From a student of Sir Syed University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan.

1. CELL MECHANISM OF
BRAIN FUNCTION
PREPARED BY: Mariam Sajid
LECTURER: Miss Rabia Faizan

2. What is the cell mechanism in
brain?
• It is an abstraction of an
electrophysiological
mechanism, present on cell.
• ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL:
The branch of physiology that
deals with the Electrical
phenomena associated with
nervous and other bodily
activity.

3. ‘Brain function’
• Plays a vital role in functioning
of the body.
• This includes vital functions like;
 Breathing rate
 Heart rate
 Sleeping
 Eating
 Thinking
 Remembering
 Reasoning
 Talking

4. What are the cells of brain?
• NEURONS:
 Basic unit of Nervous System
 Nerve cells
 Carries electrical impulses
Sensory Neurons Interneuron
Motor Neurons
TYPES OF NEURONS

5. Labeled structure of a neuron

6. How neurons communicate?
Neurons communicate by
means of Electrochemical signal.
 The signal that travels within a
Neuron is called Electric signals.
(ACTION POTENTIAL)
 The signal that travels between
Neuron is called Chemical signals.
(NEUROTRANSMITTERS)

7. STEP NO. 1
• The pre-synaptic Neuron, talks
to the post synaptic Neuron, at
the synapse.
•
•
•
Pre-synaptic
transmitting neuron
Post-synaptic
receiving Neuron
Axon
Dendrites

8. STEP NO. 2
• An Action Potential travels
down the axon to the axon
terminal.
Action Potential
travels down
Synaptic cleft
Synaptic
vesicle

9. STEP NO. 3
• The Action Potential causes the
vesicles to move toward the
membrane and release
Neurotransmitter into the synaptic
cleft.
Synaptic cleft
Cell
membrane
Neurotransmitter
Synaptic
vesicle

10. STEP NO. 4
• The Neurotransmitter binds
to the receptor (lock and key
fit)
Binding of Neurotransmitter to their receptors from
post synaptic vesicle

11. STEP NO. 5
• The Neurotransmitter can cause an
Action Potential in the post synaptic
neuron, so, The Neurotransmitter is
"sucked" back into the pre-synaptic
Neuron to end the Action Potential.
Here the Uptake of the neurotransmitter takes
place

12. Now what is action potential?
• When a Neuron is
stimulated enough, it fires
an electrical impulse that
zips down its axon to its
neighboring Neuron. And
that electrical buzz, nerve
impulse is called Action
Potential.

13. Steps of Action potential
• STEP NO.1: Resting Potential:
Sodium and potassium channels are
closed. Na+ rush into the cell K+ are
concentrated inside the cell.
Potential difference: -85 mV.
Negatively
charged Proteins
Na+ Ions K+ Ions

14. FDG
• STEP NO. 2: Depolarization:
Sodium channels open in
response to a stimulus. Na+
rush into the cell according to
the dictates of diffusion.
Na+ Ions
Sodium
channels
Makes the cell
depolarized

15. sdgheryh
• STEP NO. 3: Re-polarization:
Na+ channels close and K+
channels open. K+ rush out of
the cell according to the
dictates of diffusion.
K+ Ions
Na+ Channel
close
Potassium
Channel

16. Jgdt
• STEP NO. 4:Hyperpolarization
Na+ and K+ channels are
closed. Sodium-potassium
exchange pump moves Na+
out and K+ in.
Na+ Ions out
K+ Ions In

17. do
“THANKYOU AND
YOUR NEURONS”