1. Biological evolution can be examined through fossils and dating techniques like relative dating and absolute dating.
2. Early hominins like Australopithecus africanus had traits of both humans and apes and evidence shows they could walk upright but were also adapted for climbing.
3. Later species in the genus Homo include Homo habilis, Homo erectus, and Homo floresiensis and archaic humans like Neanderthals, Denisovans, and Cro-Magnon that were ancestral to modern humans.
3. RELATIVE DATING
Using relative dating the fossil is compared
to something for which the age is already
known
Stratigraphy- science that examines the way
by which each sediments are laid down in
successive layers or strata.
- Most commonly used dating technique.
4. ABSOLUTE DATING
is used to determine a precise age of a fossil through
radiometric methods
The history of vertebrate life can be classified into three era:
5. MIOCENE EPOCH
Fossils of apelike humans were
discovered by
paleoanthropologist, Louis and
Mary Leakey in Africa.
8. AUSTRALOPITHECUS
africanus was anatomically similar to Au. afarensis,
with a combination of human-like and ape-like
features. Compared to Au. afarensis, Au. africanus
had a rounder cranium housing a larger brain and
smaller teeth, but it also had some ape-like features
including relatively long arms and a strongly sloping
face that juts out from underneath the braincase with
a pronounced jaw. Like Au. afarensis, the pelvis,
femur (upper leg), and foot bones of Au. africanus
indicate that it walked bipedally, but its shoulder and
hand bones indicate they were also adapted for
climbing,
11. CONT..
Paranthropus
robustus (or Australopithecus
robustus) is an early hominin,
originally discovered in Southern
Africa in 1938. Particularly regarding
cranial features, the development of
P. robustus seemed to be in the
direction of a "heavy-chewing
complex"
12. CONT..
Paranthropus boisei or Australopithecus
boisei was an early hominin, described as the
largest of the
genusParanthropus (robust australopitheci
nes). It lived in Eastern Africa during the
Pleistocene epoch from about 2.4 until about
1.4 million years ago.
13. SPECIES OF HOMO
HOMO HABILIS:THE HANDY MAN
HOMO ERECTUS: UPRIGHT MAN
HOMO FLORESIENSIS:THE HOBBIT
NEANDERTHALS, DENISOVIANS,
CRO-MAGNON: ARCHAIC HUMAN
15. NEANDERTHALS
Neanderthals are an extinct species or
subspecies of archaic humans in the
genus Homo, who lived within Eurasia
from circa 400,000 until 40,000 years
ago
Named after NeanderValley in
Germany were it was discovered.
16. DENISOVIANS
The Denisovans or Denisova
hominins are an extinct species or
subspecies of archaic humans in the
genus Homo.
The Denisovan individuals found in
Siberia carried genetic data that
matches that of modern humans and
is associated with dark skin, brown
hair and brown eyes
17. CRO-MAGNON
First fossil identified as
early modern human
Found in 1868 at old
cro-magnon rock
shelter site near the
village of Les Eyzies.
18. HOMO SAPIENS
FOUND INTABON CAVE IN PALAWAN
CALLEDTABON MAN
Homo sapiens, (Latin: “wise man”)
the species to which all modern
human beings belong.
Homo sapiens is one of several species
grouped into the genus Homo, but it is the
only one that is not extinct