (facial expressions, body language, and posture)
• written (journals, emails, blogs, and text messages)
• visual (signs, symbols, and pictures)

12. ELEMENTS OF
COMMUNICATION

13. The term refers to the exchange of information communication
process (a message) between two or more people. For
communication to succeed, both parties must be able to
exchange information and understand each other. If the flow
of information is blocked for some reason or the parties cannot
make themselves understood, then communication fails.

14. Sender
The communication process begins with the , who is also
called sender the communicator or source. The sender has
some kind of information—a command, request, or idea that
he or she wants to share with others. In — order for that
message to be received, the sender must first encode the
message in a form that can be understood and then transmit
it.

15. Receiver
The person to whom a message is directed is called the
receiver or the interpreter. In order to comprehend the
information from the sender, the receiver must first be able to
receive the sender's information and then decode or interpret
it.

16. Message
The message or content is the information that the sender
wants to relay to the receiver. It is relayed between the
parties. Put all three together and you have the
communication process as its most basic.

17. Medium
Also called the channel, the is the means by which a message
medium is transmitted. Text messages, for example, are
transmitted through the medium of cell phones.

18. Feedback
The communication process reaches its final point when the
message has been successfully transmitted, received, and
understood. The receiver, in turn, responds to the sender,
indicating comprehension. Feedback may be direct, such as a
written or verbal response, or it may take the form of an act or
deed in response.

19. Encoding
It is the process of turning thoughts into communication. The
encoder uses a ‘medium’ to send the message — a phone call,
email, text message, face-to-face meeting, or other
communication tool. The level of conscious thought that goes
into encoding messages may vary. The encoder should also
take into account his or her any ‘noise’ that might interfere
with message, such as other messages, distractions, or
influences.

20. Decoding
It is the process of turning communication into thoughts. For
example, you may realize you’re hungry and encode the
following message to send to your roommate: “I’m hungry. Do
you want to get pizza tonight?” As your roommate receives the
message, he or she decodes your communication and turns it
back into thoughts to make meaning.